A superb and
extremely rare image showing the legendary Bert
le Vack and his amazing Indian
8-valve 61 c.i. (1,000cc) V-twin factory racer , photographed during a
race meeting at the British circuit of Brooklands,
in 1921 . He would WIN the race with an average speed of 107.5 mph (173.00 km/h)!
The absolutely
magnificent Indian 8-valve (!!!) 61
c.i. (1,000cc) V-twin racer was introduced in 1911 and was produced
until 1918. Indian placed it on sale to the public at the astronomical price of
$350. It featured overhead-valve heads with four valves per cylinder, and was
easily capable of speeds of over 120 mph. In various forms, it was raced on the
dirt track as well as on the boards with very great success. It is unknown how
many of the 8-valve racers were manufactured, but production was very small
indeed; most machines were ridden either by factory riders or were
"loaned" to promising privateers. Like the other board track bikes of
its era, it lacks such amenities as brakes, a clutch, or even a throttle (carbs
were run wide open, with the only control of the engine speed being an ignition
cut-out). The Indian 8-valve V-twin racers were very successful on the wooden
board tracks that ruled racing in the beginning of the 20TH century in the USA and Europe. Bicycle racing on banked, wooden velodromes was
enormously popular at the turn of the 20th century. Many of the very first
machines identifiable as motorcycles were built by bicycle mechanics, and were
used as "pacers" to train bicycle racers. The first race probably
occurred the first time that two of them happened to be on the track at the
same time. Indian’s Oscar Hedstrom was one of these enterprising young
mechanics, and his design was so elegant and reliable that it was produced in
quantity by the Hendee Manufacturing Company as the first Indian motorcycle.
Timber was cheap, labor was plentiful, and board track racing offered a level
of spectacle not seen since Roman times. With the help of an engineer from New Jersey by the name of Jack Prince -- who sought
to build a chain of large tracks from coast to coast -- board track races
spread across the nation like wildfire. The Coliseum in Los Angeles, over a
quarter mile long, was opened in 1909, followed immediately by a one-third mile
bowl in Springfield, Mass., and in 1910 by full mile-long tracks in Playa del
Rey, California (a suburb wedged between Los Angeles and the Pacific ocean) and
Salt Lake City, Utah. Tracks up to two miles in length were thrown up in 1911 in Oakland, Denver, Buffalo, Cleveland, Chicago, and Detroit. 1912 brought tracks to Milwaukee, Omaha, Houston, Cleveland and Atlantic City. Race promoters made wads of money, with
$10,000 daily gate receipts a common draw. Very high speeds and a complete lack
of safety precautions lead to spectacular wrecks on the board tracks in the
1910s, often killing a half-dozen competitors and spectators at a time.
Controversy over safety had already caused the national sanctioning
organization to switch the 1913 National Championship Races over from the
boards to the safer, but less profitable, dirt ovals. True to form, racing
improved the breed. Motorcycles went from able-to-keep-up-with-bicycles in 1900
to the first 100-mph average lap, turned by Lee Humiston on a
"Big-Valve" Excelsior at the Playa del Rey track in 1912. Technical
competition among the manufacturers was just as fierce as the racing itself.
The race for prestige led famous manufacturers like Indian, Excelsior, Cyclone,
Thor, and Flying Merkel to develop purpose-built racing equipment with the highest
attainable horsepower they could squeeze from their motors. Few were as
successful in doing this then Indian was!
Indian is the oldest motorcycle marque currently in
production in the USA. They were manufactured from 1901 to 1953 in Springfield, Massachusetts. Indian was initially known as the Hendee
Manufacturing Company but was later renamed the Indian Motocycle Manufacturing
Company. The Indian factory team took the first three places in the 1911 Isle
of Man Tourist Trophy. During the 1910s Indian became the largest manufacturer
of motorcycles in the world. Indians most popular models were the Scout, made
from 1920 to 1946, and the Chief, made from 1922 to 1953. The Indian Motocycle
Manufacturing Company went bankrupt in 1953. Between 1953 and the early 1970s,
different organizations imported motorcycles into the United States and applied the Indian logo to them, with
varying degrees of legitimacy. The rights to the Indian marque were reconciled
in the late 1990s and were acquired by Indian Motorcycle Company of America, which began building new Indian
motorcycles in Gilroy, California in 1999. The Indian Motorcycle Company of America went bankrupt and ceased production in
2003. Rights to the Indian marque were acquired by the Indian Motorcycle
Company of Kings
Mountain, North Carolina in 2006. The concern has since begun
production of the new Indian motorcycle. The "Indian Motocycle Co."
