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Pentax

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Pentax Corporation
ペンタックス株式会社
Pentax Logo.svg
PENTAX head office tokyo 2009.JPG
Pentax head office in Itabashi-ku, Tokyo
Type Public TYO: 7750 (–2007); Subsidiary of Hoya Corporation (2007–2008)
Industry Imaging
Founded November 1919; 102 years ago
Tokyo, Japan
Defunct March 31, 2008; 13 years ago
Fate Merged into Hoya Corporation and IBM Corporation (currently health care division of Hoya and IBM); imaging division resold to Ricoh
Successor Pentax Ricoh Imaging Company Ltd. (2011-present)
Headquarters Tokyo, Japan
Area served Worldwide
Key people
Fumio Urano (President & CEO)
Ganesh Ramaswamy (Global President, Pentax Medical, Hoya Corporation)
Products Cameras and photographic equipment; binoculars, spotting scopes and telescopes; medical fiberscopes and endoscopes; medical fine ceramics products; information and communications products; components; industrial products; eyeglass lenses
Revenue Increase JP¥157.3 billion (Business year ending March 31, 2007)
Net income Increase JP¥3.57 billion
Number of employees 1,661 (as of March 31, 2005; non-consolidated Pentax Corp. only)
Website Pentax
Pentax (ペンタックス, Pentakkusu) is a brand name used primarily by the Japanese multinational imaging and electronics company Ricoh for DSLR cameras, lenses, sport optics (including binoculars and rifle scopes), and CCTV optics. The Pentax brand is also used by Hoya Corporation for medical products & services,[1] TI Asahi for surveying instruments,[2] and Seiko Optical Products for certain optical lenses.[3]


Contents
1 Corporate history
1.1 Early history
1.2 Early 1950s to 2007
1.3 Merger with Hoya
1.4 Ricoh Imaging Company
2 Products
3 Corporate cooperation and competition
4 Europe and Asia
5 North America
6 Subsidiaries
6.1 Asia
6.2 Europe
6.3 North America
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
Corporate history
Early history
The company was founded as Asahi Kogaku Goshi Kaisha in November 1919 by Kumao Kajiwara, at a shop in the Toshima suburb of Tokyo, and began producing spectacle lenses (which it still manufactures).[4] In 1938 it changed its name to Asahi Optical Co., Ltd. (旭光学工業株式会社, Asahi Kōgaku Kōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha), and by this time it was also manufacturing camera/cine lenses. In the lead-up to World War II, Asahi Optical devoted much of its time to fulfilling military contracts for optical instruments. At the end of the war, Asahi Optical was disbanded by the occupying powers, being allowed to re-form in 1948. The company resumed its pre-war activities, manufacturing binoculars and consumer camera lenses for Konishiroku and Chiyoda Kōgaku Seikō (later Konica and Minolta respectively).

Early 1950s to 2007
The period around 1950 marked the return of the Japanese photographic industry to the vigorous level of the late 1930s, and its emergence as a major exporter. The newly reborn industry had sold many of its cameras to the occupation forces (having had far more disposable income than the Japanese), which were well received.[5] The Korean War saw a huge influx of journalists and photographers to the Far East, where they were impressed by lenses from companies such as Nikon and Canon for their Leica rangefinder cameras, and also by bodies by these and other companies to supplement and replace the Leica and Contax cameras they were using.


Zeiss Ikon Pentax prototype with a Carl Zeiss Jena Tessar lens
In 1952 Asahi Optical introduced its first camera, the Asahiflex (the first Japanese SLR using 35mm film). The name "Pentax" was originally a registered trademark of the East German VEB Zeiss Ikon (from "Pentaprism" and "Contax") and acquired by the Asahi Optical company in 1957. Since then the company has been primarily known for its photographic products, distributed 35mm equipment under the name "Asahi Pentax" and medium format 120 6x7cm equipment under the sub brand "Pentax 6x7" (from 1969 to 1990) and "Pentax 67" (from 1990 to 1999). Equipment was exported to the United States from the 1950s until the mid-1970s by Honeywell Corporation and branded as "Heiland Pentax" and later "Honeywell Pentax". The company was renamed Pentax Corporation in 2002. It was one of the world's largest optical companies, producing still cameras, binoculars, spectacle lenses, and a variety of other optical instruments. In 2004, Pentax had about 6000 employees.

