The Indian Tribes of
The United States
History, Antiquities, Customs, Religion,
Arts, Language, Traditions,
Oral Legends and Myths
In Two Volumes
Edited by Francis S. Drake 1884
645 + 510 pages, Illustrated, Indexed, Searchable
- Bonus -
A Compilation of
All The Treaties Between
The United States and
The Indian Tribes
Now In Force As Law
Published 1873
1,075 pages, Indexed, Searchable
- Bonus -
History of the Catholic Missions
Among the Indian Tribes of the US
1529-1854
By John G. Shea, published 1857
549 pages, Indexed, Searchable
******************************************************************
Digital EBook CD Requires Adobe Reader 7.0 or higher to View
Autoboot Menu for Easy PC Access; Manually open with MAC
************************************************************
CONTENTS OF VOLUME I.
Introduction . . 11
CHAPTER I. Origin, Traditions, Physical and Mental Type 27
CHAPTER II. Language, Literature, and Pictography 47
CHAPTER III. Indian Art, Industry, and Medical Knowledge
Canoes — Musical Instruments — Fire by Percussion — Trituration of Maize — Preparation of Spear-and Arrow-Heads — Handicraft of Oregon Tribes — Curing of Skins — War-Club — Gorget, or Medal — Corn-Pestle — Coin — Ballista — Amulets — Antique Javelin — Antique Earthen-ware of the Pueblos — Domestic Handicraft of the Pueblos — Navajoe Blankets — Spinning and Weaving of the Navajoes — Medical Knowledge 64
CHAPTER IV. ANTIQUITIES.
Existing Monuments — Northern and Central America connected — Indian Migrations — Scandinavian Explorations — Dighton Rock — Ancient Shipwreck — Supposed Celtic Inscriptions — Skeleton in Armor — Oneida Stone — Western Antiquities — Mounds — Mound-Builders — Their Arts and Implements — Ancient Agriculture — Copper-Mining — Antiquities of Lake Erie — Rock- Writing — Architecture — Fortification — Ancient Indian Art — Spinning and Weaving — Metallurgy — Pottery — Pipe-Sculpture — Axe — Vase — Awl — Shuttle — Fleshing-Tool — Knife — Stone Bill — Copper Bands, etc. — Manitoes — Rope-Making — Geological Changes ... . . . . 81
CHAPTER V. Religion and Magic.
Idea of God — Good and Evil — -Spirits — Dakota Gods — Giants' Feast and Dance — Immortality — Future State— Sun-Worship — Sacred Fire — Algonkin Beliefs — Attributes of God — Priests and Powwows — Jossakeeds — Medas — Magic — War Magic — Hunting Magic — Healing Art — Wabenoes
CHAPTER VI. MANNERS AND CUSTOMS.
Influence of Climate — Flora and Fauna — Domestic Animals — Similarity of Customs among Widely-Separated Tribes — Imitations and Changes — Observations of Travellers — Vicissitudes of Indian Life— The Indian on his Hunting-Grounds — Indian Family — Domestic Life — Women — Children — Courtship and Marriage — Polygamy — Totems — Forest Teachings — Fishing — Hunting — War — Striking the Post — Feasts and Fasts — Medicine Feast — Sports and Pastimes — Discoidal Stones — Ball-Playing — Games of Chance — Dances - Sugar-Making — Costume — Accoutrements — Characteristic Traits - Imperturbability — Taciturnity — Regard for Insanity — Revenge — Superstition — Manito's Spirit Craft — Omens, Dreams, etc. — Secret Societies — Menstrual Lodge — Human Sacrifices — Burial-Customs — Mourning — Ossuaries — Iroquois Customs — Creek — Dakota — Ojibway ................ 163
CHAPTER VII. THE TRIBES. — ETHNOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION — ORGANIZATION — GOVERNMENT.
Algonkins. — Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island Indians— Abenakis — Penobscots — Pennacooks — Allegans — Delawares — Pottawatomies — Chippewas — Pillagers — Shawnees — Cheyennes — Arapahoes — Miamis — Menomonies — Kickapoos — Michigamies — Blackfeet — Mascoutins — Brothertons — Ottawas — Sacs and Foxes — Pawnees, Peorias, Quappaws, etc.
Appalachians. — Cherokees — Creeks — Choctaws — Chickasaws — Seminoles — Congarees — Natchez.
Pacific Slope. — California, Oregon, and Washington tribes.
Dakota or Sioux. — Dakotas — Assiniboines — Mandans — Minnetarees — Arikarees — Crows — Winnebagoes — lowas — Omahas — Osages — Ponoas.
Iroquois. — Onondagas — Oneidas — New York Indians — Wyandot Hurons — Catawbas — Eries.
Athabascas. — Alaskas — Apaches — Navajoes.
Shoshones or Snakes. — Comanches — Utes — Bannocks — Wichitas — Kiowas — Pueblos — Zunis — Moquis.