was founded as the Hendee Manufacturing Company by George M. Hendee and Carl
Oscar Hedström. Both Hendee and Hedström were former bicycle racers who teamed
up to produce a motorcycle with a 1.75 bhp, single cylinder engine in Hendee's
home town of Springfield. The bike was successful and sales increased
dramatically during the next decade. In 1901, a prototype and two production units of the
diamond framed Indian Single were successfully designed, built and tested. Work
began on these in previous years. The first Indian motorcycles, featuring
belt-drives and streamlined styling, were sold to the public in 1902. In 1904 they were made available in the deep
red color that would become Indian's trademark. The engines of the Indian
Single were built by the Aurora Firm in Illinois. In 1903, Indian's co-founder and chief
engineer Oscar Hedström set the world motorcycle speed record (56mph). In 1904,
production of Indian motorcycles was up to over 500 bikes annually and would
rise to its best ever 32,000 in 1913. In 1907, Indian built its first V-twin, and
in following years made a strong showing in racing and record-breaking. One of
the firm's most famous riders was Erwin "Cannonball" Baker, who set
many long-distance records. In 1914, he rode an Indian across America, from San Diego to New York, in a record 11 days, 12 hours and ten
minutes. Baker's mount in subsequent years was the Powerplus, a side-valve
V-Twin, which was introduced in 1916. Its 61ci (1000 cc), 42 degree V-twin
engine was more powerful and quieter than previous designs, giving a top speed
of 60 mph (96 km/h). The Powerplus was highly successful,
both as a roadster and as the basis for racing bikes. It remained in production
with few changes until 1924. Competition success played a big part in Indian's
rapid growth and spurred technical innovation, as well. One of the American
firm's best early results came in the Isle of Man TT in 1911, when Indian
riders Godfrey, Franklin and Moorehouse finished first, second and third.
Indian star Jake De Rosier set several speed records both in America and at Brooklands in England, and won an estimated 900 races on dirt
and board track racing. He left Indian for Excelsior and died in 1913, aged 33,
of injuries sustained in a board track race crash with Charles
"Fearless" Balke, who later became Indian's top rider. Work at the
Indian factory was stopped while De Rosier's funeral procession passed. Oscar
Hedstrom left Indian in 1913 after disagreements with the Board of Directors
regarding dubious practices to inflate the company's stock values. George
Hendee resigned in 1916. The Scout and Chief V-twins, introduced in the early 1920s,
became the Springfield firm's most successful models. Designed by
Charles B. Franklin, the middleweight Scout and larger Chief shared a 42 degree
V twin engine layout. Both models gained a reputation for strength and
reliability, which led to the old Indian saying: "You can't wear out an
Indian Scout, or its brother the Indian Chief. They are built like rocks to
take hard knocks; it's the Harleys that cause grief." In 1930 Indian
merged with DuPont Motors Company. DuPont Motors founder E. Paul DuPont ceased
production of duPont automobiles and concentrated the company's resources on
Indian. DuPont's paint industry connections resulted in no fewer than 24 color
options being offered in 1934. Models of that era featured Indian's famous
head-dress logo on the gas tank. Indian's huge Springfield factory was known as the Wigwam, and
native American imagery was much used in advertising. In 1940, Indian sold
nearly as many motorcycles as its major rival, Harley-Davidson. At the time,
Indian represented the only true American-made heavyweight cruiser alternative
to Harley-Davidson. During this time, the company also manufactured other
products such as aircraft engines, bicycles, boat motors and air conditioners.
The first 1922 model Chief had a 1000 cc (61ci) engine based on that of the
Powerplus; a year later the engine was enlarged to 1200 cc (73ci). Numerous
improvements were made over the years, including adoption of a front brake in 1928. In 1940, all models were fitted with the
large skirted fenders that became an Indian trademark, and the Chief gained a
new sprung frame that was superior to rival Harley's unsprung rear end. The
1940s Chiefs were handsome and comfortable machines, capable of 85 mph (136 km/h) in standard form and over 100 mph (160 km/h) when tuned, although their increased
weight hampered acceleration. In 1950, the V-Twin engine was enlarged to 1300
cc (80ci) and telescopic forks were adopted. But Indian's financial problems
meant that few bikes were built, and production of the Chief ended in 1953.
