Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, PC, DL, FRS, Hon. RA (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British politician, best known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. Widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the 20th century, he served as Prime Minister twice (1940–45 and 1951–55). A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer, and an artist. He is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature and was the first person to be made an Honorary Citizen of the United States.
Churchill was born into an aristocratic family as the grandson of the 7th Duke of Marlborough. His father, Lord Randolph Churchill, was a charismatic politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer; his mother, Jennie Jerome, was an American socialite. As a young army officer, he saw action in British India, the Sudan, and the Second Boer War. He gained fame as a war correspondent and wrote books about his campaigns.
At the forefront of politics for fifty years, he held many political and cabinet positions. Before the First World War, he served as President of the Board of Trade, Home Secretary, and First Lord of the Admiralty as part of the Asquith Liberal government. During the war, he continued as First Lord of the Admiralty until the disastrous Gallipoli Campaign caused his departure from government. He then briefly resumed active army service on the Western Front as commander of the 6th Battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers. He returned to government as Minister of Munitions, Secretary of State for War, and Secretary of State for Air. After the War, Churchill served as Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Conservative (Baldwin) government of 1924–29, controversially returning the pound sterling in 1925 to the gold standard at its pre-war parity, a move widely seen as creating deflationary pressure on the UK economy. Also controversial was his opposition to increased home rule for India and his resistance to the 1936 abdication of Edward VIII.
Out of office and politically "in the wilderness" during the 1930s, Churchill took the lead in warning about Nazi Germany and in campaigning for rearmament. On the outbreak of the Second World War, he was again appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. Following the resignation of Neville Chamberlain on 10 May 1940, Churchill became Prime Minister. His steadfast refusal to consider defeat, surrender, or a compromise peace helped inspire British resistance, especially during the difficult early days of the War when Britain stood alone among European countries in its active opposition to Adolf Hitler. Churchill was particularly noted for his speeches and radio broadcasts, which helped inspire the British people. He led Britain as Prime Minister until victory over Nazi Germany had been secured.
After the Conservative Party lost the 1945 election, he became Leader of the Opposition to the Labour (Attlee) government. After winning the 1951 election, he again became Prime Minister, before retiring in 1955. Upon his death, Elizabeth II granted him the honour of a state funeral, which saw one of the largest assemblies of world statesmen in history.[1] Named the Greatest Briton of all time in a 2002 poll, Churchill is widely regarded as being among the most influential people in British history.
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
In office
26 October 1951 – 7 April 1955
Monarch
George VI
Elizabeth II
Deputy Anthony Eden
Preceded by Clement Attlee
Succeeded by Anthony Eden
In office
10 May 1940 – 26 July 1945
Monarch George VI
Deputy Clement Attlee
Preceded by Neville Chamberlain
Succeeded by Clement Attlee
Leader of the Opposition
In office
26 July 1945 – 26 October 1951
Monarch George VI
Prime Minister Clement Attlee
Preceded by Clement Attlee
Succeeded by Clement Attlee
Leader of the Conservative Party
In office
9 November 1940 – 7 April 1955
Preceded by Neville Chamberlain
Succeeded by Anthony Eden
Secretary of State for Defence
In office
28 October 1951 – 1 March 1952
Prime Minister Himself
Preceded by Emanuel Shinwell
Succeeded by The Earl Alexander of Tunis
In office
10 May 1940 – 26 July 1945
Prime Minister Himself
Preceded by
The Lord Chatfield (Minister for Coordination of Defence)
Succeeded by Clement Attlee
Chancellor of the Exchequer
In office
6 November 1924 – 4 June 1929
Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin
Preceded by Philip Snowden
Succeeded by Philip Snowden
Home Secretary
In office
19 February 1910 – 24 October 1911
Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith
Preceded by Herbert Gladstone
Succeeded by Reginald McKenna
President of the Board of Trade
In office
12 April 1908 – 14 February 1910
Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith
Preceded by David Lloyd George
Succeeded by Sydney Buxton
Member of Parliament
for Woodford
In office
5 July 1945 – 15 October 1964
Preceded by New Constituency
Succeeded by Patrick Jenkin
Member of Parliament
for Epping
In office
29 October 1924 – 5 July 1945
Preceded by Sir Leonard Lyle
Succeeded by Leah Manning
Member of Parliament
for Dundee
with Alexander Wilkie
In office
24 April 1908 – 15 November 1922
Preceded by
Alexander Wilkie
Edmund Robertson
Succeeded by
Edmund Morel
Edwin Scrymgeour
Member of Parliament
for Manchester North West
In office
8 February 1906 – 24 April 1908
Preceded by William Houldsworth
Succeeded by William Joynson-Hicks
Member of Parliament
for Oldham
with Alfred Emmott
In office
24 October 1900 – 12 January 1906
Preceded by
Walter Runciman
Alfred Emmott
Succeeded by
Alfred Emmott
John Albert Bright
Personal details
Born Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill
30 November 1874
Blenheim Palace, Woodstock,
Oxfordshire, England,
United Kingdom
Died 24 January 1965 (aged 90)
28 Hyde Park Gate, London, England
Resting place St Martin's Church, Bladon, Oxfordshire
Citizenship British
Nationality English
Political party
Conservative (1900–04, 1924–64)
Liberal (1904–24)
Spouse(s)
Clementine Churchill
1908–1965 (his death)
Relations
Lord Randolph Churchill (father)
Lady Randolph Churchill (mother)
John Strange Spencer-Churchill (brother)
Pamela Harriman (former daughter-in-law)
Winston Churchill (grandson)
Children
Diana Churchill
Randolph Churchill
Sarah Tuchet-Jesson
Marigold Churchill
Mary Soames
Residence
10 Downing Street (official)
Chartwell (private)
28 Hyde Park Gate, London (private)
Alma mater
Harrow School
Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
Profession Member of Parliament, statesman, soldier, journalist, historian, author, painter
Religion Anglican
Signature
Military service
Allegiance Flag of the United Kingdom.svg British Empire
Service/branch Flag of the British Army.svg British Army
Years of service 1895–1900, 1902–24
Rank Lieutenant-Colonel
Battles/wars
Anglo-Afghan War
· Siege of Malakand
Mahdist War
· Battle of Omdurman
Second Boer War
· Siege of Ladysmith
First World War
· Western Front
Awards
Galó de l'Orde del Mèrit (UK).png Order of Merit
Order of Companions of Honour ribbon.png Companion of Honour
India Medal BAR.svg India Medal
Queens Sudan Medal BAR.svg Queen's Sudan Medal
Queens South Africa Medal 1899-1902 ribbon.png Queen's South Africa Medal
1914 Star BAR.svg 1914–15 Star
British War Medal BAR.svg British War Medal
Allied Victory Medal BAR.svg Victory Medal
Territorial Decoration (UK) ribbon.PNG Territorial Decoration
Winston Churchill
Winston Churchill
Winston Churchill as historian
Winston Churchill as writer
Winston Churchill in politics: 1900-1939
Honours of Winston Churchill
Later life of Winston Churchill
Chartwell
Blenheim Palace
St Martin's Church, Bladon
Churchill portrait NYP 45063.jpg
Writings
The Story of the Malakand Field Force
Savrola
The River War
London to Ladysmith via Pretoria
Ian Hamilton's March
Lord Randolph Churchill
The World Crisis
My Early Life
Marlborough: His Life and Times
Great Contemporaries
While England Slept
The Second World War
A History of the English-Speaking Peoples
Speeches
Blood, toil, tears, and sweat
Be Ye Men of Valour
We shall fight on the beaches
This was their finest hour
Never was so much owed by so many to so few
Family
Father: Lord Randolph Churchill
Mother: Lady Randolph Churchill
Brother: John Strange Spencer-Churchill
Wife: Clementine Churchill, Baroness Spencer-Churchill
Children: Diana
Randolph
Sarah
Marigold
Mary
Grandchildren
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List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom
Kingdom of Great Britain
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Peel
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Petty
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R Churchill
Goschen
Harcourt
Hicks Beach
Ritchie
A Chamberlain
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N Chamberlain
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W Churchill
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Simon
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Lloyd
Maudling
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Howe
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Major
Lamont
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Brown
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Home Secretaries of the United Kingdom
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Straw
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Reid
Smith
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May
Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (HM Government).svg
[hide]
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Defence Secretaries of the United Kingdom
Ministers for Defence
Winston Churchill
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A. V. Alexander
Manny Shinwell
Winston Churchill
The Earl Alexander of Tunis
Harold Macmillan
Selwyn Lloyd
Sir Walter Monckton
Anthony Head
Duncan Sandys
Harold Watkinson
Peter Thorneycroft
Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (HM Government).svg
Secretaries of State for Defence
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The Lord Carrington
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Roy Mason
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George Younger
Tom King
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[hide]
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Leaders of the House of Commons
Walpole
Sandys
Pelham
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H Fox
Pitt the Elder
Vacant (Caretaker Ministry)
Pitt the Elder
Grenville
H Fox
Grenville
Conway
North
C Fox
Townshend
(C Fox/North)
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C Fox
Howick
Perceval
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Canning
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Palmerston
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Gladstone
Disraeli
Gladstone
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Hicks-Beach
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R Churchill
Smith
Balfour
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Harcourt
Balfour
Campbell-Bannerman
Asquith
Bonar Law
A Chamberlain
Bonar Law
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MacDonald
