Russia (/ˈrʌʃə/ (About this sound listen); Russian: Росси́я, tr. Rossija; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə]; from the Greek: Ρωσία — Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation[12] (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə]), is a country in Eurasia.[13] At 17,075,200 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area,[14][15][16] and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people at the end of March 2016.[17][7] The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern; about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, and Kazan.
Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait.
The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD.[18] Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire,[19] beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium.[19] Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century.[20] The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde, and came to dominate the cultural and political legacy of Kievan Rus'. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east.[21][22]
Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state.[23] The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II,[24][25] and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction.[26][27][28] Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, fifteen independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Estonia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and sole successor state of the Soviet Union.[29] It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic.
The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015.[30] Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world,[31] making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally.[32][33] The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction.[34] Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, as well as a member of the G20, the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.
Crimea (/kraɪˈmiːə/; Crimean Tatar: Къырым, Qırım; Ukrainian: Крим, Krym; Russian: Крым, Krym, Greek: Κριμαία) is a major peninsula on the northern coast of the Black Sea in Eastern Europe that is almost completely surrounded by both the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov to the northeast. It is located south of the Ukrainian region of Kherson and west of the Russian region of Kuban. It is connected to Kherson Oblast by the Isthmus of Perekop and is separated from Kuban by the Strait of Kerch. The Arabat Spit is located to the northeast, a narrow strip of land that separates a system of lagoons named Sivash from the Sea of Azov.
Crimea (or the Tauric Peninsula, as it was called from antiquity until the early modern period) has historically been at the boundary between the classical world and the Pontic–Caspian steppe. Its southern fringe was colonised by the ancient Greeks, the Persians, the Romans, the Byzantine Empire, the Crimean Goths, the Genoese and the Ottoman Empire, while at the same time its interior was occupied by a changing cast of invading steppe nomads and empires, such as the Cimmerians, Scythians, Sarmatians, Goths, Alans, Bulgars, Huns, Khazars, Kipchaks, Mongols and the Golden Horde. Crimea and adjacent territories were united in the Crimean Khanate during the 15th to 18th century.
In 1783, Crimea became a part of Russian Empire as the result of Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774). Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Crimea became an autonomous republic within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in the USSR, though later, during World War II, it was downgraded to the Crimean Oblast.
In 1954, the Crimean Oblast was transferred to Ukraine by Nikita Khrushchev/[3] in exchange for Ukraine giving up claims to other Ukrainian territories: Krasnador Krai and Kuban.
Following collapse of the Soviet Union, Ukraine was formed as an independent country in 1991. Most of the peninsula was reorganized as the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, while the city of Sevastopol retained its special status within Ukraine. In 1997 Ukraine and Russia signed the Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet that partitioned the former Soviet Black Sea Fleet, setting terms that allowed Russia to continue basing its fleet in Crimea. Sevastopol remained the location of the Ukrainian Naval Forces, while Russian's Black Sea Fleet headquarters was also headquartered in the city. Ukraine extended Russia's lease of the naval facilities under the 2010 Kharkiv Pact in exchange for discounted natural gas.
Following the 2014 Ukrainian revolution and overthrow of Viktor Yanukovych, unmarked Russian regular military forces together with local separatists took control of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol. The Russian-controlled authorities held a referendum on Crimea joining Russia, after which the territory was formally annexed by the Russian Federation as two federal subjects, Republic of Crimea and federal city Sevastopol respectively. The Constitutional Court of Ukraine deemed the referendum unconstitutional[4][5] and Ukraine continues to assert its rights over the peninsula[5] with most UN member countries continuing to regard Crimea as Ukrainian territory.