Recognition of the historical significance of this model was made with an
August 2006 United States Postal Service 39-cent stamp issue, part of a four
panel set entitled American Motorcycles. The Indian Scout was built from 1920
to 1949. It rivaled the Chief as Indian's most important model. Indian
purchased the ownership of the name, rights, and production facilities of the
Ace Motor Corporation in 1927. Production was moved to Springfield and the motorcycle was marketed as the
Indian Ace for one year. In 1928, the Indian Ace was replaced by the Indian 401, a development of the Ace designed by Arthur
O. Lemon, former Chief Engineer at Ace, who was employed by Indian when they
bought Ace. The Ace's leading-link forks and central coil spring were replaced
by Indian's trailing-link forks and quarter-elliptic leaf spring. By 1929, the
Indian 402 would have a stronger twin-downtube frame based on that of the 101
Scout and a sturdier five-bearing crankshaft than the Ace, which had a
three-bearing crankshaft. Despite the low demand for luxury motorcycles during
the Great Depression, Indian not only continued production of the Four, but
continued to develop the motorcycle. One of the less popular versions of the
Four was the "upside down" engine on the 1936-37 models. While
earlier (and later) Fours had IOE (inlet over exhaust) cylinder heads with
overhead inlet valves and side exhaust valves, the 1936-37 Indian Four had a
unique EOI cylinder head, with the positions reversed. In theory, this would
improve fuel vaporization. In practice, it made the cylinder head, and the
rider's inseam, very hot. Dual carburetors, fitted in 1937, did not help. The
design was returned to the original configuration in 1938. Like the Chief, the
Four was given large, skirted fenders and plunger rear suspension in 1940. In 1941, the 18" wheels of previous
models were replaced with 16" wheels with balloon tires. The Indian Four
was discontinued in 1943. Chiefs, Scouts, and Junior Scouts were all used for
various purposes by the United States Army in World War II. However, none of
these could unseat the Harley-Davidson WLA as the motorcycle mainly used by the
Army. The early version was based on the 750cc Scout (45 cu.in.) 640 compared
directly with Harleys offer, the WLA, but was either too expensive or heavy, or
a combination of both. Indians eventual offer, the 500cc (30.5 cu.in.) 741, was
underpowered and could not compete with the WLA. Indian also offered a version
based on the 1200cc (74 cu.in.) Chief, the 344. Approximately 1,000
experimental versions mounting the 750cc motor sideways and utilising shaft
drive, as on a modern Moto Guzzi, the 841, was also tried. During World War II,
the US Army requested experimental motorcycle designs suitable for desert
fighting. In response to this request, Indian designed and built the 841.
Approximately 1,000 841 models were built. The Indian 841 was heavily inspired
by the BMW R71 motorcycle used by the German Army at the time, as was its
competitor, the Harley-Davidson XA. However, unlike the XA, the 841 was not a
copy of the R71. Although its tubular frame, plunger rear suspension, and shaft
drive were similar to the BMW's, the 841 was different from the BMW in several
aspects, most noticeably so with its 90-degree longitudinal-crankshaft V-twin
engine and girder fork. The Indian 841 and the Harley-Davidson XA were both
tested by the Army, but neither motorcycle was adopted for wider military use.
It was determined that the Jeep was more suitable for the roles and missions
for which these motorcycles had been intended. In 1945, a group headed by Ralph B. Rogers purchased
a controlling interest of the company. On November 1, 1945, duPont formally turned the operations of
