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The "Yuanyou Tongbao" is one of
the ancient coins in China. It was minted during the reign of Emperor Zhezong
of the Northern Song Dynasty, from the Yuanyou era (1086 AD to 1093 AD). It
comes in seal script and regular script, with different denominations of
Xiaoping (1 cash), Zheer (2 cash), and Zhesan (3 cash). The calligraphy on
the Yuanyou Tongbao coins was written by Sima Guang and Su Shi, two famous
politicians, scholars, and calligraphers of the Northern Song Dynasty. Su
Shi's style, known as "Su Ti," is characterized by flowing and
dynamic strokes, while the seal script, attributed to Sima Guang, features
compact and elegant strokes, exhibiting beauty and grace. |
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Emperor Zhezong of the Northern Song
Dynasty, Zhao Xu (1077 AD to 1100 AD), was the seventh emperor of the
Northern Song Dynasty, and the sixth son of Emperor Shenzong. His mother was
Empress Qin Cheng, Lady Zhu. Originally named Yong, he was previously titled
the Prince of Yan'an. He was born on the seventh day of the twelfth month in
the ninth year of the Xining era (January 4, 1077 AD), and was designated as
the crown prince when Emperor Shenzong was critically ill. In the eighth year
of the Yuanfeng era, after Emperor Shenzong's death, Zhao Xu ascended the
throne as Emperor Zhezong and adopted the reign title "Yuanyou." He
reigned for 15 years and died at the age of 23. He was buried in Yongtai
Mausoleum in what is now Gongyi City, Henan Province. In the eighth year of the Yuanfeng era (1085
AD), Emperor Shenzong passed away on the fifth day of the third month. The
crown prince immediately ascended the throne and declared a general amnesty
the following day. An envoy was sent to Liao (Khitan Empire) to deliver the
news of mourning. On the seventh day, Empress Dowager Gao was honored as the
Grand Empress Dowager, Empress Wang was elevated to Empress Dowager, and
Consort De, Lady Zhu, the birth mother, was honored as the Empress Dowager.
Prime Minister Wang Gui was appointed as the supervisor of the construction
of Emperor Shenzong's mausoleum. On the twenty-first day of the third month,
due to repeated requests from officials, Emperor Zhezong officially began to
participate in politics with the Grand Empress Dowager. When Emperor Zhezong
ascended the throne, he was only nine years old, and Empress Dowager Gao
acted as regent. Empress Dowager Gao appointed the conservative statesman
Sima Guang as the prime minister. However, after Sima Guang took office, he
disregarded everything and tried to abolish the New Policies (Xining Reform).
Emperor Zhezong was dissatisfied with this. In the eighth year of the Yuanyou era (1093
AD), Empress Dowager Gao passed away in September, and Emperor Zhezong began
to rule personally in October. He revealed his intentions, criticized Sima
Guang, and banished old-party members like Su Shi and Su Zhe to Lingnan
(present-day Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hainan). He then promoted reform-minded
officials such as Zhang Dun and Zeng Bu, reinstated the village militia system,
exempted certain labor services, and implemented the Qingmiao law. These
measures alleviated the burdens on the farmers and improved the country's
situation. The following year, he changed the reign title to
"Shaosheng" and halted negotiations with the Western Xia (Western
Xia (Tangut Empire). He launched multiple military campaigns against the
Western Xia, forcing them to seek peace with the Song Dynasty. Emperor Zhezong suffered from severe
tuberculosis since childhood, and it had become an incurable condition. In
the second year of the Yuanfu era (1099 AD), in September and October, his
children died one after another, which caused great sorrow to Emperor
Zhezong. In the third year of the Yuanfu era (1100 AD), in January, Emperor
Zhezong's health deteriorated, and he was unable to attend court sessions. On
the twelfth day of the same month (February 23, 1100 AD), he passed away in
the Funing Hall. Emperor Zhezong was a relatively proactive
emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty. However, the political rivalry between
the New Party and the Old Party remained unresolved and even intensified
during his reign, causing turmoil in the court 元祐通宝，中国古钱币之一。北宋哲宗赵煦元祐年间（公元1086年～1093年）铸行，篆书、行书对钱形制，有小平、折二和折三。元佑通宝钱文书法，为北宋著名政治家、文学家和书法家司马光和苏轼所书。“苏体”，水流云行，跌扑纵跃，苍劲豪放；篆书，似为司马光所书，笔画紧凑，舒缓典雅，秀丽柔美。
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