This Billon Jital coin was issued under Ghiyath al din Mahmud bin Muhammad (AH 602-609, 1206-1212 AD) of the Ghurid (Ghorid) dynasty of Ghore.

Tye catalogue suggests, it was minted in "Shafurqan?"  I think, present-day ”Sheberghan” in northern Afghanistan, is one of the possibilities of "Shafurqan".

The design is Falconer type.  It was minted in Hindu style, but it has an Arabic legends.  It was minted by Islamic government.    

The Numista rarity index of Numista-130198, is "92".   The index of "92" is too high, I think.     Well struck and well preserved.


Mu'izz al din Mohammed bin Sam was the Sultan of Ghurid Empire.  He is credited with laying the foundation of Muslim rule in the Indian subcontinent, which

lasted for several centuries.  He reigned over a territory spanning over parts of now Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Northern India, Pakistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan.

He took the city of Ghazni in 1173 and used it as a launching pad for expansion into northern India.  In 1175, he captured Multan from Hamid Ludi dynasty, and also

took Uch in 1175.  After consolidating his rule in the North-West domain, he wish to invade the heart of Northern India which was them under the control of Rajputs.

In 1191 AD, he was defeated by a united Rajput Confederacy led by Prithviraj Chauhan.  However in 1192 CE,  Shihabuddin returned with an army of mounted archers

and defeated the Rajputs under Prithviraj, opening the way to occupy most of Northern India within a generation.  The battle also lead to a large destruction of Hindu

powers in North India and firmly established a Muslim presence.

In 1206, he left all the affairs in India in hands of his slave Qutb al din Aibak.  On his way back to Ghazni, his caraban rested at Dhamiak.  He was assassinated on

15th March 1206 AD, while offering his evening prayers.


Ghiyath al din Mahmud was Sultan of the Ghurid Empire from 1206 to 1212.  He was son of Ghiyath al din Muhammad.  When Mu'izz al din Muhammad was

assassinated in 1206 in India, the Ghurid Empire fell into civil war; the Turkic ghulams supported Ghiyath.  Ghiyath managed to defeat all and crown himself as Sultan 

of the Ghurid Empire.  Muhammad invaded the Ghurid heartland of Ghur, and captured Ghiyath.  Ghiyath agreed to recognize Muhammad's authority, and remained 

ruler of the Ghurid dynasty until he was assassinated in 1212.  He was succeeded by his son Baha al din Sam III.

[The above explanations are quoted from Wikipedia on each item.]


I will attach share free historical maps of "Ghurid territory before the assassination of Muhammad of Ghore" and of "Asian polities in c. 1215".     Sheberghan City

is located at (36.6728, 65.7428) in the google location system. I will attach some photos of it from the google map system and from the google street view system.  


Billon Jital coin.   Well struck and well preserved.

Provenance : Ex Mr. Robert Tye, Great Numismatist, in Yorkshire, UK in 1990. 

Design : Falconer type horseman. /

               An Arabic legend of " السلطان الاعظم علا الدنيا و الدين ابو الفتى محمد بن السلظان   " (es-sultan el-a'zam 'Ala ed-dunya wa ed-din abu el-fateh Mahmud bin es-sultan).

               ⇒ The very great sultan, Glory of the world and of the faith, father of the conquest, Mahmud, son of sultan. 

Catalog number is  Tye-144, MI-920, Zeno-54725, and Numista-130198+.    

       Tye catalogue is "Jitals, A catalogue and account of the coin denomination of daily use in Medieval Afghanistan and north west India", written by Robert & Monica Tye,

       published by Robert Tye in Isle of South Uist, in 1995.

       MI catalogue is "Oriental coins and their values, The World of Islam", written by Michael Mitchiner, published by Hawkins Publications in London in 1977.

       Zeno on line catalogue is "Zeno. Ru - Oriental Coins Database".

       Numista catalogue is "Coin Catalogue-Numista" , a unique platform to learn, collect, swap and share about numismatics.

Size : 14 x 14 mm.　　Weight : 2.76 gr.


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