Indian over to Rogers. Under Rogers' control, Indian discontinued the Scout
and began to manufacture lightweight motorcycles such as the 149 Arrow, the
Super Scout 249, both introduced in 1949, and the 250 Warrior, introduced in
1950. These bikes suffered from poor quality and a lack of development.
Production of traditional Indians was extremely limited in 1949, and no 1949
Chiefs are known to exist. From 1955 to 1970, Royal Enfield motorcycles were
painted red, and marketed in the USA as Indian Motorcycles by the Brockhouse
Corporation, who had acquired the rights to the Indian name after it went under
in 1953. Gerard Kelly, of manual fame, was involved, but Americans were not
impressed by the badge engineering, and the venture was unsuccessful. The
largest Enfield "Indian" was a 700 cc. The
marketing agreement expired in 1960, and from 1961, Royal Enfields were
available in the US, still through Kelly, but under their own
name, up until Kelly's death in 1970. Manufacture of all products was halted in
1953. Brockhouse Engineering and Royal Enfield bikes were imported from England and badged and sold as Indians through the
rest of the 1950s. After this the Indian name passed to the company that
imported Matchless motorcycles into the US, however it did not attach the name to any
motorcycles, and it went into liquidation in 1962. From the 1960s entrepreneur
Floyd Clymer began using the Indian name, apparently without purchasing it from
the last known legitimate trademark holder. He attached it to imported
motorcycles, commissioned to Italian ex-pilot and engineer Leopoldo Tartarini, owner
of Italjet Moto , to manufacture Minarelli-engined 50 cc minibikes under
the Indian Papoose name. These were so successful that Clymer also commissioned
Tartarini to build full-size Indian motorcycles based on the Italjet Grifon
design, but fitted firstly with Royal Enfield Interceptor 750 cc
parallel-twin engines, then with Velocette 500 cc single-cylinder engines.
After Clymer's death in 1970 his widow sold the alleged Indian trademark to Los Angeles attorney Alan Newman, who continued to
import minicycles made by ItalJet, and later manufactured in a wholly owned
assembly plant located in Taipei (Taiwan). Several models with engine displacement
between 50 cc and 175 cc were produced, mostly fitted with Italian
two-stroke engines made either by Italjet or Franco Morini, but the fortunes of
this venture didn't last long. By 1975 sales were dwindling, and in January
1977 the company was declared bankrupt. The right to the brand name passed
through a succession of owners and became a subject of competing claims in the
1980s, finally decided in December 1998 by a Federal bankruptcy court in Denver, Colorado. The Indian Motorcycle Company of America was formed from the merger of nine
companies, including IMCOA Licensing America Inc., which had been awarded the
Indian trademark by the Federal District Court of Colorado, and California
Motorcycle Company (CMC), an existing motorcycle fabricator. The new company
began manufacturing motorcycles badged under the famous "Indian" name
in 1999 at the former CMC's facilities in Gilroy, California. These motorcycles are often referred to
as "Gilroy Indian" motorcycles. The first model was a new design
called the Chief. Scout and Spirit models were also manufactured starting in
2001. These bikes were initially made with off-the-shelf S&S engines, but
used the all-new 100ci Powerplus engine design from 2002 to 2003. The company
went into bankruptcy again in late 2003, after a major investor backed out. On July
20, 2006, the
newly formed Indian Motorcycle Company, owned largely by Stellican Limited, a
London-based private equity firm, announced its new home in Kings Mountain, North Carolina, where it has restarted the Indian
motorcycle brand. The new Indian Chief motorcycles are produced in limited
numbers, with the focus on outstanding quality, performance, and exclusivity.
The limited production 2009 Indian Chief features a redesigned
105 cu in (1,720 cc) Powerplus V-Twin powertrain with electronic
closed loop sequential port fuel injection. A new charging system provides increased
capacity for the EFI. Engine cylinders are Nikasil plated, eliminating the need
for cast-iron liners. A new crankshaft eliminates "scissoring". The
exhaust system is a new design with integrated 3-way catalytic converter and
heated oxygen sensors. All body parts are e-coated and the frame and swingarm
are e-coated and powder coated for enhanced corrosion protection. A six-speed
transmission delivers power through the belt drive to 16 inch wheels out back. Stopping is achieved via
Brembo 4-piston calipers, with 11.5 inch dual rotors at the front.
Standard 5.5 US gallon tank helps extend cruising
range. Seats are all-leather and built to exacting specifications. And last but
not least, between 1962 and 1967, New Zealander Burt Munro used a modified 1920s
Indian Scout to set a number of land speed records, as dramatised in the 2005
film The World's Fastest Indian.