Merger with Hoya
In December 2006, Pentax started the process of merging with Hoya Corporation to form 'Hoya Pentax HD Corporation'.[6] Hoya's primary goal was to strengthen its medical-related business by taking advantage of Pentax's technologies and expertise in the field of endoscopes, intraocular lenses, surgical loupes, biocompatible ceramics, etc. It was speculated that Pentax's camera business could be sold off after the merger. A stock swap was to be completed by October 1, 2007, but the process was called off on April 11, 2007. Pentax president Fumio Urano resigned over the matter, with Takashi Watanuki taking over as president of Pentax.[7] However, despite Watanuki's previously stated opposition to a Hoya merger, on May 16 it was reported that Pentax had accepted "with conditions" a sweetened offer from Hoya, according to a source familiar with the matter.[8] Pentax was under increasing pressure from its major shareholders, Sparx Asset Management in particular, to accept Hoya's bid.

On August 6, 2007, Hoya completed a friendly public tender offer for Pentax and acquired 90.59% of the company.[9] On August 14, 2007, the company became a consolidated subsidiary of Hoya. On October 29, 2007, Hoya and Pentax announced that Pentax would merge with and into Hoya effective on March 31, 2008.[10] Hoya closed the Pentax-owned factory in Tokyo, and moved all manufacturing facilities to Cebu, Philippines and Hanoi, Vietnam.[11]

Ricoh Imaging Company
Japanese optical glass-maker Hoya Corporation stated on July 1, 2011, that it would sell its Pentax camera business to copier and printer maker Ricoh, in a deal the Nikkei business daily reported was worth about 10 billion yen ($124.2 million).[12] On July 29, 2011, Hoya transferred its Pentax imaging systems business to a newly established subsidiary called Pentax Imaging Corporation. On October 1, 2011, Ricoh acquired all shares of Pentax Imaging Corp. and renamed the new subsidiary Pentax Ricoh Imaging Company, Ltd.[13] Hoya will continue to use the Pentax brand name for their medical related products such as endoscopes. On August 1, 2013, the company name was changed to Ricoh Imaging Company Ltd.[14]

Products
Main articles: Pentax cameras and Pentax (lens)
The corporation is best known for its "Pentax" brand cameras, starting with the pivotal "Asahi Pentax" single-lens reflex camera of 1957. Asahi's first series of cameras, the Asahiflex of 1952, had been the first Japanese-made SLRs for 35mm film, and the Asahiflex IIB of 1954 the first Japanese SLR with an instant-return mirror. The Asahi Pentax itself was the first Japanese fixed-pentaprism SLR. In 1969 under the sub-brand "Pentax 6x7", the company started to produce medium format 120 6x7cm cameras. In 1990 the company renamed the sub-brand from "Pentax 6x7" to "Pentax 67". The company produced Pentax 67 cameras until 1999 and ceased distribution in 2002. The success of the "Pentax" series was such that the business eventually renamed itself "Pentax Corporation" after the 35mm product line. Although the corporation ultimately merged into Hoya Corporation, it eventually was purchased by Ricoh, which continues to develop and market digital cameras under the Pentax brand. Currently, Pentax DSLRs are manufactured in Cebu, Philippines, while digital Pentax lenses are manufactured in Hanoi, Vietnam, under Pentax Ricoh Imaging Products.[15]

