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FINGERROOT OR CHINESE GINGER - USED FOR MEDICINAL AND CULINARY PURPOSES: HEALTH BENEFITS AND USES OF FINGERROOT



FINGERROOT, KRA CHAI, BOESENBERGIA ROTUNDA
Fingerroot is used in China only for its medicinal properties, whereas in Thailand it is cultivated for culinary and medicinal purposes. It is a member of the Zingiberaceae family so is related to  ginger, zedoary (kachur) or white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria), turmeric, and kulanjan (Alpinia galangal). It is also known as Chinese ginger, or Chinese keys, as the rhizome resembles keys on a key ring, with a globe at the top of the key-like roots or fingers which extrude from it.
  It is also known as Curcuma rotunda, Gastrochilus rotundus and Boesenbergia pandurata. It has a spicy flavour and is eaten in Thailand as a vegetable and used as a spice. The plant can grow to 60 centimetres high and is located in its wild state in dense forests. However it is cultivated throughout south-east Asia and has naturalized in many countries. The leaves are edible as is the root and rhizome, and medicinally it has been employed for many purposes in traditional medicine systems in India, Malaysia, Indonesia and other countries. Its leaves are used with those of the teak tree (Tectona grandis) to wrap tempeh in. (Tempeh is the traditional fermented soya bean cake which is eaten in Indonesia.)
  In the West this plant is grown as an ornamental as it has attractive pink flowers and is aromatic. The finger-like roots are bright yellow and their aroma comes from the camphor, methyl cinnamate, d-borneol and 1-8 cineol mainly although there are also other aromatic substances in them.


  The crushed roots and rhizomes are applied to painful parts of the body to ease rheumatic pains, and they are used internally to dispel flatulence, improve the appetite and digestion, as a remedy for dry mouths, coughs and ulcers. After giving birth a post-partum tonic is prepared from them and a paste may also be made from the roots and applied externally to the body after childbirth. The paste is also applied to piles and a lotion made from them is used for rheumatism, and muscle pains. They are also used for diarrhoea and dysentery.
  In Thailand they are used to increase male libido and are touted as being able to increase sperm and improve its quality. Tests carried out in vivo on male rats did not bear out these uses, but the rats’ testicles did increase in weight and size.
  Scientific evidence suggests that the roots may have anticancer properties, and research is still underway on these properties. They are also believed to have analgesic (mild pain relieving) properties, as well as antibacterial, antifungal, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and insecticidal properties.
  There have been investigations which suggest that the flavonoids in the roots can prevent an occurrence of dengue fever (Biorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters Vol. 16 (12) June 2006 pp.3337-40).
  Its anti-ulcerogenic properties have also been tested and found to be supported (“The methanolic extract of Boesenbergia rotunda (L) Mansf. and its major compound pinostrobin induces anti-ulcerogenic property in vivo: Possible involvement of indirect antioxidant action”, Siddiq I. Abdelwahab et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, July 2011).
  Its anti-cancer properties were documented in a study by Chandra Kirana et al in the Journal of Natural Medicine Vol. 61 (2007) pp. 131-137 “Anticancer properties of panduratin A isolated from Boesenbergia pandurata (Zingiberaceae)” which concluded with the statement that this “may have a protective effect against colon cancer” but it needed further investigation for this claim and to ascertain if it was effective against other types of cancer cells particularly those of breast cancer.
  In 2011 Shiau-Chuen Cheah et al showed that the tests were valid in an article “Panduratin A Inhibits the Growth of A 549 Cells through Induction of Apoptosis and Inhibition of NF-KappaB Translocation” published in Molecules, 2011 Vol.16 pp.2583-2598.
  Research is still continuing into this Chinese medicinal herb.
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FINGERROOT AND ITS EXCEPTIONAL BENEFITS

Fingerroot, which is botanically known as Boesenbergia rotunda, Curcuma rotunda L., Kaempferia pandurata Roxb., B. pandurata or Gastrochilus panduratum RIDL. and popularly known as Chinese ginger, temu kunci, Chinese keys or lesser galangal is a culinary and medicinal herb from Asia.

Different countries have different names for the fingerroot for example, the Manipuri people call it Yai-macha, Indonesian people call it temu kunci, Thai people call it krà.tɕʰāːj, krachai or กระชาย, Thai ginseng while the Cambodians call it Khmer: ខ្ជាយ or k’cheay.

Fingerroot is from the Zingiberaceae or ginger family that comprises of more than 1300 species of spicy perennial herbs with creeping horizontal and tuberous rhizomes.

The word fingerroot is attributed to its similar shape with multiple fingers meeting at a central point. It is a excellent source of flavonoid compounds and essential oils that have been reported highly valuable due to its pharmacological and biological properties such as anti-oxidizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, antimicrobial, anti-cancer and antibacterial. Due to these essential properties of this rhizome, it is normally used for treating various ailments and diseases.
Nutritional Value of Fingerroot

Fingerroot is an excellent source of essential vitamins and minerals such as sodium, potassium, dietary fiber, iron, vitamin C, flavonoids, prenyl and essential oils (EOs).
Benefits of Fingerroot

Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases
Due to the efficacy of fingerroot, this rhizome is used in folk medicine for treating gastrointestinal diseases such as stomach ache, diarrhea, flatulence, dyspepsia and colic disorder. Pimpinella anisum (anise) and fingerroot can be blended together and used for treating constipation and bloating. It is also effective for strengthening the stomach. Fingerroot is carminative in nature and has been proven effective for preventing formation of gas in the gastrointestinal tracts. It also helps to expel gas from the intestinal tracts thus combating flatulence.