Baldwin
MacDonald
Baldwin
MacDonald
Baldwin
N Chamberlain
W Churchill
Cripps
Eden
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Chuter Ede
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Butler
Macleod
Lloyd
Bowden
Crossman
Peart
Whitelaw
Carr
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Short
Foot
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Wakeham
Howe
MacGregor
Newton
Taylor
Beckett
Cook
Reid
Hain
Hoon
Straw
Harman
Young
[hide]
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Minister of Munitions of the United Kingdom
David Lloyd George
Edwin Samuel Montagu
Christopher Addison
Winston Churchill
Lord Iverforth
[hide]
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Fathers of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom
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Leadership
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The Duke of Wellington
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[hide]
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War Cabinet of Winston Churchill
Prime Minister
Minister of Defence
Winston Churchill (1940–1945)
Photograph
Deputy Prime Minister
Clement Attlee (1942–1945)
Lord President of the Council
Neville Chamberlain (1940)
Sir John Anderson (1940–1943)
Clement Attlee (1943–1945)
Lord Privy Seal
Clement Attlee (1940–1942)
Sir Stafford Cripps (1942)
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Sir Kingsley Wood (1940–1942)
Sir John Anderson (1943–1945)
Foreign Secretary
Viscount Halifax (1940)
Anthony Eden (1940–1945)
Home Secretary
Herbert Morrison (1940–1945)
Minister of Aircraft Production
Lord Beaverbrook (1940–1941)
Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs
Clement Attlee (1942–1943)
Minister of Labour and National Service
Ernest Bevin (1940–1945)
Minister Resident Middle East
Oliver Lyttelton (1942)
Richard Casey (1942–1944)
Lord Moyne (1944)
Minister without Portfolio
Arthur Greenwood (1940–1942)
Minister of Reconstruction
Lord Woolton (1943–1945)
Minister of State
Lord Beaverbrook (1941)
Minister of Supply
Lord Beaverbrook (1941–1942)
Minister of Production
Lord Beaverbrook (1942)
Oliver Lyttelton (1942–1945)
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Caretaker Cabinet of Winston Churchill (May–July 1945)
Lord President of the Council
Lord Woolton
Photograph
Lord Privy Seal
Lord Beaverbrook
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Sir John Anderson
Foreign Secretary
Anthony Eden
Home Secretary
Sir Donald Somervell
First Lord of the Admiralty
Brendan Bracken
Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
Robert Hudson
Secretary of State for Air
Harold Macmillan
Secretary of State for the Colonies
Oliver Stanley
Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs
Viscount Cranborne
Minister of Education
Richard Law
Secretary of State for India and Burma
Leo Amery
Minister of Labour and National Service
Rab Butler
Minister of Production
President of the Board of Trade
Oliver Lyttelton
Secretary of State for Scotland
The Earl of Rosebery
Secretary of State for War
Sir P. J. Grigg
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Cabinet of Sir Winston Churchill (1951–1955)
Prime Minister
First Lord of the Treasury
Sir Winston Churchill (1951–55)
Photograph
Lord Chancellor
The Lord Simonds (1951–54)
The Viscount Kilmuir (1954–55)
Lord President of the Council
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Foreign Secretary
Sir Anthony Eden (1951–55)
Home Secretary
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Sir David Maxwell Fyfe (1951–54)
Gwilym Lloyd George (1954–55)
Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries
David Heathcoat-Armory (1954–55)
Secretary of State for the Colonies
Oliver Lyttelton (1951–54)
Alan Lennox-Boyd (1954–55)
Minister for Coordination of Transport, Fuel and Power
The Lord Leathers (1951–53)
Minister of Defence
Winston Churchill (1951–52)
The Earl Alexander of Tunis (1952–54)
Harold Macmillan (1954–55)
Minister of Education
Sir David Eccles (1954–55)
Minister of Health
Harry Crookshank (1951–52)
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Harold Macmillan (1951–54)
Duncan Sandys (1954–55)
Minister of Labour and National Service
Sir Walter Monckton (1951–55)
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
The Lord Woolton (1952–55)
Minister of Materials
The Lord Woolton (1953–55)
Paymaster General
The Lord Cherwell (1951–53)
Secretary of State for Scotland
James Stuart (1951–55)
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War Cabinet of Neville Chamberlain (1939–1940)
Prime Minister
Leader of the House of Commons
Neville Chamberlain (1939–1940)
Arthur-Neville-Chamberlain.jpg
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Sir Samuel Hoare (1939–1940)
Sir Kingsley Wood (1940)
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Foreign Secretary
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Leslie Hore-Belisha (1939–1940)
Oliver Stanley (1940)
Secretary of State for Air
Sir Kingsley Wood (1939–1940)
Sir Samuel Hoare (1940)
First Lord of the Admirality
Winston Churchill (1939–1940)
Minister for Coordination of Defence
Lord Chatfield (1939–1940)
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Lord Hankey (1939–1940)
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Cold War
Participants and notable figures
ANZUS
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Chinese Civil War (Second round)
1950s
Bamboo Curtain
Korean War
1953 Iranian coup d'état
Uprising of 1953 in East Germany
1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
Partition of Vietnam
First Taiwan Strait Crisis
Geneva Summit (1955)
Poznań 1956 protests
Hungarian Revolution of 1956
Suez Crisis
Sputnik crisis
Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
Cuban Revolution
Kitchen Debate
Asian–African Conference
Bricker Amendment
McCarthyism
Operation Gladio
Iraqi July Revolution
Hallstein Doctrine
1960s
Congo Crisis
Sino-Soviet split
1960 U-2 incident
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Berlin Wall
Portuguese Colonial War (Angolan War of Independence
Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
Mozambican War of Independence)
Cuban missile crisis
Iraqi Ramadan Revolution
1963 Syrian coup d'état[citation needed]
November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état[citation needed]
Vietnam War
1964 Brazilian coup d'état
United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1965–1966)
South African Border War
Transition to the New Order
Domino theory
ASEAN Declaration
Laotian Civil War
1966 Syrian coup d'état[citation needed]
Argentine Revolution
Korean DMZ Conflict
Greek military junta of 1967–1974
USS Pueblo incident
Six-Day War
War of Attrition
Cultural Revolution
Sino-Indian War
Prague Spring
Invasion of Czechoslovakia
Iraqi Ba'athist Revolution
Goulash Communism
Sino-Soviet border conflict
1970s
Détente
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
Black September in Jordan
1970 Syrian Corrective Revolution[citation needed]
Cambodian Civil War
Realpolitik
Ping Pong Diplomacy
Four Power Agreement on Berlin
1972 Nixon visit to China
1973 Chilean coup d'état
Yom Kippur War
Carnation Revolution
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
Rhodesian Bush War
Angolan Civil War
Mozambican Civil War
Ogaden War
Ethiopian Civil War
Lebanese Civil War
Sino-Albanian split
Cambodian–Vietnamese War
Sino-Vietnamese War
Iranian Revolution
Operation Condor
Dirty War
Bangladesh Liberation War
Korean Air Lines Flight 902
1980s
Soviet war in Afghanistan
1980 and 1984 Summer Olympics boycotts
Solidarity
Soviet reaction
Contras
Central American crisis
RYAN
Korean Air Lines Flight 007
Able Archer 83
Star Wars
Invasion of Grenada
People Power Revolution
Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
United States invasion of Panama
Fall of the Berlin Wall
Revolutions of 1989
Glasnost
Perestroika
1990s
Democratic Revolution in Mongolia
Breakup of Yugoslavia
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
Foreign policy
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
Containment
Eisenhower Doctrine
Domino theory
Kennedy Doctrine
Peaceful coexistence
Ostpolitik
Johnson Doctrine
Brezhnev Doctrine
Nixon Doctrine
Ulbricht Doctrine
Carter Doctrine
Reagan Doctrine
Rollback
Ideologies
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Chicago school
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Neoclassical economics
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Thatcherism
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Liberal democracy
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Organizations
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KGB
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Propaganda
Active measures
Izvestia
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Crusade for Freedom
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
Red Scare
TASS
Voice of America
Voice of Russia
Races
Arms race
Nuclear arms race
Space Race
See also
Brinkmanship
NATO–Russia relations
Soviet and Russian espionage in U.S.
Soviet Union–United States relations
US–Soviet summits
Category
Portal
Timeline
List of conflicts
[hide]
v
t
e
Notable figures of the Cold War
Soviet Union
Joseph Stalin
Vyacheslav Molotov
Georgy Malenkov
Andrei Gromyko
Nikita Khrushchev
Anatoly Dobrynin
Leonid Brezhnev
Alexei Kosygin
Yuri Andropov
Konstantin Chernenko
Mikhail Gorbachev
Nikolai Ryzhkov
Eduard Shevardnadze
Gennady Yanayev
Boris Yeltsin
United States
Harry S. Truman
George Marshall
Joseph McCarthy
Dwight D. Eisenhower
John Foster Dulles
Francis Gary Powers
John F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy
Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
Robert McNamara
Lyndon B. Johnson
Richard Nixon
Henry Kissinger
Gerald Ford
Jimmy Carter
Ronald Reagan
George P. Shultz
Caspar Weinberger
George Bush
China and Taiwan
Chiang Kai-shek
Mao Zedong
Lin Biao
Zhou Enlai
Hua Guofeng
Deng Xiaoping
Chiang Ching-kuo
Hu Yaobang
Zhao Ziyang
Japan
Hirohito
Shigeru Yoshida
Ichirō Hatoyama
Germany
Walter Ulbricht
Konrad Adenauer
Walter Hallstein
Willy Brandt
Helmut Schmidt
Helmut Kohl
Erich Honecker
United Kingdom
Winston Churchill
Clement Attlee
Ernest Bevin
Anthony Eden
Harold Macmillan
Alec Douglas-Home
Kim Philby
Harold Wilson
Edward Heath
James Callaghan
Margaret Thatcher
Italy
Alcide De Gasperi
Palmiro Togliatti
Giulio Andreotti
Aldo Moro
Enrico Berlinguer
Francesco Cossiga
Bettino Craxi
France
Charles de Gaulle
Alain Poher
Georges Pompidou
Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
François Mitterrand
Northern Europe
Urho Kekkonen
Dag Hammarskjöld
Spain
Francisco Franco
Luis Carrero Blanco
Juan Carlos I of Spain
Adolfo Suárez
Felipe González
Portugal
António de Oliveira Salazar
Marcelo Caetano
Álvaro Cunhal
Salgueiro Maia
Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho
António de Spínola
Vasco Gonçalves
António Ramalho Eanes
Mário Soares
Francisco de Sá Carneiro
Aníbal Cavaco Silva
Poland
Bolesław Bierut
Władysław Gomułka
Edward Gierek
Wojciech Jaruzelski
Pope John Paul II
Lech Wałęsa
Canada
William Lyon Mackenzie King
Louis St. Laurent
John Diefenbaker
Lester B. Pearson
Pierre Trudeau
Joe Clark
John Turner
Brian Mulroney
Kim Campbell
Philippines
Benigno Aquino, Jr.