Herbert 'Bert' le Vack was a motorcycle world speed record holder throughout
the 1920s and earned the nickname the 'Wizard of Brooklands' for his expolits.
An expert racing engine tuner, le Vack worked for some of the great marques and
in the late 1920s joined Motosacoche in Switzerland as the works rider, chief designer and
tuner. Bert le Vack was killed in an accident in 1931 testing the Motosacoche
A50 in the Swiss Alps. Despite his surname, Bert le Vack was born in North London and was of Scottish descent, the son of an
upholsterer and antique dealer Albert Edward le Vack. Bert's grandfather was
John le Vack, a Scottish steam locomotive engineer, who moved to London from his birthplace in Caithness. Bert's first job was with Legros and
Knowles, of Willesden Junction. He moved on to work for Daimler, Napier and the
London General Omnibus Company Le Vack began his racing career on bicycles but
once he visited Brooklands he began tuning motorcycles and won the first hill
climb he entered on a 1909 Triumph. In 1912 he competed in the London to Edinburgh Run and in 1913 he was
working with another JAP test rider at Brooklands called John Wallace, who was
sacked for being 'under age'. On the outbreak of the First World War they both
turned their talents to assembling and testing aircraft engines. Wallace
founded Duzmo Motorcycles In the 1914 Senior TT he averaged 45 mph (72 km/h) and won a Gold Medal. After the war le
Vack had his own garage and it was a chance exchange of a Scott for an
MAG-engined Edmund that re-awakened his interest in motorcycle racing. Tuning
up the Edmund led to the neglect of his business, so when he had an offer of
employment from Wallace he agreed and began developing Duzmo engines. He then
built a competition motorcycle that he used in competitions and demonstrations.
He called the bike the 'Ace' and then it became the 'Duzmo' in 1920 when Bert
became well known as a racer. Towards the end of 1920 Bert moved to the Hendee
Manufacturing Co, who made Indian motorcycles in Springfield, Massachusetts. He joined their London Depot. Le Vack was
very much in favour of using alcohol-based fuels in racing and obtained
supplies from a London distillery. This led to an offer to work as an engine
designer for John A. Prestwich, founder of the JAP company who produced racing
engines for many top marques, including Brough Superior. Le Vack used his
experience with Indian to help JAP develop their British vee-twin - the 'Super
Big Twin', so called because of its 986 cc ohv engine. Although le Vack only
stayed with JAP for four years he played a significant part in their success
and JAP advertisements in the Motor Cycle showed Bert on a Brough Superior with
the 976 cc vee-twin JAP engine. As well as his tunign knowledge, le Vack gained
a reputation for blending special racing fuels and had his own workshop in the
Tottenham factory. Described as a quiet spoken man with few friends, le Vack
became something of an enigma. in a rare interview for The Motor Cycle in 1923
with the title 'The Making of a Speed Man' he described his early days when he
nearly blew himself up by looking into a petrol tank at night with a match. In
the late 1920s he joined Motosacoche in Geneva, Switzerland, for whom he had already ridden in the
1914 Isle of Man Tourist Trophy. Motosacoche built racing motorcycles and le
Vack joined as the works rider, chief designer and tuner and was killed in the
Swiss Alps on the 17th September 1931, while testing the Motosacoche A50 on
public roads close to their factory. Bert le Vack rode for Brough Superior and
helped keep T. E. Lawrence's Broughs tuned. He also rode for the leading
manufactureres of the 1920s, including Indian, New Imperial and Zenith, After a
time in Birmingham at the New Hudson works, Bert went to
Motosacoche and rode for them in the 1914 Isle of Man Tourist Trophy Races.
Bert won the Brooklands 500 in 1921 on a 1000 cc Indian. In 1923 he
secured second place in the 1923 Lightweight Tourist Trophy Races with a New
Imperial 250 cc - despite a breakdown that meant he had to push the bike half a
mile to the finish.
This wonderful
photo reflects the golden era of Indian as no other. How exciting where those
times!
We have more
photos, also listed on Ebay, of other bikes, and various motorcycle (world)
champions on various kinds of machinery. Please check out our auctions and take
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This is your rare
chance to own this non period photo that reflects a very interesting and
historic piece of motorcycle history. Therefore it is printed in a nice large
format of ca. 8" x 10" (ca. 20 x 25.5 cm).
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