Crimea articles
Political status Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Ukraine) Republic of Crimea (Russia)
History
Bosporan Kingdom Roman Crimea Kipchaks Khazars Crimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689 Crimean Khanate 1783 annexation by Russia Crimean Goths Crimean War Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic Crimea in World War II Crimean Oblast 1944 deportations 1954 transfer to Ukraine President of Crimea (historical) 2014 Crimean status referendum 2014 annexation by Russia Supreme Council of Crimea (until 2014) (Chairman) Prime Minister of Crimea (until 2014) Council of Ministers (until 2014)
Satellite image of Crimea
Geography
Arabat Spit Arabat Bay Azov Sea Crimean Mountains Kerch Strait Perekop isthmus Syvash Vyalova cave system
Subdivisions
Cities Raions Urban-type settlements
Politics
Constitution of the Republic of Crimea Head of the Republic of Crimea State Council of Crimea Crimean Federal District Sevastopol and the Black Sea Fleet Mejlis (Tatar assembly)
Economy
Tourism Kerch Strait Bridge Crimea Air (historical) Crimean Trolleybus
Society
Sports
Crimean Premier League
Demographics
Peoples
Russians Ukrainians Crimean Tatars Armenians Karaites Krymchaks Crimea Germans
Languages
Crimean Tatar Krymchak
Religion
Christianity Roman Catholic Diocese of Odessa-Simferopol Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Odessa Judaism Islam
History
Timeline
Proto-Indo-Europeans Scythians East Slavs Rus' Khaganate Kievan Rus' Novgorod Republic Vladimir-Suzdal Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of Russia Russian Empire Russian Republic Russian SFSR Soviet Union Russian Federation
By topic
Economy Military Journalism Postal
Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.svg
Geography
Subdivisions Borders Earthquakes Geology European Russia Caucasus Mountains North Caucasus Caspian Sea Ural Mountains West Siberian Plain Siberia Russian Far East North Asia Extreme points Cities and towns Islands Lakes Rivers Volcanoes Climate
Politics
Conscription Constitution Elections Federal budget Foreign relations Freedom of assembly Freedom of press
Media Government Human rights Judiciary Law
Citizenship Civil Service Law enforcement (Prisons) Liberalism Military Opposition Political parties President of Russia
Economy
Agriculture Aircraft industry Car industry Banking Central Bank Corruption Defence industry Economic regions Energy Fishing industry Forestry Gambling Mining Petroleum industry Russian ruble Russian oligarchs Space industry Shipbuilding Trade unions Taxation Tourism Transport Telecommunications Waste
Society
Demographics Citizens Abortion Alcoholism Crime Education Healthcare Ethnic groups Languages LGBT Immigration
Illegal Prostitution Racism Religion Suicide Water supply and sanitation Women
Culture
Architecture Art Literature Ballet Cinema Graffiti Inventions Media Music Public holidays Opera Language Cuisine Martial arts Folklore Television Internet National anthem Coat of arms National flag Sports
Outline
Book Category Portal
[hide]
v t e
Russian souvenirs, arts and crafts
Matryoshka
Samovar
Handicrafts
Gorodets painting Gzhel Filimonovo toy Kholmogory bone carving Khokhloma Russian lacquer art
Fedoskino miniature Kholuy miniature Mstyora miniature Palekh miniature Russian icons Zhostovo painting
Ushanka
Balalaika
Tableware
Table-glass Podstakannik Russian porcelain
Dulyovo porcelain Samovar
Clothing
Afghanka Budenovka Cherkeska French Gymnastyorka Kokoshnik Kosovorotka Kaftan Lapti Orenburg shawl Papakha Peaked cap Podvorotnichok Sailor cap Sarafan Spetsodezhda Telnyashka Ushanka Valenki
Musical
instruments
Balalaika Garmon Bayan Russian guitar Musical spoons Treshchotka
Toys
Bird of Happiness Cheburashka Filimonovo toy Dymkovo toys Kargopol toys Matryoshka doll Petrushka
Other
Izba Fabergé egg Shashka Tula gingerbread
[hide]
v t e
Russia Subdivisions of Russia
Federal subjects