Yumas. — Pimas — Papagos — Maricopas 238
CONTENTS OF VOLUME II.
PERIOD I. EUROPEAN DISCOVERY AND EXPLORATION.
I. — The Landing of Juan Ponce de Leon in Florida, and of Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon in South Carolina — The Ancient Chicora ........... 9
II — Verazzani explores the Atlantic Coast .......... 13
III. — Narvaez explores Florida and discovers the Appalachian or Floridian Group of Tribes . . 16
IV. — Cartier sails up the St. Lawrence ........... 21
V. — Expedition of De Soto to Florida — Appalachian Tribes — The Dakotas — Discovery of the Mississippi .............. 30
VI. — Coronado's Expedition into New Mexico— The Zuiii, Moqui, Navajoe, and Cognate Tribes . 48
VII. — Voyages of Ribault and Laudonnifere — Menendez — Retaliatory Expedition of De Gourgues —Founding of St. Augustine ........... 67
PERIOD II. EARLY EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTS.
I. — Discovery of Virginia — Efforts for its Colonization — Sir Walter Raleigh — Sir Richard Greenville — Settlement on Roanoke Island abandoned — The Aborigines — Jamestown settled — Captain John Smith — Opechancanough — Massacre of the Colonists — Indian Population 64
II. — The Hudson River explored — The Dutch settle Manhattan — Indian War — Manhattan becomes the English Colony of New York — Indians of New York .... 80
III. — Champlain finds Quebec and the Canadian Settlements ....... 86
IV. — Settlement of the New England Colonies — Massasoit — Efforts to Christianize the Indians — Their Manners and Customs — The Pequots ......... 87
V. — Maryland settled — Aboriginal Population on the Shores of the Chesapeake — The Susquehannocks — The Andastcs ............ 95
VI. — Pennsylvania colonized — The Lenni Lenape . . . . . . . . .108
VII. — Settlement of the Carolinas . . . . . . . . . . . .111
PERIOD III. WAR OF RACES — EARLY COLONIAL HISTORY,
I. — The Pequot Tribe and the Pequot War — Destruction of Port Mystic — Flight and Extinction of the Tribe 115
II. — The Narragansetts — War between Uncas and Miantonomo 122
III. — The Pokanoket Tribe and Philip's War — The Narragansetts join Philip and are defeated
and humbled — Overthrow and Death of Philip . . . . . . . .125
IV. — The Merrimac Valley and Abenaki Tribes — King William's War — Governor Dudley's War
— Sebastian Rale — Lovewell's Fight 146
V. — The Southern Indians — Massacre of White Settlers — Wars with the Tuscaroras, Yamassees, Natchez, and Chickasaws — Settlement of Georgia ....... 152
VI. — The Aquinoshioni, or Iroquois — Governor Shirley's War — Capture of Louisburg — Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle — The Outagamies, or Foxes 159
PERIOD IV FRANCE AND ENGLAND CONTEND FOR THE POSSESSION OF THE OHIO VALLEY.
I. — Policy of France — Her Indian Allies— Policy of England — The Iroquois — Sir William Johnson — The Ohio Company — Washington ......... 166
II.— Braddock's Defeat 182
III. — Kittanning destroyed — Battle of Lake George — Capture of Oswega and Fort William
Henry.187
IV. — Campaigns of 1758-59— Grant's Defeat- Bouquet's Battle— Reductin of Fort Du Quesne
— Conference with the Iroquois — Conquest of Canada — Its InmRnoe upon the Hostile
Tribes 192
V. — War with the Cherokees 205
VI. — Conspiracy of Pontiac — Detroit besieged — Frontier Posts captured — Dalzell's Defeat —
Battle of Bushy Ruu— Relief of Fort Pitt- Siege of Detroit raised . . . .210
VII. — Expeditions of Bouquet and Bradstreet — Pacification of the Tribes — Death of Pontiac . 220
VIII. — Logan— Dunmore's Expedition — Battle of Point Pleasant — Peace concluded — Indian Trade — Captain Jonathan Carver — Census of the Tribes ....... 230
PERIOD V. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
I. — State of the Indian Tribes — Brant — Action of Congress — Invasion of Canada, and Defeat at the Cedars 240
IT, — The Johnsons — St. Leger invades New York — Fort Stanwix — Battle of Oriskany . . 248
HI, — Employment of Indians in War^Addross of Congress to the Tribes — Massacres of Wyoming, Cherry Valley, and Ulster ............ 256
IV. — Hostilities with the Western Indians — The Shawncos — Cornstalk — Fort Henry — Conquest of Southern Illinois— Fort Laurens .......... 264
V. — Battle of Minnisink — Sullivan ravages the Iroquois Territory — Indian and Tory Raids in
Western New York — Cherokee Hostilities — Massacre of the Moravian Dclawares . . 271
VI. — Border Wars of Kentucky — Boonesborough attacked — Bowman's Expedition — Estill's Defeat — Battle of the Blue Licks — The Creeks attack General Wayne .... 282
PERIOD VI. POST-REVOLUTIONARY.