Corporate cooperation and competition
In 2005, Pentax Corporation partnered with Samsung[16] to share work on camera technology and recapture market ground from Nikon and Canon.[17] Pentax and Samsung subsequently released new DSLR siblings from this agreement. The Pentax *ist DS and *istDL2 also appeared as the Samsung GX-1S and GX-1L, while the jointly developed (90% Pentax and 10% Samsung) Pentax K10D and K20D gave birth to the Samsung GX-10 and GX-20 respectively. Some Pentax lenses are also rebranded and sold as Samsung Schneider Kreuznach D-Xenon and D-Xenogon lenses for Samsung DSLRs. However, both brands are completely compatible with Pentax and Samsung DSLRs. In 2017, Samsung announced its departure of the camera market.[18]

Hoya is focusing its main business on the following areas: information technology, eye care, life care, optics, imaging systems. Pentax’s main competitors include Canon, Nikon, Olympus, Panasonic, Sony (imaging/camera business), Fujifilm, Sangi, Kyocera (life care business).

Europe and Asia
Asahi Pentax (all 35mm equipment) Pentax 6x7 (medium format 120 6x7cm equipment from 1969 to 1990) Pentax 67 (medium format 120 6x7cm equipment from 1990 to 1999)

North America
Honeywell Pentax (medium format 120 6x7cm equipment from 1969 to 1990)

Subsidiaries
Asia
Pentax Industrial Instruments Co., Ltd.
Pentax Optotech Co., Ltd.
Pentax Service, Co., Ltd.
Pentax Fukushima Co., Ltd.
Pentax Tohoku Co., Ltd.
Pentax Trading (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd.
Pentax (Shanghai) Corporation
Pentax Hong Kong Ltd.
Pentax Cebu Philippines Corporation
Pentax VN Co., Ltd.
Europe
Pentax Europe GmbH
Pentax U.K. Ltd.
Pentax France S.A.
Pentax Schweiz AG
Pentax Scandinavia AB
Pentax Nederland B.V.
Pentax Europe n.v.
North America
Pentax of America Inc. (Pentax Medical Company)
Pentax of America Inc. (Pentax Imaging Company)
Pentax of America Inc.
Pentax Medical Company
Pentax Imaging Company
Microline Pentax Inc.
Pentax Canada Inc.
KayPentax (Pentax Medical Company)
Pentax Teknologies.
See also
Companies portal
Asahi Pentax
Asahiflex
List of digital camera brands
List of Pentax products
List of photographic equipment makers
Pentax cameras
Pentax lenses
Notes
 Pentax Medical Company and Pentax New Ceramics
 TI Asahi
 Seiko Optical Products Archived 2012-04-21 at the Wayback Machine
 "History of Pentax Corporation". Derek J. White.
 Deschin, Jacob. "JAPANESE CAMERA". published in the New York Times of December 10, 1950.
 "HOYA and PENTAX Reach Basic Understanding for Management Integration" (PDF). Hoya. 2006-12-21. Retrieved 2007-04-12.
 "Pentax scraps Hoya deal, picks new boss". The Asahi shimbun. 2007-04-11. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-04-12.
 "Pentax to accept Hoya offer with conditions: source". Reuters. 2007-05-16. Retrieved 2007-05-18.
 "Notice Regarding the Results of the Tender Offer for the Shares of Pentax Corporation and Change of Subsidiary" (PDF). Hoya Corporation. 2007-08-07. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
 "Public Notice of Execution of Merger Agreement" (PDF). Pentax Corporation. 2007-10-29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-09. Retrieved 2007-10-31.
 https://www.pentaxforums.com/forums/137-photographic-industry-professionals/390277-info-about-ricoh-s-factory-vietnam.html
 "Reuters Ricoh to buy Pentax." Ricoh to buy Pentax from Hoya. July 1, Retrieved 2011 July 1, 2011.
 Ricoh Establishes PENTAX RICOH IMAGING COMPANY, LTD.
 COMPANY NAME CHANGE.
 "Ricoh Establishes PENTAX RICOH I".
 "PENTAX and Korea's Samsung Techwin reach an agreement to jointly develop lens-interchangeable digital SLR cameras". Pentax. 2005-10-12. Archived from the original on 2006-10-13. Retrieved 2006-01-31.
 "Samsung and Pentax to co-develop DSLRs". dpreview.com. 2005-10-12. Retrieved 2011-06-28.
 "Samsung leaving the digital camera market".
References
The Japanese Historical Camera. 日本の歴史的カメラ (Nihon no rekishiteki kamera). 2nd ed. Tokyo: JCII Camera Museum, 2004.
Cecchi, Danilo (1991). Asahi Pentax and Pentax SLR 35mm Cameras 1952–1989. Sussex: Hove Photo Books. ISBN 978-0-906447-62-8.
External links

