Czech Republic - Czechoslovakia 600th Anniversary of foundation of
Charles University 1948 Silver 100 Korun 30mm (13.80 grams)
0.500 Silver (0.2251 oz. ASW) Reference: KM# 33, Schön# 38 |
Engraver: Otakar Španiel Certification:
NGC UNC DETAILS 2863161-004 REPUBLIKA ČESKOSLOVENSKÁ
1948, Coat-of-arms of Czechoslovakia. ŠEST SET LET UNIVERSITY KARLOVY
1348 100, Emperor Charles IV kneeling before Duke Wenceslas, shields at
left.
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Charles
University, known also as
Charles University in Prague (Czech:
Univerzita Karlova (UK);
Latin: Universitas Carolina;
German: Karls-Universität) or
historically as the University of Prague
(Latin: Universitas Pragensis),
is the oldest and largest university in the
Czech Republic. is one of the oldest
universities in Europe in continuous operation.
the university consists of 17 faculties located
in Prague, Hradec Králové, and Pilsen. The
Charles University belongs to top three
universities in Central and Eastern Europe. It
is ranked around 200-300 in the world.
The
establishment of a medieval university in Prague
was inspired by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV.
asked his friend and ally, Pope Clement VI, to
do so. On 26 January 1347 the pope issued the
bull establishing a university in Prague,
modeled on the University of Paris, with the
full (4) number of faculties, that is including
a theological faculty. On 7 April 1348 Charles,
the king of Bohemia, gave to the established
university privileges and immunities from the
secular power in a Golden Bull on 14 January
1349 he repeated that as the King of the Romans.
Most Czech sources since the 19th
century—encyclopedias, general histories,
materials of the University itself—prefer to
give 1348 as the year of the founding of the
university, rather than 1347 or 1349. This was
caused by an anticlerical shift in the 19th
century, shared by both Czechs and Germans.
The university was opened in 1349. The university was sectioned into
parts called nations: the Bohemian, Bavarian, Polish and Saxon.
The Bohemian natio included Bohemians, Moravians, southern
Slavs, and Hungarians; the Bavarian included Austrians, Swabians,
natives of Franconia and of the Rhine provinces; the Polish included
Silesians, Poles, Ruthenians; the Saxon included inhabitants of the
Margravate of Meissen, Thuringia, Upper and Lower Saxony, Denmark, and
Sweden. Czech students made 16–20% of all students. Arnošt of Pardubice
took an active part in the foundation by obliging the clergy to
contribute and became a chancellor of the university (i.e., director or
manager). The first graduate was promoted in 1359. The lectures
were held in the colleges, of which the oldest was named for the king
the Carolinum, established in 1366. In 1372 the Faculty of Law
became an independent university. In 1402 Jerome of Prague in Oxford
copied out the Dialogus and Trialogus of John
Wycliffe. The dean of the philosophical faculty, Jan Hus, translated
Trialogus into the Czech language. In 1403 the university forbade
its members to follow the teachings of Wycliffe, but his doctrine
continued to gain in popularity. In the Western Schism, the
Bohemian natio took the side of king Wenceslaus and supported
the Council of Pisa (1409). The other nationes of the
university declared their support for the side of Pope Gregory XII, thus
the vote was 1:3 against the Bohemians. Hus and other Bohemians, though,
took advantage of Wenceslaus' opposition to Gregory. By the Decree of
Kutná Hora (German: Kuttenberg) on 18 January 1409,
the king subverted the university constitution by granting the Bohemian
masters three votes. Only a single vote was left for all other three
nationes combined, compared to one vote per each natio
before. The result of this coup was the emigration of foreign
(mostly German) professors and students, founding the University of
Leipzig in May 1409. Before that, in 1408, the university had about 200
doctors and magisters, 500 bachelors, and 30,000 students ; it now lost
a large part of this number, accounts of the loss varying from 5000 to
20,000 including 46 professors. the autumn of 1409, Hus was elected
rector of the now Czech-dominated rump university. Thus, the
Prague university lost the largest part of its students and faculty.
From then on the university declined to a merely regional institution
with a very low status. in 1419, the faculties of theology and law
disappeared, and only the faculty of arts remained in existence.
The
Czech Republic also known by its short-form name, Czechia, is
a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west,
Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast.
The Czech Republic covers an area of 78,866 square kilometres
(30,450 sq mi) with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic
climate. It is a unitary parliamentary republic, with 10.6 million
inhabitants; its capital and largest city is Prague, with 1.3 million
residents. Other major cities are Brno, Ostrava, Olomouc and Pilsen. The
Czech Republic is a member of the European Union (EU), NATO, the OECD,
the United Nations, the OSCE, and the Council of Europe.
It is a
developed country with an advanced, high income export-oriented social
market economy based in services, manufacturing and innovation. The UNDP
ranks the country 14th in inequality-adjusted human development. The
Czech Republic is a welfare state with a "continental" European social
model, a universal health care system, tuition-free university education
and is ranked 14th in the Human Capital Index. It ranks as the 6th
safest or most peaceful country and is one of the most non-religious
countries in the world, while achieving strong performance in democratic
governance. ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png)
Following
the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually
integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy alongside the Archduchy of Austria
and the Kingdom of Hungary. The Protestant Bohemian Revolt (1618-20)
against the Catholic Habsburgs led to the Thirty Years' War. After the
Battle of the White Mountain, the Habsburgs consolidated their rule,
eradicated Protestantism and reimposed Catholicism, and also adopted a
policy of gradual Germanization. This contributed to the anti-Habsburg
sentiment. A long history of resentment of the Catholic Church followed
and still continues. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in
1806, the Bohemian Kingdom became part of the German Confederation
1815-1866 as part of Austrian Empire (1804 to 1867) and the Czech
language experienced a revival as a consequence of widespread romantic
nationalism. In the 19th century, the Czech lands became the industrial
powerhouse of the monarchy and were subsequently the core of the
Republic of Czechoslovakia, which was formed in 1918 following the
collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after World War I.
Czechoslovakia remained the only democracy in this part of Europe in the
interwar period. However, the Czech part of Czechoslovakia was occupied
by Germany in World War II, while the Slovak region became the Slovak
Republic; Czechoslovakia was liberated in 1945 by the armies of the
Soviet Union and the United States. Most of the three millions of the
German-speaking minority were expelled following the war. The Communist
Party of Czechoslovakia won the 1946 elections and after the 1948 coup
d'état, Czechoslovakia became a one-party communist state under Soviet
influence. In 1968, increasing dissatisfaction with the regime
culminated in a reform movement known as the Prague Spring, which ended
in a Soviet-led invasion. Czechoslovakia remained occupied until the
1989 Velvet Revolution, when the communist regime collapsed and market
economy was reintroduced. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully
dissolved, with its constituent states becoming the independent states
of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic joined NATO in
1999 and the EU in 2004.
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