Republics
Adygea Altai Bashkortostan Buryatia Chechnya Chuvashia Crimea1 Dagestan Ingushetia Kabardino-Balkaria Kalmykia Karachay-Cherkessia Karelia Khakassia Komi Mari El Mordovia North Ossetia-Alania Sakha Tatarstan Tuva Udmurtia
Krais
Altai Kamchatka Khabarovsk Krasnodar Krasnoyarsk Perm Primorsky Stavropol Zabaykalsky
Oblasts
Amur Arkhangelsk Astrakhan Belgorod Bryansk Chelyabinsk Irkutsk Ivanovo Kaliningrad Kaluga Kemerovo Kirov Kostroma Kurgan Kursk Leningrad Lipetsk Magadan Moscow Murmansk Nizhny Novgorod Novgorod Novosibirsk Omsk Orenburg Oryol Penza Pskov Rostov Ryazan Sakhalin Samara Saratov Smolensk Sverdlovsk Tambov Tomsk Tula Tver Tyumen Ulyanovsk Vladimir Volgograd Vologda Voronezh Yaroslavl
Federal cities
Moscow St. Petersburg Sevastopol1
Autonomous oblast
Jewish
Autonomous okrugs
Chukotka Khanty-Mansi2 Nenets3 Yamalo-Nenets2
1Claimed by Ukraine and considered by most of the international community to be part of Ukraine 2Administratively subordinated to Tyumen Oblast 3Administratively subordinated to Arkhangelsk Oblast
Internal additional non-constitutional divisions by different institutions
Economic regions (by Ministry of Economic Development) Military districts (by Ministry of Defence) Federal districts (by President) Judicial districts (by law "On arbitration courts")
[hide]
v t e
World Heritage Sites in Russia by federal district
Kizhi Pogost
Palace Square, Saint Petersburg
Moscow Kremlin
Central
Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye Moscow Kremlin and Red Square Novodevichy Convent Trinity Sergius Lavra White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal Historic Centre of Yaroslavl
Klyuchevskaya Sopka Volcano
Lake Baikal
Katun River in Altai Mountains
Southern
Western Caucasus
Northwestern
Curonian Spit1 Ferapontov Monastery Kizhi Pogost Virgin Komi Forests Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Surroundings Solovetsky Islands Struve Geodetic Arc2
Far Eastern
Lena Pillars Volcanoes of Kamchatka Central Sikhote-Alin Wrangel Island
Siberian
Golden Mountains of Altai Lake Baikal Landscapes of Dauria3 Putorana Plateau Uvs Nuur Basin3
Volga
Bolghar Kazan Kremlin
North Caucasian
Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress Buildings of Derbent
1 Shared with Lithuania 2 Shared with nine other countries 3 Shared with Mongolia
[hide]
v t e
People from Russia
Political and religious leaders
Pre-1168 1168–1917 1922–1991 1991–present RSFSR leaders General secretaries Soviet premiers (1st deputies) Soviet heads of state (and their spouses) Prime ministers (1st deputies) Foreign ministers Prosecutors general Metropolitans and Patriarchs Saints (1, 2)
Alexander Nevsky, the Name of Russia
Military figures and explorers
Field marshals Soviet marshals Admirals Aviators Cosmonauts
Scientists, engineers and inventors
Aerospace engineers Astronomers and astrophysicists Biologists Chemists Earth scientists Electrical engineers IT developers Linguists and philologists Mathematicians Naval engineers Physicians and psychologists Physicists Weaponry makers
Artists and writers
Architects Ballet dancers Composers Opera singers Novelists Philosophers Playwrights Poets
Sportspeople
Chess players
Ukraine (/juːˈkreɪn/ (About this sound listen); Ukrainian: Україна, tr. Ukraina [ukrɐˈjinɐ]), sometimes called the Ukraine,[8] is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe,[9] bordered by Russia to the east, northeast, and south, Belarus to the northwest, Poland and Slovakia to the west, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. Ukraine is currently in territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula which Russia annexed in 2014[10] but which Ukraine and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 (233,062 sq mi),[11] making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world. It has a population of about 42.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world.
