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An
entrenching tool or E-tool is a collapsible spade used by military forces for a
variety of military purposes. Survivalists, freedivers, campers, hikers and
other outdoors groups have found it to be indispensable in field use. Modern
entrenching tools are usually collapsible and made using steel, aluminum, or
other light metals.
"In
1938, the (German) Klappspaten foldable spade, appeared, being the precursor of
all modern spades of this kind, including the 1943 American copy." Folding
designs became increasingly popular, usually consisting of a fixed handle with
a folding shovel head, and sometimes incorporating a pick into the design. Like
all individual entrenching tools, they were designed to be easily carried as
part of an infantry soldier's standard pack equipment.
The British
1937 Pattern entrenching tool added a bayonet lug to the tool's handle,
allowing the Lee-Enfield spike bayonet to be mounted on the end and converting
the tool into a mine prodder.
Entrenching tools, if strongly built, can also be used as ancillary weapons. Some entrenching tools can be even sharpened on one or both sides of the blade to be used as cutting tools or weapons; in fact, when used as such, the tool's sharp, thick edges are strong enough to cut through flesh and bone. During the Second World War, entrenchment tools were used in close quarters combat between German and Soviet forces, notably in the brutal hand-to-hand fighting during the Battle of Stalingrad.