Antiviral Properties
Fingerroot is antiviral in nature and as such very effective for tackling viruses such as cough, chest infections, cold and asthma. For treating these viruses, chew slices of fingerroot together with areca catechu nuts.

Diuretic Properties
This rhizome can be combined with Pimpinella anisum (anise) and used as a diuretic for children. Diuretics promote easy passage of urine.

Anti-anthelmintic Properties
Fingerroot is anti-anthelmintic in nature and as such very effective for expelling parasitic worms. The rhizome can be blended together with coconut milk and used for destroying and expelling helminths. The extract of fingerroot is effective against protozoan parasites, roundworms, Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica.

Anti-inflammatory Properties
Fingerroot contains anti-inflammatory properties and as such very effective for treating rheumatism, muscle pain, gout and arthritic pain. It is also used traditionally for reducing inflammation in women’s uterus.

Treatment of Vaginal Infection
The rhizomes of Boesenbergia rotunda when combined with other herbs and spices can be used for treating vaginal infections. Vaginal infection is a common female condition caused by fungus candida, yeast, STDs, bacteria and hygiene products etc. Symptoms include swelling, rashes, itching and inflammation. Fingerroot is also used for treating leukorrhea, which is marked by yellowish or whitish discharge of mucus from the vagina.

Preparation of Jamu Herbal Medicine
Fingerroot is used specially for preparing a popular Indonesian herbal medicine known as Jamu. Jamu is prepared mainly from raw materials such as plants leaves, seeds, roots, bark, fruits, flowers, honey, ayam kampung eggs, royal jelly and milk. Jamu is also used by Indonesian women after childbirth for strengthening their uterus.

Dental Care
This rhizome is effective for dental care and as such can be used for tackling dental caries (tooth decay, cavities), mouth odor, denture stomatitis, mouth irritation, tooth and gum diseases. Fingerroot is also used for treating halitosis (fetor oris or bad breath), which is a condition characterized by noticeable unpleasant odor when exhaling breath. This is usually caused by the odour from the stomach, esophagus, tonsil and nose.

Antiseptic Properties
Fingerroot can be used as used as an antiseptic for treating and healing wounds. Antiseptics help to prevent infections as well as help to retard or stop the growth of microorganisms or germs.

Antibacterial Properties
Fingerroot is known for its strong antibacterial properties and as such effective for tackling bacteria.

Anti-ulcer activity
Researchers reveal that the methanol extract of fingerroot and its bioactive compounds showed protective effect on in vivo gastric ulceration induced by ethanol in rats. The gastric mucus contents were increased thus reducing the area of gastric ulcer formation and inhibiting leukocytes infiltration on the gastric wall. Fingerroot is effective for treating peptic ulcer.

Aphrodisiac Properties
Fingerroot is an aphrodisiac thus helps to stimulate sexual urge. It is used mainly in Thailand for stimulating sexual desires.

Alleviates Allergies
Fingerroot leaves are used for reducing the effects of food allergies and poisoning.

Anti-microbial Properties
Aqueous extracts of fingerroot contain antimicrobial properties and as such effective for inhibiting the growth of foodborne pathogens such as E. coli.

Anti-Mutagenic Properties
Cooked food and processed food products contain mutagens that can cause genetic mutation thereby leading to chromosomal and DNA damages. This eventually leads to cancer risks. Researchers reveal that fingeroot contains antimutagenic effects.

Anticancer Properties
Cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths all over the world. Regardless the extensive studies on this subject, researchers are still facing challenges in unravelling a successful solution. However, researchers are presently diversifying into  the use of plants and herbs as a potential solution for anticancer drugs invention. Fingerroot and Zingiber aromaticum have been reported effective for inhibiting MCF-7 breast cancer.

Antileukemia Properties
Fingeroot is antileukemic in nature and as such have been proven effective for counteracting the effects of leukemia. The extracts of the rhizome can be used for treating one or more types of leukemia.

Anti-fungal Properties
Fingeroot contains antifungal properties and as such its chloroform extract have been proven to inhibit the spread of Candida species such as Microsporum gypseum and Candida neoformans. It is also important to note that individuals suffering from HIV/AIDS are susceptible to fungal infections such as Candidiasis and this suggests why the rhizome is used highly in Thailand by HIV/AIDS patients.

Anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus (Anti-FMDV)
In Thailand, fingerroot is used in folk medicine as an anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus. The foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) is caused by a picornavirus, which is sensitive to acids. It can be inactivated by exposure to low pH conditions.

Wound Healing Properties
Fingerroot contains bioactive compounds that can inhibit, alleviate or treat several diseases. The ethanolic extracts of fingerroot have been proven effective for speeding up wound healing. Studies reveal that wounds dressed with fingerroot extract and intrasite gel heal very fast. Moreover, healed wounds dressed with fingerroot extract show little or no scar as well as contain more collagen with angiogenesis and less inflammatory cells.

Acts as a Febrifuge
Fingerroot acts as a febrifuge and as such used for preparing herbal medicines for reducing fever and cold.

Culinary Purposes
Fingerroot is very aromatic and as such used in different cuisines for cooking assorted dishes such kaeng tai pla, kroeung pastes, porridges, stews and soups. Fingerroot helps to boost appetite.

DISCLAIMER
This post is for enlightenment purposes only and should not be used as a replacement for professional diagnosis and treatments. Remember to always consult your healthcare provider before making any health-related decisions or for counselling, guidance and treatment about a specific medical condition.

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