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SOME GENERAL INFO ABOUT IRELAND 

Ireland

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This article is about the island in Europe. For the sovereign state of the same name, see Republic of Ireland. For the part of the United Kingdom, see Northern Ireland. For other uses, see Ireland (disambiguation).

‹ The template Infobox islands is being considered for merging. ›

Ireland

Éire  (Irish)

Airlann  (Ulster Scots)

Satellite image of Ireland

Satellite image, October 2010

Map of Ireland in Europe.svg

Location of Ireland (dark green)

in Europe (green & dark grey)

Geography

Location Northwestern Europe

Coordinates 53°25′N 8°0′WCoordinates: 53°25′N 8°0′W

Adjacent bodies of water Atlantic Ocean

Area 84,421 km2 (32,595 sq mi)[1]

Area rank 20th[2]

Coastline 6,226 km (3868.7 mi)[3][4]

Highest elevation 1,041 m (3415 ft)

Highest point Carrauntoohil

Administration

Republic of Ireland

Largest city Dublin (pop. 553,165)

United Kingdom

Country Northern Ireland

Largest city Belfast (pop. 333,000)

Demographics

Demonym Irish

Population 6,572,728 (2016)[a][5]

Population rank 19th

Pop. density 77.8/km2 (201.5/sq mi)

Languages English (Hiberno-English), Irish, Ulster Scots, Shelta

Ethnic groups

96.4% White

1.7% Asian

1.1% Black

0.8% Other[6][7]

Additional information

Time zone

Greenwich Mean Time (UTC)

 • Summer (DST)

Irish Standard Time / British Summer Time (UTC+1)

Patron saints Saint Patrick

Saint Brigid

Saint Columba

^ Including surrounding islands.

Ireland (/ˈaɪərlənd/ (About this soundlisten); Irish: Éire [ˈeːɾʲə] (About this soundlisten); Ulster-Scots: Airlann [ˈɑːrlən]) is an island in the North Atlantic. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles, the third-largest in Europe, and the twentieth-largest on Earth.[8]

Geopolitically, Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially named Ireland), which covers five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom. In 2011, the population of Ireland was about 6.6 million, ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain. As of 2016, 4.8 million live in the Republic of Ireland, and 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland.[5]

The geography of Ireland comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain, with several navigable rivers extending inland. Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature. Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the Middle Ages. Today, woodland makes up about 10% of the island, compared with a European average of over 33%,[9] and most of it is non-native conifer plantations.[10][11] There are twenty-six extant land mammal species native to Ireland.[12] The Irish climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate,[13] and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area, although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe. Rainfall and cloud cover are abundant.

The earliest evidence of human presence in Ireland is dated at 10,500 BC.[14] Gaelic Ireland had emerged by the 1st century AD. The island was Christianised from the 5th century onward. Following the 12th century Anglo-Norman invasion, England claimed sovereignty. However, English rule did not extend over the whole island until the 16th–17th century Tudor conquest, which led to colonisation by settlers from Britain. In the 1690s, a system of Protestant English rule was designed to materially disadvantage the Catholic majority and Protestant dissenters, and was extended during the 18th century. With the Acts of Union in 1801, Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom. A war of independence in the early 20th century was followed by the partition of the island, creating the Irish Free State, which became increasingly sovereign over the following decades, and Northern Ireland, which remained a part of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland saw much civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s. This subsided following a political agreement in 1998. In 1973 the Republic of Ireland joined the European Economic Community while the United Kingdom, and Northern Ireland, as part of it, did the same.

Irish culture has had a significant influence on other cultures, especially in the field of literature. Alongside mainstream Western culture, a strong indigenous culture exists, as expressed through Gaelic games, Irish music and the Irish language. The island's culture shares many features with that of Great Britain, including the English language, and sports such as association football, rugby, horse racing, and golf.

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