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Specimen: Rare , bamboo like arborescent horsetail older type of foliage: Calamariophyllum namurianum PURKYNOVA - Namurian spercies !
Locality: All detailed and accurate data will be provided with the specimen
Stratigraphy: Lower Carboniferous / Namurian A
Age: ca. 325 Mya
Matrix dimensions: ca. 12,0 x 4,0 x 2,0 cm ( white square on pictures is 1,0 x 1,0 cm )
Description:
Calamite foliage as Asterophyllites or Annularia are well know. Calamariophyllum sp. foliage is rarer , so very rarely mentioned in paleobotany books .
The trunks of Calamites had a distinctive segmented, bamboo-like appearance and vertical ribbing. The branches, leaves and cones were all borne in whorls. The leaves were needle-shaped, with up to 25 per whorl.
Their trunks produced secondary xylem, meaning they were made of wood. The vascular cambium of Calamites was unifacial, producing secondary xylem towards the stem center, but not secondary phloem.
The stems of modern horsetails are typically hollow or contain numerous elongated air-filled sacs. Calamites was similar in that its trunk and stems were hollow, like wooden tubes. When these trunks buckled and broke, they could fill with sediment. This is the reason pith casts of the inside of Calamites stems are so common as fossils.
Calamites is a genus of extinct arborescent (tree-like) horsetails to which the modern horsetails (genus Equisetum) are closely related. Unlike their herbaceous modern cousins, these plants were medium-sized trees, growing to heights of more than 30 meters (100 feet). They were components of the understories of coal swamps of the Carboniferous period.
Annularia are the leaf whorls of an extinct horsetail. They would have grown on plants with stems like Calamites. A genus of fossil plants; star-leaf: so called from the stellated disposition of the leaves around the branches. They abound in the coal measures, and are believed to be the branches of the Calamites or Calamodendron.
Systematic:
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Division: Gymnospermatophyta
Class: Equisetinae
Order: Calamitales
Genus: Calamariophyllum
Species: Calamariophyllum namurianum PURKYNOVA