Corazon Aquino
Juan Ponce Enrile
Gregorio Honasan
Nur Misuari
Jose Maria Sison
Diosdado Macapagal
Ferdinand Marcos
Imelda Marcos
Fidel V. Ramos
Africa
Agostinho Neto
José Eduardo dos Santos
Jonas Savimbi (Angola)
Denis Sassou Nguesso (Congo)
Patrice Lumumba
Mobutu Sese Seko (Congo/Zaire)
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Anwar Sadat (Egypt)
Haile Selassie I
Mengistu Haile Mariam (Ethiopia)
Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana)
Muammar Gaddafi (Libya)
Ian Smith
Joshua Nkomo
Robert Mugabe (Rhodesia/Zimbabwe)
Siad Barre (Somalia)
B. J. Vorster
P. W. Botha
F. W. de Klerk
Nelson Mandela (South Africa)
Gaafar Nimeiry (Sudan)
Julius Nyerere (Tanzania)
Milton Obote
Idi Amin (Uganda)
Eastern Bloc
Enver Hoxha (Albania)
Todor Zhivkov (Bulgaria)
Alexander Dubček (Czechoslovakia)
Mátyás Rákosi
Imre Nagy
János Kádár (Hungary)
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
Nicolae Ceaușescu (Romania)
Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia)
Latin America
Juan Perón
Eva Perón
Isabel Martínez de Perón
Che Guevara
Jorge Rafael Videla
Leopoldo Galtieri (Argentina)
Getúlio Vargas
Luís Carlos Prestes
Leonel Brizola
João Goulart
Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco (Brazil)
Salvador Allende
Augusto Pinochet (Chile)
Fulgencio Batista
Fidel Castro
Raúl Castro (Cuba)
Anastasio Somoza García
Luis Somoza Debayle
Anastasio Somoza Debayle
Daniel Ortega (Nicaragua)
Marcos Pérez Jiménez
Rómulo Betancourt (Venezuela)
Omar Torrijos
Manuel Noriega (Panama)
Jacobo Árbenz
Carlos Castillo Armas
Efraín Ríos Montt (Guatemala)
Middle East
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Mohammad Mosaddegh
Ruhollah Khomeini (Iran)
Abd al-Karim Qasim
Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
Saddam Hussein (Iraq)
Golda Meir
Menachem Begin
Yasser Arafat (Israel/Palestine)
Michel Aflaq
Salah Jadid
Hafez al-Assad (Syria)
Faisal of Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia)
South and East Asia
Nur Muhammad Taraki
Hafizullah Amin
Babrak Karmal
Mohammad Najibullah
Ahmad Shah Massoud (Afghanistan)
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Bangladesh)
U Nu
Ne Win
U Thant (Burma)
Norodom Sihanouk
Lon Nol
Pol Pot
Hun Sen (Cambodia)
Indira Gandhi
Jawaharlal Nehru (India)
Sukarno
Suharto
Mohammad Hatta
Adam Malik (Indonesia)
Kim Il-sung
Syngman Rhee
Park Chung-hee (Korea)
Ayub Khan
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (Pakistan)
Ho Chi Minh
Le Duan
Ngo Dinh Diem
Nguyen Van Thieu (Vietnam)
Australia and the Pacific
Robert Menzies
Harold Holt
Gough Whitlam (Australia)
Keith Holyoake
David Lange (New Zealand)
Category
Portal
Timeline of events
[hide]
v
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Recipients of the Charlemagne Prize
1950–1969
1950 Richard Nikolaus Graf Coudenhove-Kalergi
1951 Hendrik Brugmans
1952 Alcide de Gasperi
1953 Jean Monnet
1954 Konrad Adenauer
1955
1956 Sir Winston S. Churchill
1957 Paul Henri Spaak
1958 Robert Schuman
1959 George C. Marshall
1960 Joseph Bech
1961 Walter Hallstein
1962
1963 Edward Heath
1964 Antonio Segni
1965
1966 Jens Otto Krag
1967 Joseph Luns
1968
1969 European Commission
1970–1989
1970 François Seydoux de Clausonne
1971
1972 Roy Jenkins
1973 Don Salvador de Madariaga
1974
1975
1976 Leo Tindemans
1977 Walter Scheel
1978 Konstantinos Karamanlis
1979 Emilio Colombo
1980
1981 Simone Veil
1982 King Juan Carlos I
1983
1984
1985
1986 People of Luxembourg
1987 Henry Kissinger
1988 François Mitterrand / Helmut Kohl
1989 Frère Roger
1990–2009
1990 Gyula Horn
1991 Václav Havel
1992 Jacques Delors
1993 Felipe González Márquez
1994 Gro Harlem Brundtland
1995 Franz Vranitzky
1996 Queen Beatrix
1997 Roman Herzog
1998 Bronisław Geremek
1999 Tony Blair
2000 Bill Clinton
2001 György Konrád
2002 Euro
2003 Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
2004 Pat Cox / Pope John Paul II1
2005 Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
2006 Jean-Claude Juncker
2007 Javier Solana
2008 Angela Merkel
2009 Andrea Riccardi
2010–2029
2010 Donald Tusk
2011 Jean-Claude Trichet
2012 Wolfgang Schäuble
1 Received extraordinary prize.
[hide]
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Nobel Laureates in Literature (1951–1975)
Pär Lagerkvist (1951)
François Mauriac (1952)
Winston Churchill (1953)
Ernest Hemingway (1954)
Halldór Laxness (1955)
Juan Ramón Jiménez (1956)
Albert Camus (1957)
Boris Pasternak (1958)
Salvatore Quasimodo (1959)
Saint-John Perse (1960)
Ivo Andrić (1961)
John Steinbeck (1962)
Giorgos Seferis (1963)
Jean-Paul Sartre (declined award) (1964)
Mikhail Sholokhov (1965)
Shmuel Yosef Agnon / Nelly Sachs (1966)
Miguel Ángel Asturias (1967)
Yasunari Kawabata (1968)
Samuel Beckett (1969)
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn (1970)
Pablo Neruda (1971)
Heinrich Böll (1972)
Patrick White (1973)
Eyvind Johnson / Harry Martinson (1974)
Eugenio Montale (1975)
Complete list
(1901–1925)
(1926–1950)
(1951–1975)
(1976–2000)
(2001–2025)
[hide]
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Time Persons of the Year
[hide]
1927–1950
Charles Lindbergh (1927)
Walter Chrysler (1928)
Owen D. Young (1929)
Mahatma Gandhi (1930)
Pierre Laval (1931)
Franklin D. Roosevelt (1932)
Hugh Samuel Johnson (1933)
Franklin D. Roosevelt (1934)
Haile Selassie I (1935)
Wallis Simpson (1936)
Chiang Kai-shek / Soong May-ling (1937)
Adolf Hitler (1938)
Joseph Stalin (1939)
Winston Churchill (1940)
Franklin D. Roosevelt (1941)
Joseph Stalin (1942)
George Marshall (1943)
Dwight D. Eisenhower (1944)
Harry S. Truman (1945)
James F. Byrnes (1946)
George Marshall (1947)
Harry S. Truman (1948)
Winston Churchill (1949)
The American Fighting-Man (1950)
[hide]
1951–1975
Mohammed Mosaddeq (1951)
Elizabeth II (1952)
Konrad Adenauer (1953)
John Foster Dulles (1954)
Harlow Curtice (1955)
Hungarian Freedom Fighters (1956)
Nikita Khrushchev (1957)
Charles de Gaulle (1958)
Dwight D. Eisenhower (1959)
U.S. Scientists: George Beadle / Charles Draper / John Enders / Donald A. Glaser / Joshua Lederberg / Willard Libby / Linus Pauling / Edward Purcell / Isidor Rabi / Emilio Segrè / William Shockley / Edward Teller / Charles Townes / James Van Allen / Robert Woodward (1960)
John F. Kennedy (1961)
Pope John XXIII (1962)
Martin Luther King, Jr. (1963)
Lyndon B. Johnson (1964)
William Westmoreland (1965)
The Generation Twenty-Five and Under (1966)
Lyndon B. Johnson (1967)
The Apollo 8 Astronauts: William Anders / Frank Borman / Jim Lovell (1968)
The Middle Americans (1969)
Willy Brandt (1970)
Richard Nixon (1971)
Henry Kissinger / Richard Nixon (1972)
John Sirica (1973)
King Faisal (1974)
American Women: Susan Brownmiller / Kathleen Byerly / Alison Cheek / Jill Conway / Betty Ford / Ella Grasso / Carla Hills / Barbara Jordan / Billie Jean King / Susie Sharp / Carol Sutton / Addie Wyatt (1975)
[hide]
1976–2000
Jimmy Carter (1976)
Anwar Sadat (1977)
Deng Xiaoping (1978)
Ayatollah Khomeini (1979)
Ronald Reagan (1980)
Lech Wałęsa (1981)
The Computer (1982)
Ronald Reagan / Yuri Andropov (1983)
Peter Ueberroth (1984)
Deng Xiaoping (1985)
Corazon Aquino (1986)
Mikhail Gorbachev (1987)
The Endangered Earth (1988)
Mikhail Gorbachev (1989)
George H. W. Bush (1990)
Ted Turner (1991)
Bill Clinton (1992)
The Peacemakers: Yasser Arafat / F. W. de Klerk / Nelson Mandela / Yitzhak Rabin (1993)
Pope John Paul II (1994)
Newt Gingrich (1995)
David Ho (1996)
Andrew Grove (1997)
Bill Clinton / Ken Starr (1998)
Jeffrey P. Bezos (1999)
George W. Bush (2000)
[hide]
2001–present
Rudolph Giuliani (2001)
The Whistleblowers: Cynthia Cooper / Coleen Rowley / Sherron Watkins (2002)
The American Soldier (2003)
George W. Bush (2004)
The Good Samaritans: Bono / Bill Gates / Melinda Gates (2005)
You (2006)
Vladimir Putin (2007)
Barack Obama (2008)
Ben Bernanke (2009)
Mark Zuckerberg (2010)
The Protester (2011)
Barack Obama (2012)
World War II (WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, with more than 100 million people serving in military units. In a state of "total war", the major participants placed their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the only use of nuclear weapons in warfare, it resulted in 50 million to over 75 million fatalities. These deaths make World War II by far the deadliest conflict in human history.[1]
The Empire of Japan aimed to dominate East Asia and was already at war with the Republic of China in 1937,[2] but the world war is generally said to have begun on 1 September, 1939 with the invasion of Poland by Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and Britain. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany formed the Axis alliance with Italy, conquering or subduing much of continental Europe. Following the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories between themselves of their European neighbours, including Poland. The United Kingdom and the other members of the British Commonwealth were the only major Allied forces continuing the fight against the Axis, with battles taking place in North Africa as well as the long-running Battle of the Atlantic. In June 1941, the European Axis launched an invasion of the Soviet Union, giving a start to the largest land theatre of war in history, which tied down the major part of the Axis' military forces for the rest of the war. In December 1941, Japan joined the Axis, attacked the United States and European territories in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific.
The Axis advance was stopped in 1942, after Japan lost a series of naval battles and European Axis troops were defeated in North Africa and, decisively, at Stalingrad. In 1943, with a series of German defeats in Eastern Europe, the Allied invasion of Italy, and American victories in the Pacific, the Axis lost the initiative and undertook strategic retreat on all fronts. In 1944, the Western Allies invaded France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the United States defeated the Japanese Navy and captured key Western Pacific islands.
The war in Europe ended with the capture of Berlin by Soviet and Polish troops and the subsequent German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945. Following the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July 1945, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima on 6 August, and Nagasaki on 9 August. With an invasion of the Japanese archipelago imminent, and the Soviet Union having declared war on Japan by invading Manchuria, Japan surrendered on 15 August 1945, ending the war in Asia and cementing the total victory of the Allies over the Axis.
World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world. The United Nations (UN) was established to foster international cooperation and prevent future conflicts. The great powers that were the victors of the war—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, and France—became the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.[3] The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers started to decline, while the decolonisation of Asia and Africa began. Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to stabilise postwar relations and fight more effectively in the Cold War.
