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Alexander Mackenzie (politician)

Alexander Mackenzie PC (January 28, 1822 – April 17, 1892) was a Canadian politician who served as the second prime minister of Canada, in office from 1873 to 1878.

The Honourable

Alexander Mackenzie

Monochrome photograph of Alexander Mackenzie sitting in a chair.

Mackenzie in 1878

2nd Prime Minister of Canada

In office

November 7, 1873 – October 8, 1878

Monarch

Victoria

Governor General

The Earl of Dufferin

Preceded by

John A. Macdonald

Succeeded by

John A. Macdonald

Leader of the Liberal Party

In office

March 6, 1873 – May 4, 1880

Preceded by

Edward Blake

Succeeded by

Edward Blake

Member of the House of Commons of Canada

In office

September 20, 1867 – April 17, 1892

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Personal details

Born

January 28, 1822

Logierait, Scotland

Died

April 17, 1892 (aged 70)

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Resting place

Lakeview Cemetery, Sarnia, Ontario

Political party

Liberal

Spouse(s)

Helen Neil

(m. 1845; died 1852)

Jane Sym (m. 1853)[1]

Children

Signature

Military service

Allegiance

Canada

Branch/service

Canadian militia

Years of service

1866–1874

Rank

Major

Unit

27th (Lambton) Battalion of Infantry

Battles/wars

Fenian Raids

Mackenzie was born in Logierait, Perthshire, Scotland. He left school at the age of 13, following his father's death, to help his widowed mother, and trained as a stonemason. Mackenzie immigrated to the Province of Canada when he was 19, settling in what became Ontario. His masonry business prospered, allowing him to pursue other interests – such as the editorship of a pro-Reformist newspaper called the Lambton Shield.[2] Mackenzie was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada in 1862, as a supporter of George Brown.

In 1867, Mackenzie was elected to the new House of Commons of Canada for the Liberal Party. He became leader of the party (thus Leader of the Opposition) in mid-1873, and a few months later succeeded John A. Macdonald as prime minister, following Macdonald's resignation in the aftermath of the Pacific Scandal. Mackenzie and the Liberals won a clear majority at the 1874 election. He was popular among the general public for his humble background and consistent democratic principles.

As prime minister, Mackenzie continued the nation-building programme that had been begun by his predecessor. His government established the Supreme Court of Canada and Royal Military College of Canada, and created the District of Keewatin to better administer Canada's newly acquired western territories. However, it made little progress on the transcontinental railway, and struggled to deal with the aftermath of the Panic of 1873. At the 1878 election, Mackenzie's government suffered a landslide defeat. He remained leader of the Liberal Party for another two years, and continued on as a Member of Parliament (MP) until his death, due to a stroke.