This listing is for a finely-crafted 18th or 19th century Chinese silk brocade Buddhist monk's mantle or stole robe, known as a kasaya (also as jiasha in China or kesa in Japan). It features a yellow ground polychrome design, with a repeating pattern of five-clawed dragon roundels and stylized floral motifs executed in pale blue, green, ochre, and off-white silk threads. The corner patches, created from a different piece of silk, feature additional dragon motifs and auspicious symbols in metallic thread on a similar golden yellow ground. The back panel is brown silk.
The stole is a visual representation of Buddhist teachings. The dragons symbolize protectors of the Dharma, and the flaming pearls they pursue represent wisdom and enlightenment. The floral medallions and lotus panels symbolize purity and spiritual awakening, while the scrolling ruyi clouds suggest heavenly blessings or good fortune.
In the Buddhist tradition, these garments are often created from scraps of donated silk fabrics, patched together in a meditative act reflecting the Buddhist values of humility, frugality, and contentment. The patchwork design embodies the teachings of the Buddha, where many individual elements are assembled to form a coherent whole. This concept suggests that all phenomena in the universe are interconnected and nothing exists independently. The specifics of the robe's design also carry significant meaning. The number of stripes or columns in the design signifies the wearer's rank and the occasion for which it was worn. The smaller squares in the corners of the central section represent the Four Heavenly Kings, the deities who guard the four cardinal directions of the Buddhist cosmos.
The term "kasaya" finds its roots in Sanskrit, traditionally translated as "impure-colored" or "dull-colored." This term refers to the humble origins of these robes, which were originally patched together from discarded or donated pieces of cloth. These fragments were then dyed using natural substances, yielding a muted range of colors, typically from yellow to brown. The Buddha himself is said to have worn a patched robe made from discarded cloth that was cleaned, dyed, and sewn together. This practice underscores the principles of non-attachment, humility, and contentment with what is available that are central to the Buddhist monastic lifestyle.
A key aspect of these garments is the notion of "giving" or "dana." The fabrics were often donated by laypeople, which earned religious merit. This act reflects the Buddhist practice of generosity, considered the first of the Six Perfections that a bodhisattva needs to practice to achieve enlightenment.
In addition, the changing of the robes is a significant event in the life of a Buddhist monk, representing a symbolic renewal of their commitment to the Buddhist path. During these ceremonies, the old robe is ritually removed and a new one is donned, symbolizing the renunciation of worldly attachments and the embodiment of the Buddhist teachings. This practice of changing robes can be seen as a ritualistic reaffirmation of one's commitment to the principles of Buddhism, with the kasaya serving as a constant, visible reminder of these vows.
The robe measures approximately 49" long x 11" wide with a 2 1/2" border and is in good overall condition. Some minor wear is present, including an approximately 4" cut in the central panel and a small threadbare area on one of the outer edges. The back panel has some light staining and a small hole. These signs of use are typical for an item that has been worn and subsequently used as an antique altar cloth or table covering. See photos to verify condition and feel free to ask questions.