World War II
Western Europe
Eastern Europe
Mediterranean and Middle East
Asia and the Pacific
Atlantic
Casualties
Military engagements
Conferences
Commanders
Participants
Allies
(leaders)
Australia
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
China
Czechoslovakia
Ethiopia
Finland (1944–1945)
France
Greece
India
Italy (from September 1943)
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Philippines (Commonwealth)
Poland
South Africa
Soviet Union
United Kingdom
United States
Yugoslavia
Axis and
Axis-aligned
(leaders)
Bulgaria
Reorganized National Government of China
Independent State of Croatia
Finland
Germany
Hungary
Free India
Iraq
Italy (until September 1943)
Italian Social Republic
Japan
Manchukuo
Philippines (Second Republic)
Romania
Slovakia
Thailand
Vichy France
Resistance
Albania
Austria
Baltic States
Belgium
Czech lands
Denmark
Estonia
Ethiopia
France
Germany
Greece
Hong Kong
India
Italy
Jewish
Korea
Latvia
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Philippines
Poland (Anti-communist)
Romania
Thailand
Soviet Union
Slovakia
Western Ukraine
Vietnam
Yugoslavia
Timeline
Prelude
Africa
Asia
Europe
1939
Poland
Phoney War
Winter War
Atlantic
Changsha
China
1940
Weserübung
Netherlands
Belgium
France
Britain
North Africa
West Africa
British Somaliland
Baltic States
Moldova
Indochina
Greece
Compass
1941
East Africa
Yugoslavia
Yugoslav Front
Greece
Crete
Iraq
Soviet Union (Barbarossa)
Finland
Lithuania
Syria and Lebanon
Kiev
Iran
Leningrad
Moscow
Sevastopol
Pearl Harbor
Hong Kong
Philippines
Changsha
Malaya
Borneo (1941–42)
1942
Burma
Changsha
Coral Sea
Gazala
Midway
Blue
Stalingrad
Dieppe
El Alamein
Guadalcanal
Torch
1943
Tunisia
Kursk
Smolensk
Solomon Islands
Sicily
Lower Dnieper
Italy
Gilbert and Marshall Islands
Changde
1944
Monte Cassino / Shingle
Narva
Korsun-Cherkassy
Tempest
Ichi-Go
Overlord
Neptune
Normandy
Mariana and Palau
Bagration
Western Ukraine
Tannenberg Line
Warsaw
Eastern Romania
Belgrade
Paris
Gothic Line
Market Garden
Estonia
Crossbow
Pointblank
Lapland
Hungary
Leyte
Ardennes
Burma (1944–1945)
1945
Bodenplatte
Vistula-Oder
Iwo Jima
Okinawa
Italy (Spring 1945)
Syrmian Front
Berlin
Czechoslovakia
Budapest
West Hunan
Surrender of Germany
Project Hula
Manchuria
Manila
Borneo
Atomic bombings
Kuril Islands
Shumshu
Surrender of Japan
Aspects
General
Air warfare of World War II
Attacks on North America
Blitzkrieg
Comparative military ranks
Cryptography
Home front
Lend-Lease
Manhattan Project
Military awards
Military equipment
Military production
Nazi plunder
Technology
Total war
Strategic bombing
Bengal famine of 1943
Aftermath
Effects
Expulsion of Germans
Operation Paperclip
Operation Keelhaul
Occupation of Germany
Morgenthau Plan
Territorial changes of Germany
Soviet occupations
Romania
Poland
Hungary
Baltic States
Occupation of Japan
First Indochina War
Indonesian National Revolution
Cold War
Decolonization
Popular culture
War crimes
Allied war crimes
Soviet war crimes
United States war crimes
German / Wehrmacht war crimes
The Holocaust
Italian war crimes
Japanese war crimes
Unit 731
Croatian war crimes (against the Serbs / against the Jews)
Serbian war crimes
Prostitution
War rape
German military brothels
Camp brothels
Rape during the occupation of Japan
Comfort women
Rape of Nanking
Rape during the occupation of Germany
Prisoners
Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
German prisoners of war in the United States
Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
Japanese prisoners of war in World War II
Nazi crimes against Soviet POWs
Polish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
100 Greatest Britons was broadcast in 2002 by the BBC. The programme was based on a television poll conducted to determine whom the United Kingdom public considered the greatest British people in history.[1][2] The series, Great Britons, included individual programmes featuring the individuals who featured in the top ten, with viewers having further opportunities to vote after each programme.[3] It concluded with a debate. All of the top 10 were dead by the year of broadcast.
The poll resulted in nominees including Guy Fawkes, who was executed for trying to blow up the Parliament of England; Oliver Cromwell who created a republican England; Richard III, suspected of murdering his nephews; James Connolly, an Irish nationalist and socialist who was executed by the Crown in 1916; and a surprisingly high ranking of 17th for actor and singer Michael Crawford (the second highest-ranked entertainer, after John Lennon). Diana, Princess of Wales was judged to be a greater historical British figure than William Shakespeare by BBC respondents to the survey. In addition to the Britons, some notable non-British entrants were listed, including two Irish nationals, the philanthropic musicians Bono and Bob Geldof. Furthermore, many candidates were from an era in which Britishness did not exist. The top 19 entries were people of English origin (though Sir Ernest Shackleton and Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, were both born into Anglo-Irish families when what is now the Republic of Ireland was part of the United Kingdom). The highest-placed Scottish entry was Alexander Fleming in 20th place, with the highest Welsh entry, Owain Glyndŵr, at number 23.[4] Sixty had lived in the twentieth century. The highest-ranked living person was Margaret Thatcher, who placed 16th.[5] Ringo Starr is the only member of The Beatles not on the list. Perhaps the most surprising high entry was Isambard Kingdom Brunel, whose 2nd place was due largely to "students from Brunel University who have been campaigning vigorously for the engineer for weeks."[6]
The opening and closing ceremonies of the 2012 Summer Olympics featured the two greatest Britons, Isambard Kingdom Brunel and Winston Churchill as main characters, played by Kenneth Branagh and Timothy Spall, each of them reading a monologue from William Shakespeare's The Tempest
Top 10 on the list
Because of the nature of the poll used to select and rank the Britons, the results do not claim to be an objective assessment. They are as follows:
Rank Name Time Frame Image Occupation Notability
1 Sir Winston Churchill (1874–1965) Sir Winston S Churchill.jpg Politician Prime Minister during World War II, historically ranked the greatest British prime minister.
2 Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806–1859) IKBrunelChains.jpg Engineer Creator of the Great Western Railway, and designer of numerous significant ships, tunnels and bridges.
3 Diana, Princess of Wales (1961–1997) Международная Леонардо-премия 18.jpg Member of the British Royal family. Philanthropist. First wife of Charles, Prince of Wales (marriage 1981–1996), and mother of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Prince Harry.
4 Charles Darwin (1809–1882) Charles Darwin seated crop.jpg Naturalist Originator of the theory of evolution through natural selection and author of On the Origin of Species.
5 William Shakespeare (1564–1616) Shakespeare.jpg Poet and playwright Thought of by many as the greatest of all English writers.
6 Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1727) GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg Physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher and biblical scholar Originator of universal gravitation and laws of classical mechanics and laws of motion. His Principia is one of the most influential works in the history of science.
7 Queen Elizabeth I (1533–1603) Darnley stage 3.jpg Queen regnant Popular monarch of England (reigned 1558–1603) who brought a period of relative internal stability. She is associated with the defeat of the Spanish Armada.
8 John Lennon (1940–1980) John Lennon 1964 001 cropped.png Composer, musician, philanthropist, peace activist, artist, and writer. Co-writer with Paul McCartney in The Beatles and solo musician.
9 Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson (1758–1805) HoratioNelson1.jpg Naval commander Famous for his service in the Royal Navy, particularly during the Napoleonic Wars.
10 Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658) Oliver Cromwell by Samuel Cooper.jpg Military and political leader 1st Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland. Commander of the New Model Army during the English Civil War against King Charles I.
The complete list of the top 100 in alphabetical order
Alfred the Great
Andrews, Julie
Attenborough, David
Austen, Jane
Babbage, Charles
Baden Powell
Bader, Douglas
Beckham, David
Bell, Alexander Graham
Benn, Tony
Berners Lee, Tim
Bevan, Aneurin
Blair, Tony
Blake, William
Bono
Booth, William
Boudicca
Bowie, David
Boy George
Branson, Richard
Bruce, Robert
Brunel, Isambard Kingdom
Burton, Richard
Campbell, Donald
Caxton, William
Chaplin, Charlie
Chaucer, Geoffrey
Cheshire, Leonard
Churchill, Winston
Connelly, James
Cook, Captain
Crawford, Michael
Cromwell, Oliver
Crowley, Aleister
Darwin, Charles
Diana, Princess of Wales
Dickens, Charles
Drake, Francis
Edward I
Elgar, Edward
Elizabeth I
Faraday, Michael
Fawkes, Guy
Fleming, Alexander
Geldof, Bob
Glyndwr, Owain
Harrison, George
Harrison, John
Hawking, Stephen
Henry II
Henry V
Henry VIII
Jenner, Edward
King Arthur
Lawrence, TE (L of Arabia)
Lennon, John
Livingstone, David
Lloyd George, David
Logie Baird, John
Lydon, John
Maxwell, James Clerk
McCartney, Paul
Mercury, Freddie
Montgomery
Moore, Bobby
More, Thomas
Morecambe, Eric
Nelson, Horatio
Newton, Isaac
Nightingale, Florence
Paine, Thomas
Pankhurst, Emmeline
Peel, John
Powell, Enoch
Queen Elizabeth II
Queen Mother
Queen Victoria
Raleigh, Walter
Redgrave, Steve
Richard III
Richard, Cliff
Rowling, J.K.
Scott, Captain
Shackleton, Ernest
Shakespeare, William
Stephenson, George
Stopes, Marie
Thatcher, Margaret
The Unknown Soldier
Tindale/Tyndale, William
Tolkien, J R R
Turing, Alan
Wallace, William
Wallis, Barnes
Watt, James
Wellington, Duke of
Wesley, John
Whittle, Frank
Wilberforce, William
Williams, Robbie
British coinage
Current circulation
One penny Two pence Five pence Ten pence Twenty pence Fifty pence One pound Two pounds
Commemorative and bullion
Twenty-five pence Five pounds Maundy money Quarter sovereign Half sovereign Sovereign Britannia
Withdrawn (decimal)
Half penny
Withdrawn (pre-decimal,
selected coins)
Quarter-farthing Third-farthing Half-farthing Farthing Halfpenny Penny Threepence Groat Sixpence One shilling Two shillings (florin) Half crown Double florin (four shillings) Crown Half guinea Guinea
See also
Pound sterling Coins of the pound sterling List of British banknotes and coins Scottish coinage Coins of Ireland List of people on coins of the United Kingdom
Coins of England
Silver
Sceat Penny (to 1066, 1066–1154, 1154–1485, 1485–1603, 1603–1707) Farthing Groat Shilling Sixpence Three farthings Three halfpence Crown Half crown
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Copper
Farthing
Coins of England category
Types of British coinage
Falkland Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey St Helena and Ascension United Kingdom
1967 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1967
MCMLXVII
Ab urbe condita 2720
Armenian calendar 1416
ԹՎ ՌՆԺԶ
Assyrian calendar 6717
Bahá'í calendar 123–124
Bengali calendar 1374
Berber calendar 2917
British Regnal year 15 Eliz. 2 – 16 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar 2511
Burmese calendar 1329
Byzantine calendar 7475–7476
Chinese calendar 丙午年十一月廿一日
(4603/4663-11-21)
— to —
丁未年十二月初一日
(4604/4664-12-1)
Coptic calendar 1683–1684
Ethiopian calendar 1959–1960
Hebrew calendar 5727–5728
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat 2023–2024
- Shaka Samvat 1889–1890
- Kali Yuga 5068–5069
Holocene calendar 11967
Iranian calendar 1345–1346
Islamic calendar 1386–1387
Japanese calendar Shōwa 42
(昭和42年)
Julian calendar Gregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar 4300
Minguo calendar ROC 56
民國56年
Thai solar calendar 2510
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1967
Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar.
