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Specimen:  Extremely rare fossil horseshoe crab genus and species - true ancestor of living Limulus -  Valloisella lievinensis Racheboeuf 1992 preserved in siderite nodule as negative - only this one half were found 


Locality:            Poland , detailed info will be added to package 


Stratigraphy:    Upper Carboniferous,  Westphalian A, 


Age:                   ca. 314 Mya


Nodule size :      
ca. 3,0 x 3,0 x 0,5 cm , white square n pictures is 1,0 x 1,0 cm ! 


Description:


Extremely rare,  specimen  of  true ancestor of living Limulus horseshoe crab. Unlike the more common Euproops and Belinurus, they have an opercular segment ! Described in 1992 small Upper carboniferous xiphosuran Valloisella lievinensis Racheboeuf 1992  from Lievin ! There are only few specimens found of this rare horseshoe crabs order !!! Specimens from famous localityin  Lievin ( Pas de Calais ) in France ! Horseshoe crabs resemble crustaceans, but belong to a separate subphylum, Chelicerata, and are closely related to eurypterids and arachnids. The earliest horseshoe crab fossils are found in strata from the late Ordovician period, roughly 450 Mya. Horseshoe crabs are marine arthropods of the family Limulidae and order Xiphosura or Xiphosurida, that live primarily in and around shallow ocean waters on soft sandy or muddy bottoms. They occasionally come onto shore to mate. They are commonly used as bait and in fertilizer. In recent years, a decline in the population has occurred as a consequence of coastal habitat destruction in Japan and overharvesting along the east coast of North America. Tetrodotoxin may be present in the roe of species inhabiting the waters of Thailand. Because of their origin 450 million years ago (Mya), horseshoe crabs are considered living fossils.