The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC. During the Middle Ages, the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture, with the powerful state of Kievan Rus' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity. Following its fragmentation in the 13th century, the territory was contested, ruled and divided by a variety of powers, including Lithuania, Poland, the Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary, and Russia. A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries, but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire, and later merged fully into Russia.
During the 20th century three periods of independence occurred. The first of these periods occurred briefly during and immediately after the German occupation near the end of World War I and the second occurred, also briefly, and also during German occupation, during World War II. However, both of these first two earlier periods would eventually see Ukraine's territories consolidated back into a Soviet republic within the USSR. The third period of independence began in 1991, when Ukraine gained its independence from the Soviet Union in the aftermath of its dissolution at the end of the Cold War. Ukraine has maintained its independence as a sovereign state ever since. Before its independence, Ukraine was typically referred to in English as "The Ukraine", but sources since then have moved to drop "the" from the name of Ukraine in all uses.[12]
Following its independence, Ukraine declared itself a neutral state.[13] Nonetheless it formed a limited military partnership with the Russian Federation and other CIS countries and a partnership with NATO in 1994. In the 2000s, the government began leaning towards NATO, and a deeper cooperation with the alliance was set by the NATO-Ukraine Action Plan signed in 2002. It was later agreed that the question of joining NATO should be answered by a national referendum at some point in the future.[14] Former President Viktor Yanukovych considered the current level of co-operation between Ukraine and NATO sufficient,[15] and was against Ukraine joining NATO.[16] In 2013, protests against the government of President Yanukovych broke out in downtown Kiev after the government had decided to suspend the Ukraine-European Union Association Agreement and seek closer economic ties with Russia. After this began a several-months-long wave of demonstrations and protests known as the Euromaidan, which later escalated into the 2014 Ukrainian revolution that led to the overthrow of President Yanukovych and his cabinet and the establishment of a new government. These events formed the background for the annexation of Crimea by Russia in March 2014, and the War in Donbass in April 2014. On 1 January 2016, Ukraine applied the economic part of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area with the European Union.[17]
Ukraine has long been a global breadbasket because of its extensive, fertile farmlands and is one of the world's largest grain exporters.[18][19] The diversified economy of Ukraine includes a large heavy industry sector, particularly in aerospace and industrial equipment.
Ukraine is a unitary republic under a semi-presidential system with separate powers: legislative, executive and judicial branches. Its capital and largest city is Kiev. Taking into account reserves and paramilitary personnel,[20] Ukraine maintains the second-largest military in Europe after that of Russia. The country is home to 42.5 million people (excluding Crimea),[3] 77.8 percent of whom are Ukrainians "by ethnicity", followed by a sizeable minority of Russians (17.3 percent) as well as Romanians/Moldovans, Belarusians, Crimean Tatars, Bulgarians and Hungarians. Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic. The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodoxy, which has strongly influenced Ukrainian architecture, literature and music.