Pentax Ricoh Imaging Company (digital cameras, binoculars, etc. – Ricoh)
Pentax Medical Company (endoscopic imaging devices – Hoya)
Pentax New Ceramics (hydroxyapatite – Hoya)
Pentax Surveying Instruments (TI Asahi)
Pentax lenses (Seiko Optical Products)

Pentax Auto 110


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Pentax Auto 110 with the three original lenses.
The Pentax Auto 110 and Pentax Auto 110 Super are single-lens reflex cameras made by Asahi Pentax that use Kodak's 110 film cartridge. The Auto 110 was introduced with three interchangeable lenses in 1978. Three more lenses were introduced in 1981, and then the Super model was released in 1982. The camera system was sold until 1985. The complete system is sometimes known as the Pentax System 10, apparently for its official Pentax name, although most Pentax advertising only uses the camera name or Pentax-110. This model represented the only complete ultraminiature SLR system manufactured for the 110 film format, although several fixed-lens 110 SLRs were sold. The camera system also claims to be the smallest interchangeable-lens SLR system ever created.

The cameras and lenses were very small (the camera fits in the palm of a hand easily).


Contents
1 Auto 110
1.1 Film speed detection
2 Auto 110 Super
3 Lenses
4 Winders
5 Flash
6 Other accessories
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Auto 110

Asahi Pentax Auto 110
The Pentax Auto 110 features fully automatic exposure, with no user-settable exposure compensation or adjustments. Metering is TTL (through-the-lens) and center-weighted. Unlike 35 mm SLRs, the system's lenses do not have a built-in iris to control the aperture. Instead, an iris is mounted inside the camera body, and functions as both an aperture control and a shutter. This mechanism is capable of programmed exposures between 1/750 s at f/13.5; and 1 s at f/2.8. To ensure that light travelling past the diaphragm blades could not get through to the film over time, the camera's mirror system also functions as a light-tight seal when in the viewing and focusing position. Since the iris is part of the camera, all of the system's lenses had to be constructed with an f/2.8 aperture. The lens' designs, based upon the film dimensions, result in the 24 mm lens being the 'normal' focal length (i.e. equivalent angle of view to a 50 mm lens on a 135 format camera), while lenses of wider angles or longer focal lengths were larger.

Film speed detection
The camera detects the film speed by the presence or absence of a ridge on the cartridge, as specified in the Kodak 110 film standard. Since there is no official specification of what the film speeds should actually be—they were just "low" and "high"—film and camera manufacturers had to decide for themselves the meaning. Pentax chose ISO 80 and 320 as their settings, but commercially available films at ISO 100 and 400 are close enough to work in practice. A film with an ISO 200 speed would result in either under- or over-exposure. The exposure latitude of color print films is about 2 f/stops (meaning that a photographer could expose either 2 f/stops under or 2 f/stops over the exposure set by the camera). Unfortunately, some recently produced 110 film is rated at ISO 400, but is packaged with the ridge indicating "low". If this is the case, the ridge must be removed (by filing or cutting with a sharp blade) for the camera to expose correctly. Since only a few 110 cameras ever supported the ISO auto-selection, this does not affect the majority of cameras using the format but does affect the Pentax Auto 110. In 2012/2013 ISO 100 film has been produced and marketed under the Lomography label, and gives excellent results, without the need to modify the cartridge casing.

The camera was offered in a special edition "Safari" model, identical to the Auto 110 except for the brown-and-tan color scheme.

