Often referred to as "black diamond," carbonado is more accurately described as a polycrystalline or aggregate diamond material of amorphous carbon, graphite, and diamond.  This polycrystalline variety of diamond has greater durability than crystalline diamond and is used primarily in industry. However, in February 2022, Sotheby's sold a faceted, 555.55-ct carbonado diamond named "Enigma."  It sold for 4.28 million dollars.  Its name means "burned" in Portuguese, but what burned it may be truly extraordinary.

These are thought to be space diamonds for a few reasons. They're around 3.8 billion years old. They have never been found to be associated with typical diamond bearing volcanic rocks, nor do they contain any deep mantle mineral inclusions, as most diamonds do. They aren't really crystals, but a porous aggregate of many microscopic diamonds packed together resembling pre solar diamonds found in meteorites and lab created vapor deposition formed in diamonds. They are actually harder than normal diamonds because of this. Due to their chemistry, they had to have formed in an oxygen free, hydrogen rich environment. It is believed by some that these may have formed in a nearby supernova around 3.8 billion years ago and eventually fell to Earth as part of a large meteorite around 1 to 1.5 billion years later. They are becoming harder to find these days. Carbonados date from 2.6 to 3.8 billion years ago. This might also explain why they only occur in Brazil and the Central African Republic. During that span of the Earth's history, present-day Brazil and the western coast of Africa may have formed a "supercontinent." (This pairing actually preceded the better-known Gondwanaland). It's possible that a diamond meteorite struck the Earth at that location at that time, accounting for carbonado's current distribution.

For more information on these, please look at the International Gem Society's website. They have some great information about Carbonado Diamonds. If you have any doubts once you buy, or you want your stone graded, please take it to a certified jeweler that you trust. They will be able to examine your Carbonado for you and provide you with paperwork.

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