History
Chronology
East Slavs Kuyaba Kievan Rus' Mongol invasion Galicia–Volhynia Grand Duchy of Lithuania Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Zaporozhian Cossacks Russian Empire Galicia After the Russian Revolution
Ukrainian People's Republic West Ukrainian People's Republic Ukrainian SSR Chernobyl disaster Independence Orange Revolution Ukrainian crisis
2013–14 Euromaidan 2014 Ukrainian revolution Russian military intervention Annexation of Crimea by Russia 2014 pro-Russian unrest War in Donbass
By topic
Christianity Economic Military
Geography
National parks Biosphere Reserves
Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine Rivers Mountains Waterfalls Islands and sandbars
Politics
Constitution Flag Government
President Foreign relations Military Political parties Elections Judicial system
Law Law enforcement
Economy
Hryvnia (currency) National Bank
Banking Banks Stock exchanges
UX PFTS
index Energy Telecommunications
Internet Tourism Transport
Ukrainian Railways Automobile roads
Society
Languages Religion Education Health Crime Human rights LGBT history Admin. divisions
Oblasts
regions by area by population by income Cities Raions Urban-type settlements
Culture
Vyshyvanka Pysanka Literature
Taras Shevchenko Dance Architecture
Seven Wonders of Ukraine Cinema
Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors Gogolfest festival Cuisine
wine Borshch Holidays Media
television Music Sport
Demographics
Ukrainian people
Rus' people Ruthenians diaspora Censuses
2001 2020
Outline
Category Portal
[hide]
v t e
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia Eurasian Economic Union Union State
Membership
Members
Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Moldova Russia Tajikistan Uzbekistan
Associate members
Turkmenistan Ukraine
Former members
Georgia (1993–2009)
History
Russian Empire Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union Union of Sovereign States Belavezha Accords (Near abroad) Alma-Ata Protocol
CIS flag
Sports
Unified Team at the Olympics Unified Team at the Paralympics CIS national bandy team CIS national football team CIS national ice hockey team CIS national rugby team CIS Cup (football)
Military
Collective Security Treaty Organization Collective Rapid Reaction Force Joint CIS Air Defense System
Economics
Economic Court CISFTA Eurasian Economic Community Eurasian Patent Convention Eurasian Patent Organization EU Technical Aid
Organization
Interstate Aviation Committee
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (/ˈpuːtɪn/; Russian: Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин; IPA: [vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr vlɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ ˈputʲɪn] (About this sound listen); born 7 October 1952) is the current President of Russia, holding the office since 7 May 2012.[2][3][4] He was Prime Minister from 1999 to 2000, President from 2000 to 2008, and again Prime Minister from 2008 to 2012.[5] During his second term as Prime Minister, he was the Chairman of the ruling United Russia Party.[2]
Born in Leningrad, then part of the Soviet Union, Putin studied Law at the Saint Petersburg State University, graduating in 1975.[6] Putin was a KGB Foreign Intelligence Officer for 16 years, rising to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel before retiring in 1991 to enter politics in Saint Petersburg. He moved to Moscow in 1996 and joined President Boris Yeltsin's administration, rising quickly through the ranks and becoming Acting President on 31 December 1999, when Yeltsin resigned. Putin won the subsequent 2000 Presidential election by a 53% to 30% margin, thus avoiding a runoff with his Communist Party of the Russian Federation opponent, Gennady Zyuganov.[7] He was re-elected President in 2004 with 72% of the vote.
During Putin's first presidency, the Russian economy grew for eight straight years, and GDP measured in purchasing power increased by 72%.[8][9] The growth was a result of the 2000s commodities boom, high oil prices, and prudent economic and fiscal policies.[10][11] Because of constitutionally mandated term limits, Putin was ineligible to run for a third consecutive presidential term in 2008. The 2008 Presidential election was won by Dmitry Medvedev, who appointed Putin Prime Minister, beginning what has been called a period of "tandemocracy".[12] In September 2011, after presidential terms were extended from four to six years,[13] Putin announced he would seek a third term as president. He won the March 2012 presidential election with 64% of the vote, a result which aligned with pre-election polling.[14] Falling oil prices coupled with international sanctions imposed at the beginning of 2014 after Russia's annexation of Crimea and military intervention in Eastern Ukraine led to GDP shrinking by 3.7% in 2015, though the Russian economy rebounded in 2016 with 0.3% GDP growth and is officially out of the recession.[15][16][17][18]
Under Putin's leadership, Russia has scored poorly on both the Economist Intelligence Unit's Democracy Index and Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index. Putin has enjoyed high domestic approval ratings during his career, and received extensive international attention as one of the world's most powerful leaders.