Auto 110 Super

Asahi Pentax Auto 110 Super

Asahi Pentax Auto 110 Super
Introduced in late 1982, the Super is identical in basic shape and size to the previous model and accepts the same lenses. Many improvements and changes were included to make this model arguably a better camera than the previous Auto 110. Film winding is improved with a single-stroke film advance lever that advances the film and cocks the shutter in one winding (the Auto 110 takes two strokes to advance the film). A switch around the shutter release button enables a new ten-second self-timer mode and a shutter lock; the self-timer activates a red light on the pentaprism housing, which flashes during the 10-second shutter release count-down. A button on the front on the user's left hand side gives a +1.5 EV (exposure value) backlit scene exposure compensation.

The optional winder offers an improved battery cover, a well-known weak component in the Auto 110. The shutter button is protected from accidental tripping by an altered casing around the button. The flash synchronization socket cover on the Super is permanently attached to the camera in an attempt to prevent loss, though many still get lost when the plastic tether breaks.

The viewfinder screen has a split image rangefinder center, surrounded by a microprism collar, whereas the Auto 110 has the split image rangefinder center only. The low light warning activates at 1/45 s (the Auto 110 activates at 1/30 s).

Lenses
The line of lenses consisted of these three at launch:

18 mm f/2.8 wide-angle lens (equivalent angle of view to a 35 mm lens on a 135 format camera).
24 mm f/2.8 normal lens (equiv. 50 mm). The optical design meant that this was the smallest lens on the system.
50 mm f/2.8 telephoto lens (equiv. 100 mm)
In 1981, three more lenses were included:

18 mm "Pan Focus" lens was a compact lens of fixed focus set to the hyperfocal distance; the short focal length and wide aperture meant that its depth of field stretched from 1.75 m (5.7 ft) to infinity. The camera aperture needed to be set at f/6.3 for this lens to work as intended.
70 mm f/2.8 telephoto lens (equiv. 140 mm)
20–40 mm f/2.8 zoom lens (equiv. 40–80 mm). This lens extended for wider focal lengths and shortened towards the telephoto end.
The three later lenses are much rarer.

Soligor also made a 1.7x teleconverter.

Lens hoods were available for all of the lenses, and Pentax sold add-on close-up lenses for macro photography and a range of filters.

The 110 lenses have found a new life with the Pentax Q system, which will accept them with an adapter, albeit with a 5.6x crop factor (effective increase in focal length).[1] The lenses can also be mounted on Panasonic/Olympus Micro Four Thirds cameras with an adapter, and the crop factor is only 2x, the same as on the original Pentax 110 body. Wherever adapted, the lenses still require manual focusing.


Pentax-110 f/2.8 18 mm

 

Pentax-110 f/2.8 24 mm

 

Pentax-110 f/2.8 20~40 mm Zoom

 

Pentax-110 f/2.8 50 mm

 

Pentax-110 f/2.8 70 mm

Winders

Pentax 110 Winder
Two models of motor winder were produced. The original 110 Winder took 2 AA batteries and could wind through 100 cartridges of 110 film with one set of batteries. It works only in single-shot mode. It takes about 1.5 s to wind a frame. The 110 Winder II, introduced in 1982, adds a continuous shooting mode and improves the battery cover door, which was fragile on the original.

Flash
A custom electronic flash unit, the AF130P, was part of the original Auto 110 system, and was produced until the camera ceased being manufactured. Pentax responded to criticism that this electronic flash unit was too large by introducing the smaller AF100P electronic flash unit in 1980. This unit, however, was never part of the Pentax camera kits and became rare.

Other accessories
Pentax produced a range of various camera-carrying cases and also a belt-clip for the cameras.

See also
Minolta 110 Zoom SLR
References
 "Adapted lenses tested on the Q : the reference thread - PentaxForums.com". www.pentaxforums.com. Retrieved 3 June 2018.
External links
Pentax110.co.uk, a very complete but unofficial reference to these cameras, archived here
Pentax 110 SLR at CameraQuest.
Comprehensive Info and Images
Categories: Pentax SLR cameras110 film cameras