I. — Indian Policy of the United States — Treaties with the Tribes 287
II. — Establishment of the Northwestern Territory — War with the Western Tribes — Harmar's
Defeat — Scott's Expedition — St. Clair's Defeat — Conference with Brant — Wayne's Cam-
paign — Victory of the Maumee Rapids — Pacification of Greenville .... 295
III. — Explorations of Lewis and Clarke — Lieutenant Pike — Elements of Discord — Tecumseh and the Prophet organize the Tribes for a Conflict with the United States — Battle of Tippe-
canoe . . 308
IV. — War of 1812 — Disasters on the Canadian Frontier — Detroit surrendered — Defeat at the River Raisin — Dudley's Defeat — Victory of the Thames, and Death of Tecumseh . . 317
V. — Hostilities with the Creeks — Massacre at Fort Mims — Battles of Tullushatches, Talladega, Hillabee, Attasee, Emuckfau, Enotochopco, and Tohopeka — Surrender of Weatherford — Capture of Pensacola — The War ended ......... 324
VI— Treaties with the Northwestern Tribes, and Explorations of their Territories — The Chippewas — The Siuux — Cession of Indian Lands— Chippewa Agency established at Sault Ste. Marie 336
VII. — Emigration of the Eastern Cherokees sanctioned — Treaties with the Southern Tribes — Indian Bureau organized ............. 349
PERIOD VII. REMOVAL OF THE TRIBES WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI.
I. — Plan of Removal— Statistics of the Tribes 353
II. — Removal begun — Creek Difficulties— Death of the Chief Mcintosh — Treaty for the Final
Settlement — Boundary Treaties with the Northwestern Tribes ..... 361
III. — Congress authorizes the Colonizing of the Indians in the West — The Tribes generally
concur in the Plan ............. 369
IV.— The Black-Hawk War 374
V. — Subdivision of the Indian Territory among the Emigrant Tribes — Important Treaties . . 380
VI. — War with the Seminoles of Florida — Massacre of Dade's Command — Battle of the Withlacoochee — Battle of Okeechobee — Osceola — General Worth brings the War to a Close . 387
VII Removal of the Cherokees— Opposed by the Rosa Party — EfiFected peaceably by General
Scott 394
VIII, — Emigration of the Tribes, continued — Their Condition — Ravages of the Smallpox — Discords between the Eastern and Western Cherokees — Boudinot and the Ridges assassinated — Close of the First Decade of Colonization ......... 399
PERIOD VIII. INDIAN AFFAIRS SINCE THE ACQUISITION OF NEW MEXICO AND CALIFORNIA.
I. — Organization of the Territories of Kansas and Nebraska — Hostilities in California and Oregon —Sioux War of 1862-63 in Minnesota— The Cherokees in the Rebellion . . .413
II. — Operations against the Indians of New Mexico and Arizona in 1862-63-64, in 1869-72,
and in 1880 — Massacre of Friendly Apaches at Camp Grant — Comanches defeated by
Colonel Mackenzie — Victoria's Band of Apaches destroyed 420
III. — Hostilities with the Cheyennes, Arapahoes, and Sioux — Sand Creek Massacre — Powder
River War — Massacre of Colonel Fetterman's Command — Hancock's Expedition —
Powell's Engagement ............. 423
IV. — Indian Peace Commission of 1867-68 — Treaties with the Hostile Tribes — Report of the
Commissioners — General Sheridan — Renewal of Hostilities — Forsyth's Battle — Surprise
and Slaughter of Black Kettle and his Band — Cessation of the War .... 428
V. — Troubles in Montana — Piegan Massacre — Red Cloud visits Washington — Cheyenne, Arapahoe, and Wichita Chiefs visit New York and Boston — Modoc War— Black Hills
Expedition — Unlawful Order of General Sheridan — Sioux and Cheyenne War of 1876
— Destruction of Crazy Horse's Village — Battle of the Rosebud — Massacre of General
Custer's Command — Agency Indians disarmed and dismounted — Sitting Bull surren-
ders — General McKenzie destroys a Large Cheyenne Village — Bannock War — Flight of
Dull Knife's Band of Northern Cheyennes 435
VI. — Attempt to remove Joseph's Band of Nez Perces resisted — Battles of White Bird Canon
and the Clearwater — Pursuit of Joseph's Band by General Howard — Repulse of General
Gibbon — Stampede of Howard's Pack-Train — Battle of Bear-Paw Mountain, and Sur-
render of the Indians to General Miles— Troubles with the Utes — Cession of their Lands,
September 13, 1873 — Murder of Agent Meeker at the White River Agency — Attack on
Major Thornburgh's Command — Utes agree to leave Colorado and settle on a Reserva-
tion . . 442