2nd and 4th President of Russia
Incumbent
Assumed office
7 May 2012
Prime Minister Viktor Zubkov
Dmitry Medvedev
Preceded by Dmitry Medvedev
In office
7 May 2000 – 7 May 2008
Acting: 31 December 1999 – 7 May 2000
Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov
Mikhail Fradkov
Viktor Zubkov
Preceded by Boris Yeltsin
Succeeded by Dmitry Medvedev
34th and 38th Prime Minister of Russia
In office
8 May 2008 – 7 May 2012
President Dmitry Medvedev
First Deputy Sergei Ivanov
Viktor Zubkov
Igor Shuvalov
Preceded by Viktor Zubkov
Succeeded by Dmitry Medvedev
In office
16 August 1999 – 7 May 2000
Acting: 9 August 1999 – 16 August 1999
President Boris Yeltsin
First Deputy Nikolai Aksyonenko
Viktor Khristenko
Mikhail Kasyanov
Preceded by Sergei Stepashin
Succeeded by Mikhail Kasyanov
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Union State
In office
27 May 2008 – 18 July 2012
Preceded by Viktor Zubkov
Succeeded by Dmitry Medvedev
Leader of United Russia
In office
7 May 2008 – 26 May 2012
Preceded by Boris Gryzlov
Succeeded by Dmitry Medvedev
Secretary of the Security Council
In office
9 March 1999 – 9 August 1999
President Boris Yeltsin
Preceded by Nikolay Bordyuzha
Succeeded by Sergei Ivanov
Director of the Federal Security Service
In office
25 July 1998 – 29 March 1999
President Boris Yeltsin
Preceded by Nikolay Kovalyov
Succeeded by Nikolai Patrushev
Personal details
Born Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin
7 October 1952 (age 64)
Leningrad, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Nationality Russian
Political party Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1975–91)
Our Home-Russia (1995–99)
Unity (1999–2001)
Independent (1991–95; 2001–08)
United Russia (2008–2012[1])
Other political
affiliations People's Front (2011–present)
Spouse(s) Lyudmila Putina (m. 1983; div. 2014)
Children 2 including Katerina Tikhonova
Residence Novo-Ogaryovo, Moscow, Russia
Alma mater Saint Petersburg State University
Awards =Order of Honor of the Russian Federation Order of Honour
Signature
Website Official website
Military service
Allegiance Soviet Union
Service/branch KGB
Years of service 1975–1991
Rank CCCP air-force Rank podpolkovnik infobox.svg Lieutenant colonel
Vladimir Putin
born 7 October 1952
2nd and 4th President of Russia (2000–2008 and 2012–present day) • 34th and 38th Prime Minister of Russia (1999–2000 and 2008–2012)
Political activities
2000 presidential election 2004 presidential election 2012 presidential election First Cabinet Second Cabinet United Russia People's Front for Russia
Vladimir Putin
Presidency
First inauguration Second inauguration Third inauguration K-141 Kursk Mikhail Khodorkovsky Yukos Alexander Litvinenko Political groups Russian taxes reforms Russian administrative reform 2006 Russian municipal reform Russian educational reform National Priority Projects National champions Russian housing reform 2002 Russian pension reform Monetization of benefits in Russia Putin's Plan Russian compatriots return program Stabilization Fund of the Russian Federation Speeches
Munich speech Crimean speech Valdai speech
Critics
Putin must go Putinism Putin. Corruption Sovereign democracy Putin's Palace Putin. War
Foreign policy
Presidential trips Increasing role in the European energy sector Nord Stream Russia–Ukraine gas disputes Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty Russian military intervention in Ukraine Russian military intervention in Syria Russian involvement in the Syrian Civil War
Internal policy
Federal districts of Russia Legislative proposal acts 2008–2009 Russian financial crisis Russian financial crisis (2014–present)
Family