Events
January
January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of the British North America Act, 1867, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair.
January 4 – The Doors' self-titled debut album is released.
January 5
Spain and Romania sign in Paris an agreement establishing full consular and commercial relations (not diplomatic ones).
Charlie Chaplin launches his last film, A Countess From Hong Kong, in the UK.
January 6 – Vietnam War: USMC and ARVN troops launch Operation Deckhouse Five in the Mekong River Delta.
January 8 – Vietnam War: Operation Cedar Falls starts.
January 10 – Segregationist Lester Maddox is sworn in as Governor of Georgia.
January 12 – Dr. James Bedford becomes the first person to be cryonically preserved with the intent of future resuscitation.
January 13 – A military coup occurs in Togo under the leadership of Etienne Eyadema.
January 14
The New York Times reports that the U.S. Army is conducting secret germ warfare experiments.
The Human Be-In takes place in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco; the event sets the stage for the Summer of Love.
January 15
Louis Leakey announces the discovery of pre-human fossils in Kenya; he names the species Kenyapithecus africanus.
January 15 The first Super Bowl is played in Los Angeles The Green Bay Packers defeat the Kansas City Chiefs 35-10.
The United Kingdom enters the first round of negotiations for European Economic Community membership in Rome.
January 18
Albert DeSalvo (The Boston Strangler) is convicted of numerous crimes and sentenced to life in prison.
Jeremy Thorpe becomes leader of the UK's Liberal Party.
A Fistful of Dollars, the first significant "spaghetti Western" film, is released in the United States.
January 23
In Munich, the trial begins of Wilhelm Harster, accused of the murder of 82,856 Jews (including Anne Frank) when he led German security police during the German occupation of the Netherlands. He is eventually sentenced to 15 years in prison.
The new town of Milton Keynes (England) is founded by Order in Council.
January 26 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom decides to nationalize 90% of the British steel industry.
January 27
Apollo 1: U.S. astronauts Gus Grissom, Edward Higgins White, and Roger Chaffee are killed when fire breaks out in their Apollo spacecraft during a launch pad test.
The United States, Soviet Union and United Kingdom sign the Outer Space Treaty.
January 31 – West Germany and Romania establish diplomatic relations.
February
February 2 – The American Basketball Association is formed.
February 3 – Ronald Ryan becomes the last man hanged in Australia, for murdering a guard while escaping from prison in December 1965.
February 4 – The Soviet Union protests the demonstrations before its embassy in Beijing.
February 5
NASA launches Lunar Orbiter 3.
Italy's first guided missile cruiser, the Vittorio Veneto (C550), is launched.
General Anastasio Somoza Debayle becomes president of Nicaragua.
February 6 – Alexei Kosygin arrives in the UK for an 8-day visit. He meets The Queen on February 9.
February 7
The Chinese government announces that it can no longer guarantee the safety of Soviet diplomats outside the Soviet Embassy building.
Serious bushfires in southern Tasmania claim 62 lives, and destroys 2,642.7 square kilometres (653,025.4 acres) of land.
Mazenod College, Victoria opens in Australia.
February 10 – The 25th Amendment to the United States Constitution (presidential succession and disability) is ratified.
February 11 – Burgess Ice Rise lying off the west coast of Alexander Island, Antarctica is first mapped by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS).
February 13 – American researchers discover the Madrid Codices by Leonardo da Vinci in the National Library of Spain.[1]
February 14 – Respect is recorded by Aretha Franklin (to be released in April).
February 15 – The Soviet Union announces that it has sent troops near the Chinese border.
February 18 – New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison claims he will solve the John F. Kennedy assassination, and that a conspiracy was planned in New Orleans.
February 22
Suharto takes power from Sukarno in Indonesia (see Transition to the New Order and Supersemar).
Donald Sangster becomes the new Prime Minister of Jamaica, succeeding Alexander Bustamante.
February 23
Trinidad and Tobago is the first Commonwealth nation to join the Organization of American States.
The 25th Amendment to the United States Constitution is enacted.
February 24 – Moscow forbids its satellite states to form diplomatic relations with West Germany.
February 25
The Chinese government announces that it has ordered the army to help in the spring seeding.
Britain's second Polaris missile submarine, HMS Renown, is launched.
February 26 – A Soviet nuclear test is conducted at the Semipalatinsk Test Site, Eastern Kazakhstan.
February 27 – The Dutch government supports British EEC membership.
March
March 1
The city of Hatogaya, Saitama, Japan is founded.
Brazilian police arrest Franz Stangl, ex-commander of Treblinka and Sobibór concentration camps.
The Red Guards return to schools in China.
The Queen Elizabeth Hall is opened in London.
March 4
The first North Sea gas is pumped ashore at Easington, East Riding of Yorkshire.
Queens Park Rangers become the first 3rd Division side to win the League Cup at Wembley Stadium, defeating West Bromwich Albion 3–2.
March 7 – Jimmy Hoffa begins his 8-year sentence for attempting to bribe a jury.
March 9 – Joseph Stalin's daughter, Svetlana Alliluyeva, defects to the USA via the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi.
March 12
The Indonesian State Assembly takes all presidential powers from Sukarno and names Suharto as acting president.
The Velvet Underground's groundbreaking first album, The Velvet Underground & Nico, is released. It is initially a disaster but receives widespread critical and commercial acclaim in later years.
March 13 – Moise Tshombe, ex-prime minister of Congo, is sentenced to death in absentia.
March 14
The body of U.S. President John F. Kennedy is moved to a permanent burial place at Arlington National Cemetery.
Nine executives of the German pharmaceutical company Grunenthal are charged for breaking German drug laws because of thalidomide.
March 16 – In the Aspida case in Greece, 15 officers are sentenced to 2–18 years in prison, accused of treason and intentions of staging a coup.
March 18 – The supertanker Torrey Canyon runs aground in between Land's End and the Scilly Isles.
March 19 – A referendum in French Somaliland favors the connection to France.
March 21 – A military coup takes place in Sierra Leone.
March 26 – 10,000 gather for the Central Park Be-In.
March 28 – Pope Paul VI issues the encyclical Populorum Progressio.
March 29
A 13-day TV strike begins in the U.S.
The first French nuclear submarine, Le Redoutable, is launched.
The SEACOM telephone cable is inaugurated.
Fleet Air Arm and Royal Air Force bomb the Torrey Canyon and sink her.
March 31 – U.S. President Lyndon Johnson signs the Consular Treaty.
April
April 2 – A United Nations delegation arrives in Aden due to approaching independence. They leave April 7, accusing British authorities of lack of cooperation. The British say the delegation did not contact them.
April 4 – Martin Luther King, Jr. denounces the Vietnam War during a religious service in New York City.
April 6 – Georges Pompidou begins to form the next French government.
April 7 – Six-Day War (approach): Israeli fighters shoot down 7 Syrian MIG-21s.
April 8 – Puppet On A String by Sandie Shaw (music and text by Bill Martin and Phil Coulter) wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1967 for United Kingdom.
April 9 – The first Boeing 737 (a 100 series) takes its maiden flight.
April 10
The AFTRA strike is settled just in time for the 39th Academy Awards ceremony to be held, hosted by Bob Hope. Best Picture goes to A Man for All Seasons.
Oral arguments begin in the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967), challenging the State of Virginia's statutory scheme to prevent marriages between persons solely on the basis of racial classifications.
April 12 – The Ahmanson Theatre opens in Los Angeles.
April 13 – Conservatives win the Greater London Council elections.
April 14 – In San Francisco, 10,000 march against the Vietnam War.
April 15 – Large demonstrations are held against the Vietnam War in New York City and San Francisco.
April 20
Surveyor 3 probe lands on the Moon.
A Globe Air Bristol Britannia turboprop crashes at Nicosia, Cyprus, killing 126 people.[2][3]
April 21
Greece is taken over by a military dictatorship led by George Papadopoulos; future-Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou political prisoner to December 25.
An outbreak of tornadoes strikes the upper Midwest section of the United States (in particular the Chicago area, including the suburbs of Belvidere and Oak Lawn, Illinois, where 33 people are killed and 500 injured).
April 23 – A group of young radicals are expelled from the Nicaraguan Socialist Party (PSN). This group goes on to found the Socialist Workers Party (POS).
April 24 – Soyuz 1: Vladimir Komarov becomes the first Soviet cosmonaut to die, when the parachute of his space capsule fails during re-entry.
April 27 – Montreal, Quebec, Expo 67, a World's Fair to coincide with the Canadian Confederation centennial, officially opens with Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson igniting the Expo Flame in the Place des Nations.
April 28
In Houston, Texas, boxer Muhammad Ali refuses military service.
Expo 67 opens to the public, with over 310,000 people attending. Al Carter from Chicago is the first visitor as noted by Expo officials.
The U.S. aerospace manufacturer McDonnell Douglas is formed through a merger of McDonnell Aircraft and Douglas Aircraft. (becomes part of The Boeing Company three decades later)
April 29 – Fidel Castro announces that all intellectual property belongs to the people and that Cuba intends to translate and publish technical literature without compensation.
April 30 – Moscow's 537m-tall TV tower is finished.
May
May 1
Elvis Presley and Priscilla Beaulieu are married in Las Vegas.
GO Transit, Canada's first interregional public transit system, is established.
May 2
The Toronto Maple Leafs win the Stanley Cup. It was their last Stanley Cup and last finals appearance to date. It would turn out to be the last game in the original six era. Six more teams would be added in the fall.
Harold Wilson announces that the United Kingdom has decided to apply for EEC membership.
May 4 – Lunar Orbiter 4 is launched by the United States.
May 6
Dr. Zakir Hussain is the first Muslim to become president of India.
Four hundred students seize the administration building at Cheyney State College, now Cheyney University of Pennsylvania, the oldest institute for higher education for African Americans.
Hong Kong 1967 riots: Clashes between striking workers and police kill 51 and injure 800.
May 8 – The Philippine province of Davao is split into three: Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, and Davao Oriental.
May 10 – The Greek military government accuses Andreas Papandreou of treason.
May 11 – The United Kingdom and Ireland apply officially for European Economic Community membership.
May 17
Syria mobilizes against Israel.
President Gamal Abdal Nasser of Egypt demands withdrawal of the peacekeeping UN Emergency Force in the Sinai. U.N. Secretary-General U Thant complies (May 18).
May 18
Tennessee Governor Ellington repeals the "Monkey Law" (officially the Butler Act; see the Scopes Trial).
In Mexico, schoolteacher Lucio Cabañas begins guerrilla warfare in Atoyac de Alvarez, west of Acapulco, in the state of Guerrero.
NASA announces the crew for the Apollo 7 space mission (first manned Apollo flight): Walter M. Schirra, Jr., Donn F. Eisele, and R. Walter Cunningham.
May 19
The Soviet Union ratifies a treaty with the United States and the United Kingdom, banning nuclear weapons from outer space.
