c. 1930s CHINA EXPORT STERLING SILVER YE CHENG CO FATMAN & DRAGON $1 COIN DISHES

FROM YE CHENG COMPANY CHINESE EXPORT

STRUCK AT CHIN MINT (PEIYANG ARSENAL). TIENTSIN

MARKED Y.C. COMPANY STERLING ON RIM

TOTAL WEIGHT: 123.5 GRAMS OF STERLING SILVER

DIMENSIONS: 83 MM X 83 MM

HEIGHT: 9 MM


IMPERIAL DRAGON DISH 1:

EMPIRE OF CHINA - QING (CH'ING) OR MANCHU DYNASTY (1644-1912)

REIGN OF THE GUANGXU (KWANG-HSU) EMPEROR (1875-1908)

RULER: KUANG-HSU

OBV: INNER BEADED CIRCLE CENTER INSCRIPTION "KUANG-HSU YUAN-PAO" AND PROVINCIAL MARKINGS.

REV: WITHIN BEADED CIRCLE SIDE VIEW OF IMPERIAL DRAGON WITH HEAD FACING, CELESTIAL LAPEARL CENTER AND SURROUNDED BY STYLIZED CLOUDS; ENGLISH LEGEND ABOVE "34TH YEAR OF KUANG HSU.

STRUCK AT CHIN MINT (PEIYANG ARSENAL). TIENTSIN

FATMAN DISH 2:

UAN SHIKAI (SHIH KAI) - "BIG HEAD" OR "FATMAN" CHINA DOLLAR (YUAN)

YEAR THREE OF THE REPUBLIC (1914)

OBV: UNIFORMED BARE HEAD PROFILE BUST OF YUAN SHIKAI LEFT, SIX CHARACTER CHINESE LEGEND ABOVE.

REV: DENOMINATION CENTER, WREATH OF RICE EARS BOWED.

Y # 329

YUAN SHIKAI (1859-1916), WAS A GENERAL AND POLITICIAN OF THE LATE QIN DYNASTY AND AUTOCRATIC FIRST PESIDENT OF THE CHINESE REPUBLIC. THE REVOLUTIONARIES THAT ENDED THE QING DYNASTY ELECTED SUN YAT-SEN AS PROVISIONAL PRESIDENT OF THE NEW REPUBLIC, BUT YUAN SHIKAI ARRANGED FOR THE ABDICATION OF THE CHILD EMPEROR PUYI AS LONG AS THE MILITARILY WEAK REVOLUTIONARIES AGREED TO GRANT HIM THE PRESIDENCY. HE SERVED AS PROVISIONAL PRESIDENT FROM MARCH 1912 TO DECEMBER 1915. IN FEBRUARY OF 1913, DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS WERE HELD FOR THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, AND THE KUOMINTANG (CHINESE NATIONALIST PARTY) WON MANY VICTORIES. SONG JIAOREN, FOUNDER OF THE KMT, WAS ASSASSINATED SOON AFTERWARDS, AND ALL TRAILS POINTED TO YUAN SHIKAI AS BEING RESPONSIBLE FOR ORDERING HIS DEATH. DUE TO LACK OF EVIDENCE, AND THE DISAPPEARANCE OR ASSASSINATION OF WITNESSES, NO CHARGES WERE LEVIED AGAINST THE PRESIDENT.

IN 1913, YUAN SHIKAI STARTED TO SYSTEMATICALLY DISSEMBLE THE KUOMINTANG BY SUPPRESSION AND BRIBERY IN THE ASSEMBLY. SUN YAT-SEN FLED TO JAPAN AND CALLED FOR A SECOND REVOLUTION AGAINST YUAN SHIKAI. BY USING THE MILITARY, SHIKAI DISSOLVED THE NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL ASSEMBLIES AND DISMISSED THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS, REPLACED THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND SENATE WITH A "COUNCIL OF STATE" MADE UP OF HIS LIEUTENANTS, PUBLICLY LABELED THE KUOMINTANG "SEDITIOUS" AND ORDERED IT DISSOLVED, AND HAD HIMSELF ELECTED PRESIDENT FOR A FIVE-YEAR TERM.

IN 1914, THE YEAR THIS COIN WAS STRUCK, CHINA'S PARLIAMENT WAS OFFICIALLY DISSOLVED. BY MAY OF THAT YEAR, A 66 MAN CONVENTION, MADE UP OF TRUSTED MEN FROM THE PRESIDENT'S CABINET, PRODUCED A "CONSTITUTIONAL COMPACT" REPLACING THE PROVISIONAL CONSTITUTION AND GIVING YUAN SHIKAI UNRIVALED POWERS. THE SECOND REVOLUTION'S UPRISINGS WERE CRUSHED BY FORCES LOYAL TO YUAN SHIKAI, AND ENDED WITH HIS DOMINATION OVER THE MILITARY AND CIVIL AUTHORITIES, FINANCE AND THE RIGHTS OF CITIZENS. HE DECENTRALIZED AUTHORITY, APPOINTING MILITARY GOVERNORS OVER EACH PROVINCE WITH THEIR OWN ARMY. THIS LAID THE FOUNDATION FOR WARLORDISM THAT WOULD CRIPPLE CHINA FOR DECADES TO COME.

IN 1915, SHIKAI TIED TO REVIVE THE MONARCHY AND ALSO ESTABLISH HIMSELF AS "GREAT EMPEROR OF CHINA", BUT WAS UNSUCCESSFUL, AND AT HIS DEATH FROM UREMIA IN 1916, CHINA FRAGMENTED INTO FACTIONS OF COMPETING STRONGMEN, WHICH IS WHY YUAN SHIKAI IS KNOWN AS "THE FATHER OF WARLORDS".

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