Concentrated KH Buffer Supplement for All Marine Fish and Reef Aquaria.Overview:- Highly-effective alkalinity(KH)-increasing (”buffer”) solution.
- Helps increase pH Stability in an aquarium by raising the alkalinity.
- Provides a source of carbonates, which make up the majority by weight of aragonite, the mineral secreted by reef-building organisms as skeletal material.
- Continued addition raises pH until 8.3 is reached, at which point the pH remains unchanged and the alkalinity alone increases.
- Over 50% stronger than most competing products.
- Free of phosphates, silicate, and organic material.
- Formulated by a marine scientist.
Technical Background:Alkalinity,
also referred to as carbonate hardness or buffering capacity, is
essentially a means of quantifying the stability of pH in a solution,
such as aquarium water. Alkalinity is of extreme importance in a marine
aquarium, owing to the manner in which it influences pH. In an aquarium,
weak acids formed by oxygen respiration and the decomposition of
organic material gradually deplete alkalinity. If left unchecked, the
alkalinity drops below a critical level and pH begins to fluctuate more
wildly than is normally suggested (a daily pH shift of +/-0.2 is normal
in marine aquaria), causing stress to livestock. Alkalinity is also
depleted by reef-building organisms during the production of aragonite
(~60% carbonates by weight), and is therefore very important for their
rapid growth.
Maintaining
the alkalinity in marine aquaria between 7 - 12 dKH (2.5 - 4.3 meq/L)
will generally maintain pH within the desired range. The rate at which
alkalinity is depleted in a reef aquarium is determined by the stocking
density of reef-building livestock, type of lighting, rate of water
circulation, and other biological, physical, and chemical conditions;
therefore, each aquarium will have different requirements for the rate
of alkalinity supplementation. Once the rate of alkalinity depletion in
the aquarium has been determined, the proper dosing rate of this product
can be easily calculated. It is recommended that a quality salt mix
with the proper (not augmented) alkalinity and concentrations of major,
minor, and trace elements be used to establish natural seawater
parameters in the reef aquarium, providing a stable ionic foundation on
which to build. For additional information on alkalinity and other
important aspects of marine chemistry for marine aquaria.All Brightwell
Aquatics liquid water care supplements are made with purified water and
high purity materials. We develop formulae for aquaria based on
empirical data, using observation and measurement rather than theory.
Guaranteed Analysis: Alkalinity (min) 11,760 dKH (4,200 meq/L)
Ingredients: Purified water, inorganic Bicarbonate, Carbonate, and Borate salts
Size: 500 mL