Yuri Andropov becomes KGB chief.
May 22 – The Innovation department store in the centre of Brussels, Belgium burns down. It is the most devastating fire in Belgian history, resulting in 323 dead and missing and 150 injured.
May 23 – Egypt closes the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping, blockading Israel's southern port of Eilat, and Israel's entire Red Sea coastline.
May 25 - Celtic Football Club become the first non-Latin football club to win the European Cup / Champions League.
May 25 - The 25th Amendment is added to the Constitution of the United States.
May 27
Naxalite Guerrilla War: Beginning with a peasant uprising in the town of Naxalbari, this Marxist/Maoist rebellion sputters on in the Indian countryside. The guerrillas operate among the impoverished peasants, fighting both the government security forces and private paramilitary groups funded by wealthy landowners. Most fighting takes place in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh.
The Australian referendum, 1967 passes with an overwhelming 90% support, removing, from the Australian Constitution, 2 discriminatory sentences referring to Indigenous Australians. It signifies Australia's first step in recognising Indigenous rights.
The Folk-Rock band Fairport Convention plays their first gig in Golders Green, north London.
May 30 – Biafra, in eastern Nigeria, announces its independence.
June
June – Moshe Dayan becomes Israel's Minister of Defense.
June 1 – The Beatles legendary release of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, nicknamed "The Soundtrack of the Summer of Love"; it would be number one on the albums charts throughout the summer of 1967.
June 2
Protests in West Berlin against the arrival of the Shah of Iran turn into fights, during which 27-year-old Benno Ohnesorg is killed by a police officer. His death results in the founding of the terrorist group Movement 2 June.
Luis Monge is executed in Colorado's gas chamber, in the last pre-Furman execution in the United States.
June 4 – Stockport Air Disaster: British Midland flight G-ALHG crashes in Hopes Carr, Stockport, killing 72 passengers and crew.
June 5
Murderer Richard Speck is sentenced to death in the electric chair for killing eight student nurses in Chicago.
Six-Day War: Israel occupies the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Sinai peninsula and Golan Heights after defeating its Arab neighbours.
June 7 – Two Moby Grape members are arrested for contributing to the delinquency of minors.
June 8 – Six-Day War – USS Liberty incident: Israeli fighter jets and Israeli warships fire at the USS Liberty off Gaza, killing 34 and wounding 171.
June 10
Israel and Syria agree to a United Nations-mediated cease-fire.
The Soviet Union severs diplomatic relations with Israel.
Margrethe, heir apparent to the throne of Denmark, marries French count Henri de Laborde de Monpezat.
June 11 – A race riot occurs in Tampa, Florida after the shooting death of Martin Chambers by police while allegedly robbing a camera store. The unrest lasts several days.
June 12
Loving v. Virginia: The United States Supreme Court declares all U.S. state laws prohibiting interracial marriage to be unconstitutional.[4]
Venera program: Venera 4 is launched by the Soviet Union (the first space probe to enter another planet's atmosphere and successfully return data).
June 13 – Solicitor General Thurgood Marshall is nominated as the first African American justice of the United States Supreme Court.[5]
June 14
Mariner program: Mariner 5 is launched toward Venus.
The People's Republic of China tests its first hydrogen bomb.[6]
June 14–June 15 – Glenn Gould records Prokofiev's Seventh Piano Sonata, Op. 83, in New York City (his only recording of a Prokofiev composition).
June 16 – The Monterey Pop Festival begins and is held for 3 days.
June 17 – The People's Republic of China announces a successful hydrogen bomb test.
June 18 - Eighteen British officers killed in Aden police mutiny. [7]
June 23 – Cold War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson meets with Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin in Glassboro, New Jersey, for the 3-day Glassboro Summit Conference. Johnson travels to Los Angeles for a dinner at the Century Plaza Hotel where earlier in the day thousands of war protesters clashed with L.A. police.[8]
June 25 – 400 million viewers watch Our World, the first live, international, satellite television production. It features the live debut of The Beatles' song "All You Need is Love".
June 26
Pope Paul VI ordains 276 new cardinals (one of whom is the future Pope John Paul II).
The Buffalo Race Riot begins, lasting until July 1; leads to 200 arrests.
Plaque commemorating installation of world's first bank cash machine
June 27 – The first automatic cash machine (voucher-based) is installed, in the office of the Barclays Bank in Enfield, England.
June 28 – Israel declares the annexation of East Jerusalem.
June 30 – Moise Tshombe, former President of Katanga and former prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is kidnapped to Algeria.
July
July 1
Canada celebrates its first one hundred years of Confederation.
EEC joined with European Coal and Steel Community and European Atomic Community to form the European Communities (from the 1980s usually known as European Community [EC]).
The first UK colour television broadcasts begin on BBC2. The first one is from the tennis championship at Wimbledon. A full colour service begins on BBC2 on December 2.
American Samoa's first constitution becomes effective.
July 3 – A military rebellion led by Belgian mercenary Jean Schramme begins in Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
July 4 – The British Parliament decriminalizes homosexuality.
July 5 – Troops of Belgian mercenary commander Jean Schramme revolt against Mobutu Sese Seko, and try to take control of Stanleyville, Congo.
July 6
Biafran War: Nigerian forces invade Biafra, following the latter's secession May 30.
A level crossing collision between a train loaded with children and a tanker-truck near Magdeburg, East Germany kills 94 people, mostly children.
July 10
Heavy massive rains and a landslide at Kobe and Kure, Hiroshima, Japan, kill at least 371.
New Zealand decimalise its currency from pound to dollar at £1 to $2 ($1 = 10/-).
July 12
The Greek military regime strips 480 Greeks of their citizenship.
1967 Newark riots: After the arrest of an African-American cab driver for allegedly illegally driving around a police car and gunning it down the road, race riots break out in Newark, New Jersey, lasting six days and leaving 26 dead.
July 14 – Near Newark, New Jersey, the Plainfield, NJ, riots also occur.
July 16 – A prison riot in Jay, Florida leaves 37 dead.
July 18 – The United Kingdom announces the closing of its military bases in Malaysia and Singapore. Australia and the U.S. disapprove.
July 19 – A race riot breaks out in the North Side of Minneapolis on Plymouth Street during the Minneapolis Aquatennial Parade and business are vandalized and fires break out in the area, although the disturbance is quelled within hours. However, the next day a shooting sets off another incident in the same area that leads to 18 fires, 36 arrests, 3 shootings, 2 dozen people injured, and damages totaling 4.2 million. There will be two more such incidents in the following two weeks.
July 20 – Chilean poet Pablo Neruda receives the first Viareggio-Versile prize.
July 21 – The town of Winneconne, Wisconsin, announces secession from the United States because it is not included in the official maps and declares war. Secession is repealed the next day.
July 23 – 12th Street Riot/Detroit Race Riots: In Detroit, Michigan, one of the worst riots in United States history begins on 12th Street in the predominantly African American inner city: 43 are killed, 342 injured and 1,400 buildings burned.
July 24 – During an official state visit to Canada, French President Charles de Gaulle declares to a crowd of over 100,000 in Montreal: Vive le Québec libre! (Long live free Quebec!). The statement, interpreted as support for Quebec independence, delights many Quebecers but angers the Canadian government and many English Canadians.
July 29
An explosion and fire aboard the U.S. Navy aircraft carrier USS Forrestal in the Gulf of Tonkin leaves 134 dead.
Georges Bidault moves to Belgium where he receives political asylum.
An earthquake in Caracas, Venezuela leaves 240 dead.
July 30 – The 1967 Milwaukee race riots begin, lasting through August 2 and leading to a ten-day shutdown of the city from August 1.
August
August 1 - Race riots in the United States spread to Washington, D.C..
August 2 – The Turkish football club Trabzonspor is established in Trabzon.
August 5 – Pink Floyd releases their debut album The Piper at the Gates of Dawn in the United Kingdom.
August 6 – A pulsar is noted by Jocelyn Bell and Antony Hewish. The discovery is first recorded in print in 1968: "An entirely novel kind of star came to light on Aug. 6 last year [...]". The date of the discovery is not recorded.
August 7
Vietnam War: The People's Republic of China agrees to give North Vietnam an undisclosed amount of aid in the form of a grant.
A general strike in the old quarter of Jerusalem protests Israel's unification of the city.
August 8 – The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is founded in Bangkok, Thailand.
August 9 – Vietnam War – Operation Cochise: United States Marines begin a new operation in the Que Son Valley.
August 10 – Belgian mercenary Jean Schramme's troops take the Congolese border town of Bukavu.
August 13 – Night of the Grizzlies sparks national concern over bear drama, from PBS in Montana's Glacier National Park.
August 14 – Wonderful Radio London shuts down at 3:00 PM in anticipation of the Marine Broadcasting Offences Act. Many fans greet the staff upon their return to London that evening with placards reading "Freedom died with Radio London."
August 15 – The United Kingdom Marine Broadcasting Offences Act declares participation in offshore pirate radio illegal. Radio Caroline defies the Act and continues broadcasting.
August 18 – The State of Tamil Nadu, India is established.
August 19 – West Germany receives 36 East German prisoners it has "purchased" through the border posts of Herleshausen and Wartha.
August 21
A truce is declared in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The People's Republic of China announces that it has shot down United States planes violating its airspace.
August 25 – American Nazi Party leader George Lincoln Rockwell is assassinated in Arlington, Virginia.
August 27 – East Coast Wrestling Association is established.
August 30 – Thurgood Marshall is confirmed as the first African American Justice of the United States Supreme Court.
September
September 1
The Khmer–Chinese Friendship Association is banned in Cambodia
Ilse Koch, also known as the "Witch of Buchenwald", commits suicide in the Bavarian prison of Aichach.
September 3
Nguyen Van Thieu is elected President of South Vietnam.
H-Day in Sweden: At 5:00 a.m. local time, all traffic in the country switches from left-hand traffic pattern to right-hand traffic.
September 4 – Vietnam War – Operation Swift: The United States Marines launch a search and destroy mission in Quang Nam and Quang Tin Provinces. The ensuing 4-day battle in Que Son Valley kills 114 Americans and 376 North Vietnamese.
September 9 – Fashion Island, one of California's first outdoor shopping malls, opens in Newport Beach.
September 10 – In Gibraltar, only 44 out of 12,182 voters support union with Spain.
September 17
A riot during a football match in Kayseri, Turkey leaves 44 dead, about 600 injured.
Jim Morrison and The Doors defy CBS censors on The Ed Sullivan Show, when Morrison sings the word "higher" from their #1 hit Light My Fire, despite having been asked not to.
September 18 – Love Is a Many Splendored Thing debuts on U.S. daytime television and is the first soap opera to deal with an interracial relationship. CBS censors find it too controversial and ask for it to be stopped, causing show creator Irna Phillips to quit.
September 27 – The RMS Queen Mary arrives in Southampton, at the end of her last transatlantic voyage.
September 30 – BBC Radio 1, BBC Radio 2, BBC Radio 3 and BBC Radio 4 are all launched.
October
October 3 – An X-15 research aircraft with test pilot William J. Knight establishes an unofficial world fixed-wing speed record of Mach 6.7.