Vladimir S. Putin† (father) Maria Putina† (mother) Viktor Putin† (brother) Albert Putin† (brother) Lyudmila Putina (former wife) Yekaterina Putina (daughter) Maria Putina (daughter) Buffy (family dog) Koni (family dog)
Public image
Happy Birthday, Mr. Putin! Poyushchie vmeste Walking Together Nashi Putin's rynda Chapel of Russia's Resurrection Putin khuilo! Places named after Putin
Vladimir Putin Peak Putin Prospect (Grozny)
← Boris Yeltsin Dmitry Medvedev →
← Dmitry Medvedev
Category Category
[hide]
v t e
Presidents of the Russian Federation
Presidents
Boris Yeltsin Vladimir Putin Dmitry Medvedev Vladimir Putin
standard of the President of the Russian Federation
Acting Presidents
Alexander Rutskoy Viktor Chernomyrdin Vladimir Putin
[hide]
v t e
Current leaders of the Group of 8
Canada Trudeau France Macron Germany Merkel Italy Gentiloni Japan Abe Russia Putin (suspended) United Kingdom May United States Trump European Union Tusk / Juncker
[hide]
v t e
Current leaders of the Group of 20
Argentina Macri Australia Turnbull Brazil Temer Canada Trudeau China Xi European Union Tusk / Juncker France Macron Germany Merkel India Modi Indonesia Jokowi Italy Gentiloni Japan Abe Mexico Peña Nieto Russia Putin Saudi Arabia Salman South Africa Zuma South Korea Moon Turkey Erdoğan United Kingdom May United States Trump
[hide]
v t e
BRICS
Membership
Brazil Brazil Russia Russia India India China China South Africa South Africa
Summits
Yekaterinburg 2009 Brasília 2010 Sanya 2011 New Delhi 2012 Durban 2013 Fortaleza 2014 Ufa 2015 Goa 2016 Xiamen 2017
Bilateral relations
Brazil–China Brazil–India Brazil–Russia Brazil–South Africa China–India China–Russia China–South Africa India–Russia India–South Africa Russia–South Africa
Leaders
Temer Putin Modi Xi Zuma
Related
New Development Bank BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement BRICS Leaders BRICS Cable BRICS Universities League
BRICS U-17 Football Cup
2016 Goa
[hide]
v t e
Current leaders of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Australia Turnbull Brunei Bolkiah Canada Trudeau Chile Bachelet China Xi Hong Kong Lam Indonesia Jokowi Japan Abe South Korea Moon Malaysia Najib Mexico Peña Nieto New Zealand English Papua New Guinea O'Neill Peru Kuczynski Philippines Duterte Russia Putin Singapore Lee Taiwan Tsai Thailand Chan-o-cha United States Trump Vietnam Quang
[hide]
v t e
Current leaders of the Commonwealth of Independent States
Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev Armenia Serzh Sargsyan Belarus Alexander Lukashenko Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev Kyrgyzstan Almazbek Atambayev Moldova Igor Dodon
Russia Vladimir Putin Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon Turkmenistan Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev
[hide]
v t e
Candidates in the Russian presidential election, 2000
Winner
Vladimir Putin (Independent)
Other candidates
Gennady Zyuganov (Communist Party) Grigory Yavlinsky (Yabloko) Aman Tuleyev (Independent) Vladimir Zhirinovsky (LDPR) Konstantin Titov (Independent) Ella Pamfilova (For Civic Dignity) Stanislav Govorukhin (Independent) Yury Skuratov (Independent) Alexey Podberezkin (Spiritual Heritage) Umar Dzhabrailov (Independent)
Withdrew
Yevgeny Savostyanov (Independent)
[hide]
v t e
Candidates in the Russian presidential election, 2004
Winner
Vladimir Putin (Independent)
Other candidates
Nikolay Kharitonov (Communist Party) Sergey Glazyev (Independent) Irina Khakamada (Independent) Oleg Malyshkin (LDPR) Sergey Mironov (Russian Party of Life)
[hide]
v t e
Candidates in the Russian presidential election, 2012
Winner
Vladimir Putin (United Russia)
Other candidates
Gennady Zyuganov (Communist Party) Mikhail Prokhorov (Independent) Vladimir Zhirinovsky (LDPR) Sergey Mironov (A Just Russia)