Seed Collection: Harvest ripe seeds from mature Camellia japonica plants. Seeds are usually contained within woody capsules. Collect the capsules when they turn brown and start to split open.
Seed Preparation: Extract the seeds from the capsules and soak them in water for 24 hours to soften their hard outer coat. This process, called scarification, helps to improve germination rates.
Seed Sowing: Fill small pots or seed trays with a well-draining potting mix. Sow the seeds on the surface of the soil and lightly press them down. Do not bury the seeds too deep, as they require light to germinate.
Moisture and Temperature: Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Place the pots or trays in a warm, well-lit location with indirect sunlight. Maintain a temperature of around 70-75°F (21-24°C) for optimal germination.
Germination: Camellia seeds can be slow to germinate, often taking several weeks to months. Be patient and continue to keep the soil moist during this time. Once the seeds germinate, they will produce tiny seedlings.
Transplanting: When the seedlings have developed several true leaves and are large enough to handle, transplant them into individual pots filled with well-draining potting mix. Handle the seedlings carefully to avoid damaging their delicate roots.
Growing Conditions: Camellia japonica prefers acidic, well-draining soil with good organic content. Provide regular watering to keep the soil evenly moist, especially during dry periods. Avoid waterlogging, as Camellias are susceptible to root rot.
Light and Air: Place the young plants in a location with bright, indirect sunlight. Adequate air circulation is important to prevent fungal diseases, so avoid overcrowding the plants.
Fertilization: Once the seedlings are established and actively growing, you can start fertilizing them with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer designed for acid-loving plants. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for application rates.
Transplanting Outdoors: When the seedlings have grown into sturdy plants, typically after one to two years, they can be transplanted outdoors into their permanent location. Choose a site with partial shade and protection from harsh winds.
Maintenance: Keep an eye out for pests and diseases, and address any issues promptly. Prune the plants as needed to maintain their shape and encourage bushy growth.
Growing Camellia japonica from seeds requires patience and dedication, but with the right care, you can enjoy the beauty of these exquisite flowers in your garden.