October 4 – Omar Ali Saifuddin III of Brunei abdicates in favour of his son, His Majesty Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah.
October 6 – Southern California's Pacific Ocean Park closes down, known as the Disneyland by the sea.
October 8 – Guerrilla leader Che Guevara and his men are captured in Bolivia.
October 12
Vietnam War: U.S. Secretary of State Dean Rusk states during a news conference that proposals by the U.S. Congress for peace initiatives are futile, because of North Vietnam's opposition.
Desmond Morris publishes The Naked Ape.[9]
October 14 – Quebec Nationalism: René Lévesque leaves the Liberal Party.
October 16 – Thirty-nine people, including singer-activist Joan Baez, are arrested in Oakland, California, for blocking the entrance of that city's military induction center.
October 17
The musical Hair opens off-Broadway. It moves to Broadway the following April.
Vietnam War: Battle of Ong Thanh
October 18
Vietnam War: Students at the University of Wisconsin-Madison protest over recruitment by Dow Chemical on the University campus. 76 are injured in the resulting riot.
Walt Disney's 19th full-length animated feature The Jungle Book, the last animated film personally supervised by Disney, is released and becomes an enormous box-office and critical success. On a double bill with the film is the (now) much less well-known true-life adventure, Charlie the Lonesome Cougar.
October 19 – The Mariner 5 probe flies by Venus.
October 20 - Patterson-Gimlin film, Roger Patterson and Robert Gimlin's famous film of an unidentified animate cryptid, thought to be Bigfoot or Sasquatch, is recorded at Bluff Creek, California.
October 21
Tens of thousands of Vietnam War protesters march in Washington, D.C.. Allen Ginsberg symbolically chants to 'levitate' The Pentagon.
An Egyptian surface-to-surface missile sinks the Israeli destroyer Eilat, killing 47 Israeli sailors. Israel retaliates by shelling Egyptian refineries along the Suez Canal.
October 25 – An abortion bill passes in the British Parliament.
October 26
Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran is officially crowned.
U.S. Navy pilot John McCain is shot down over North Vietnam and made a POW. His capture will be announced in the NY Times and Washington Post two days later.
October 27
Charles De Gaulle vetoes British entry into the European Economic Community again.
London criminal Jack McVitie is murdered by the Kray twins, leading to their eventual imprisonment and downfall.
October 29
Mobutu's troops launch an offensive against mercenaries in Bukavu, Congo.
The Montreal, Quebec Expo 67 closes, having received over 50 million attendees.
October 30 – Hong Kong 1967 riots: British troops and Chinese demonstrators clash on the border of China and Hong Kong.
November
November 2 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson holds a secret meeting with a group of the nation's most prestigious leaders ("the Wise Men") and asks them to suggest ways to unite the American people behind the war effort. They conclude that the American people should be given more optimistic reports on the progress of the war.
November 3 – Vietnam War – Battle of Dak To: Around Dak To (located about 280 miles north of Saigon near the Cambodian border), heavy casualties are suffered on both sides (the Americans narrowly win the battle on November 22).
November 4–November 5 – Mercenaries of Jean Schramme and Jerry Puren withdraw from Bukavu, over the Shangugu Bridge, to Rwanda.
November 6 – The Rhodesian parliament passes pro-Apartheid laws.
November 7
U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, establishing the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
Carl B. Stokes is elected mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, becoming the first African American mayor of a major United States city.
The 50th Anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution is celebrated in the Soviet Union.
November 8 – The BBC's first local radio station (BBC Radio Leicester) is launched.
November 9 – Apollo program: NASA launches the first Saturn V rocket, successfully carrying the unmanned Apollo 4 test spacecraft from Cape Kennedy into Earth orbit.
November 11 – Vietnam War: In a propaganda ceremony in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 3 United States prisoners of war are released by the Viet Cong and turned over to "New Left" antiwar activist Tom Hayden.
November 14 – The Congress of Colombia in commemoration of the 150-year anniversary of the death of Policarpa Salavarrieta, declares this day as the "Day of the Colombian Woman".
November 15
General Grivas and his 10,000 strong Greek Army division are forced to leave Cyprus, after 24 Turkish Cypriot civilians are killed by the Greek Cypriot National Guard in the villages of Kophinou and Ayios Theodhoros; relations sour between Nicosia and Athens. Turkey flies sorties into Greek territory, and masses troops in Thrace on her border with Greece.
Test pilot Michael Adams is killed when his X-15 rocket plane tumbles out of control during atmospheric re-entry and disintegrates.
November 17
Vietnam War: Acting on optimistic reports he was given on November 13, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson tells his nation that, while much remained to be done, "We are inflicting greater losses than we're taking...We are making progress." (2 months later the Tet Offensive by the Viet Cong makes it appear, to those watching news reports, that progress is not being made.)
French author Régis Debray is sentenced to 30 years imprisonment in Bolivia.
November 18 – The UK pound is devalued from 1 GBP = 2.80 USD to 1 GBP = 2.40 USD.
November 21 – Vietnam War: United States General William Westmoreland tells news reporters: "I am absolutely certain that whereas in 1965 the enemy was winning, today he is certainly losing."
November 22 – UN Security Council Resolution 242 is adopted by the UN Security Council, establishing a set of principles aimed at guiding negotiations for an Arab–Israeli peace settlement.
November 26 – Major floods hit Lisbon, Portugal, killing 462.
November 27 – The Beatles release Magical Mystery Tour in the US as a full album. The songs added to the original six songs on the double EP include All You Need Is Love, Penny Lane, Strawberry Fields Forever, Baby, You're a Rich Man and Hello, Goodbye. Release as a double EP will not take place in the UK until December.
November 29 – Vietnam War: U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara announces his resignation to become president of the World Bank. This action is due to U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson's outright rejection of McNamara's early November recommendations to freeze troop levels, stop bombing North Vietnam and hand over ground fighting to South Vietnam.
November 30
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto founds the Pakistan People's Party and becomes its first chairman. Today it is one of the major political parties in Pakistan (alongside the Pakistan Muslim League) that is broken into many factions, bearing the same name under different leaders, such as the Pakistan's Peoples Party Parliamentarians (PPPP).
The People's Republic of South Yemen becomes independent of the United Kingdom.
U.S. Senator Eugene McCarthy announces his candidacy for the Democratic Party presidential nomination, challenging incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson over the Vietnam War.
December
December 1 – The RMS Queen Mary is retired. Her place is taken by the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2.
December 3 – Christiaan Barnard carries out the world's first heart transplant at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town.
December 4
At 6:50 PM, a volcano erupts on Deception Island in Antarctica.
Vietnam War: U.S. and South Vietnamese forces engage Viet Cong troops in the Mekong Delta (235 of the 300-strong Viet Cong battalion are killed).
December 5 – In New York City, Benjamin Spock and Allen Ginsberg are arrested for protesting against the Vietnam War.
December 8 – Magical Mystery Tour is released by The Beatles as a double EP in the U.K. and also the only psychedelic rock album of The Rolling Stones, Their Satanic Majesties Request in the U.K and in the U.S.A.
December 9 – Nicolae Ceauşescu becomes the Chairman of the Romanian State Council, making him the de facto leader of Romania.
December 11 – Supersonic airliner Concorde is unveiled in Toulouse, France.
December 13 – King Constantine II of Greece flees the country when his coup attempt fails.
December 15 – The Silver Bridge over the Ohio River in Point Pleasant, West Virginia, collapses, killing 46 people. It has been linked to the so-called Mothman mystery.
December 17 – Harold Holt, Australian prime minister, disappears when swimming at a beach 60 km from Melbourne.
December 19 – Professor John Archibald Wheeler uses the term Black Hole for the first time.
December 26 – The Beatles film Magical Mystery Tour (film) receives its world premier on BBC Television in the UK
December 31
The Green Bay Packers become the first team in the modern era to win their third consecutive NFL Championship, 21-17 over the Dallas Cowboys in what became known as "The Ice Bowl".
Motorcycle daredevil Evel Knievel attempted to jump 141 feet over the Caesars Palace Fountains on the Las Vegas Strip. Knievel crashed on landing and the accident was caught on film.
Date unknown
St Christopher's Hospice, the world's first purpose-built secular hospice specialising in palliative care of the terminally ill, is established in South London by Cicely Saunders.[10]
Warner Bros. Pictures becomes a wholly owned subsidiary of Seven Arts Productions, thus becoming Warner Bros.-Seven Arts.
The Jari project begins in the Amazon.
Albania is officially declared an atheist state by its leader, Enver Hoxha.
The University of Winnipeg is founded in Canada.
Lonsdaleite (the rarest allotrope of carbon) is first discovered in the Barringer Crater, Arizona.
A lost city is discovered on the island of Thera, buried under volcanic debris. It has been suggested that Plato may have heard legends about this, and used them as the germ of his story of Atlantis.
PAL is first introduced in Germany.
The Summer of Love is held in San Francisco.
Lech Wałęsa goes to work in Gdańsk shipyards.
Benjamin Netanyahu joins the Israeli Army.
The Greek military junta exiles Melina Mercouri.
Parker Morris Standards become mandatory for all housing built in New Towns in the UK.
Gabriel García Márquez's influential novel One Hundred Years of Solitude is published (in Spanish).
The first edition of the book, A Short History of Pakistan, is published by Karachi University, Pakistan.
Fernand Braudel begins publication of Civilisation matérielle, économie et capitalisme, XVe-XVIIIe siècle.
Births
January
January 1 – Sunny Chan, Hong Kong TVB actor
January 2 – Tia Carrere, American actress
January 4 – Marina Orsini, Canadian actress
January 5 – Joe Flanigan, American actor
January 7 – Mark Lamarr, British comedian/TV and radio presenter
January 8 – R. Kelly, American R&B singer/songwriter/producer
January 9
Dave Matthews, South African–born musician
Dale Gordon, English footballer
January 12 – Vendela Kirsebom, Swedish supermodel
January 14
Sharon Beshenivsky, West Yorkshire police constable (d. 2005)
Leonardo "Leo" Ortolani, Italian comic book author
January 15 – Lisa Lisa, American singer
January 17 – Song Kang-ho, Korean actor
January 18 – Iván Zamorano, Chilean footballer
January 21 – Artashes Minasian, Armenian chess grand master
January 22 – Eleanor McEvoy, Irish singer-songwriter
January 23 – Naim Süleymanoğlu, Turkish weightlifter
January 24 – John Myung, American musician
January 25
Voltaire, Cuban singer
Nozomu Sasaki, Japanese voice actor
January 26 – Toshiyuki Morikawa, Japanese voice actor
January 28 – Jan Lamb, Hong Kong singer and actor
January 29 – Khalid Skah, Moroccan long-distance runner
January 31 – Joey Wong, Taiwanese actress
February
February 1 – Meg Cabot, American teen author
February 2
Chris Parnell, American actor and comedian (Saturday Night Live)
Frederick Pitcher, Nauruan politician
February 6 – Izumi Sakai, Japanese singer (Zard) (d. 2007)
February 7 – Cheung Man, Hong Kong actress
February 9
Todd Pratt, American baseball player
Dan Shulman, Canadian sports announcer
February 10
Laura Dern, American actress
Armand Serrano, Filipino animator
Vince Gilligan, American writer, director and producer (creator of Breaking Bad)
February 11 – Hank Gathers, American college basketball player
February 12 – Chitravina N. Ravikiran, Indian composer and musician
February 14 – Mark Rutte, Dutch politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands since 2010.
February 15 – Trond Egil Soltvedt, Norwegian footballer
February 18
Marco Aurélio, Brazilian footballer
Roberto Baggio, Italian football player
John Valentin, American baseball player
Benicio del Toro, Puerto Rican actor
February 19 – Sven Erik Kristiansen Norwegian Black metal and hardcore punk singer (Maniac)
February 20
Kurt Cobain, American musician (Nirvana) (d. 1994)
Andrew Shue, American actor
February 23 – Tamsin Greig, English actress
February 26 – Kazuyoshi Miura, Japanese footballer
March
March 1 – George Eads, American actor
March 3 - Hans Teeuwen, Dutch comedian
March 4 – Daryll Cullinan, South African cricketer
March 10- Omer Tarin, Pakistani/South Asian poet, writer and scholar
March 11
John Barrowman, Scottish-born actor
George Gray, American comedian and game show announcer
March 12 – Massimiliano Frezzato, Italian comic writer
March 13 – Andres Escobar, Colombian football player (d. 1994)
March 15 - Naoko Takeuchi, Japanese artist
March 16 – Lauren Graham, American actress
March 17 – Billy Corgan, American musician and songwriter
March 18 – Andre Rison, American pro football player
March 19 – Mary Scheer, American actress
March 21
Jonas "Joker" Berggren, Swedish rock musician (Ace of Base)
Adrian Chiles, British television and radio presenter
March 22 – Mario Cipollini, Italian cyclist
March 25 – Debi Thomas, American figure skater
March 26 – Mark Carroll, Australian rugby league footballer
March 27
Talisa Soto, American actress
Kenta Kobashi, Japanese professional wrestler
March 29 – Brian Jordan, American baseball player
March 30 – Christopher Bowman, American figure skater (d. 2008)
April
April 5 – Anu Garg, Indian-American writer and speaker
April 6 – Mika Koivuniemi, Finnish ten-pin bowler
April 9 – Alex Kahn, American artist
April 14 – Jeff Jarrett, American professional wrestler
April 15 - Dara Torres, American swimmer
April 17
Marquis Grissom, American baseball player
Kimberly Elise, American actress
Liz Phair, American musician
April 18 – Maria Bello, American actress
April 20
Mike Portnoy, American musician
Raymond van Barneveld, Dutch darts player
April 22
Sheryl Lee, American actress
Sherri Shepherd, American comedian and TV show host
April 23 – Melina Kanakaredes, American actress
April 26
Glenn Jacobs (Kane), American professional wrestler
Marianne Jean-Baptiste, American actress
April 27 – Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange, Dutch heir apparent
April 29
Curtis Joseph, Canadian hockey player
Rachel Williams, American model, actress, and TV presenter
May
May 1 – Kenny Hotz, Canadian entertainer
May 4 – Akiko Yajima, Japanese voice actress
May 5 – Takehito Koyasu, Japanese voice actor
May 10 – Nobuhiro Takeda, Japanese footballer and sportscaster
May 14 – Tony Siragusa, American football player
May 15 – John Smoltz, American baseball player
May 19
Geraldine Somerville, Irish actress
Massimo Taccon, Italian painter, sculptor and writer
May 20 - Ramzi Yousef, Islamic terrorist; one of the main perpetrators of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing
May 21 – Chris Benoit, Canadian professional wrestler (d. 2007)
May 22 - Brooke Smith, American actress
May 24
Andrey Borodin, Russian banker
Bruno Putzulu, French actor
Heavy D, Jamaican-born American actor, rapper (d. 2011)
May 25 – Poppy Z. Brite, American author
May 27 – Paul Gascoigne, English footballer (Newcastle United, England & Middlesbrough)
May 28 - Glen Rice, American basketball player
May 29 – Noel Gallagher, British musician (Oasis)
May 31
Phil Keoghan, New Zealand-born television host
Kenny Lofton, American baseball player
June
June 3
Anderson Cooper, American television journalist
Tamás Darnyi, Hungarian swimmer
June 5
Joe DeLoach, American athlete
Ron Livingston, American actor
June 6 – Paul Giamatti, American actor
June 8
Efan Ekoku, Nigerian footballer
Jasmin Tabatabai, German/Iranian actress and musician
June 9 – Rubén Maza, Venezuelan long-distance runner
June 10 – Darren "Buffy, the Human Beatbox" Robinson, American rapper (The Fat Boys) (d. 1995)
June 15 – Yūji Ueda, Japanese voice actor
June 16 - Jürgen Klopp, German footballer
June 19
Bjørn Dæhlie, Norwegian skier
Mia Sara, American actress
June 20 – Nicole Kidman, American-born Australian actress
June 21 – Jim Breuer, former Saturday Night Live cast member and stand up comedian
June 23 – Yoko Minamino, Japanese Idol star and actress
June 24
Bill Huard, Canadian ice hockey player
Richard Z. Kruspe, German rock musician (Rammstein)
Janez Lapajne, Slovenian film director
June 26 – Kaori Asoh, Japanese voice actress and singer
July
July 1 – Pamela Anderson, Canadian actress and model
July 4
Vinny Castilla, Mexican Major League Baseball player
Andy Walker, Canadian television personality
July 5 – Silvia Ziche, Italian comics artist
July 8 – Jordan Chan, Hong Kong singer and actor
July 9
Gunnar Axén, Swedish politician
Mark Stoops, American football coach
July 11 – John Henson, American TV show host
July 12
John Petrucci, American musician
Count Jefferson von Pfeil und Klein-Ellguth
July 13 – Akira Hokuto, Japanese women's professional wrestler
July 14 – Robin Ventura, American baseball player
July 15
Michael Tse, Hong Kong actor
Adam Savage, American TV show host
July 16 – Will Ferrell, American comedian and actor
July 18 – Vin Diesel, American actor
July 19 – Rageh Omaar, broadcaster
July 23 – Philip Seymour Hoffman, American actor
July 25 – Matt LeBlanc, American actor
July 28 – Taka Hirose, Japanese musician (Feeder)
July 30 – A. W. Yrjänä, Finnish rock musician and poet
July 31
Minako Honda, Japanese singer and musical actress (d. 2005)
Elizabeth Wurtzel, author and feminist
August
August 3 – Mathieu Kassovitz, French movie director and actor
August 4 – Michael Marsh, American athlete
August 5 – Thomas Lang, Austrian drummer
August 7 – Charlotte Lewis, English actress
August 8
Rena Mero, American wrestler, model and actress
Yuki Amami, Japanese actress
August 9 – Deion Sanders, American pro football and baseball player
August 10 – Riddick Bowe, American boxer
August 11
Collin Chou, Taiwanese martial arts actor
Enrique Bunbury, Spanish singer and songwriter
Joe Rogan, American comedian and television host
August 12
Regilio Tuur, Dutch boxer
Andy Hui, Hong Kong singer and actor
Emil Kostadinov, Bulgarian football player
August 13 – Amélie Nothomb, Belgian writer
August 15 – Brahim Boutayeb, Moroccan long-distance runner
August 16
Pamela Smart, American murderer
Ulrika Jonsson, Swedish-born television personality
August 21
Carrie-Anne Moss, Canadian actress
Serj Tankian, Lebanese-born singer (System of a Down)
August 22
Layne Staley, American rock musician (Alice in Chains) (d. 2002)
Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, Nigerian-British actor and model
Yukiko Okada, Japanese idol singer (d. 1986)
Ty Burrell, American actor
August 29 – Jiří Růžek, Czech photographer
August 30 – Frederique van der Wal, Dutch supermodel
September
September 3 – Luis Gonzalez, American baseball player
September 5
Jane Sixsmith, English field hockey player
Arnel Pineda, Filipino singer-songwriter
Koichi Morishita, Japanese long-distance runner
September 6 – Macy Gray, American R&B singer
September 9 – Akshay Kumar,Bollywood Actor
September 11 – Harry Connick, Jr., American singer and actor
September 12 – Jason Statham, English actor
September 13 – Michael Johnson, American athlete
September 18 – Tara FitzGerald, British actress
September 19 – Alexander Karelin, Russian Greco-Roman wrestler
September 20 – Kristen Johnston, American actress
September 21
Susie Dent, British lexicographer
Faith Hill, American country singer
September 22 – Félix Savón, Cuban boxer
September 23
Masashi Nakayama, Japanese footballer
Jenna Stern, American actress
September 25 – Kim Issel, Canadian ice hockey player
September 28
Mira Sorvino, American actress
Moon Unit Zappa, American actress, musician and author
September 30 – Andrea Roth, Canadian actress
October
October 2 – Frankie Fredericks, Namibian athlete
October 4 – Liev Schreiber, American actor
October 5 – Guy Pearce, English-born actor
October 7 – Toni Braxton, American R&B singer
October 9 – Eddie Guerrero, American professional wrestler (d. 2005)
October 11
Tazz, American professional wrestler and commentator
Artie Lange, American actor, comedian and radio personality
David Starr, American racecar driver
October 13
Trevor Hoffman, American Major League Baseball player
Kate Walsh, American actress
Javier Sotomayor, Cuban high jumper
October 16 – Davina McCall, British TV presenter and UK Big Brother host
October 17
René Dif, Danish-Algerian singer (Aqua)
Venus Terzo, Canadian actress/voice actress
October 22
Carlos Mencia, Latino-American actor and standup comedian
Salvatore Di Vittorio, Italian composer & conductor
Ulrike Maier, Austrian alpine skier (d. 1994)
October 24 – Jacqueline McKenzie, Australian actress
October 26 – Keith Urban, New Zealand-born Australian country music singer
October 27 – Scott Weiland, American musician
October 28
Julia Roberts, American actress
Sophie, Hereditary Princess of Liechtenstein
October 29
Joely Fisher, American actress
Rufus Sewell, English actor
Péter Kun, Hungarian guitarist (d. 1993)
October 30
Brad Aitken, Canadian ice hockey player
Ty Detmer, American NFL quarterback and 1990 Heisman Trophy winner
November
November 1
Sophie B. Hawkins, American singer and songwriter
Tina Arena, Australian singer and songwriter
November 2 – Akira Ishida, Japanese voice actor
November 3 – Steven Wilson, British musician
November 5 – Judy Reyes, American actress
November 6 - Rebecca Schaeffer, American actrees (d. 1989)
November 7
Sharleen Spiteri, Scottish singer and songwriter
David Guetta, French DJ and songwriter
November 8 – Courtney Thorne-Smith, American actress
November 11 – Gil de Ferran, Brazilian race car driver
November 13
Jimmy Kimmel, American comedian and talk show host
Steve Zahn, American actor
November 14 – Letitia Dean, British actress
November 15 – François Ozon, French writer and director
November 16 – Lisa Bonet, American actress
November 20 – Teoman, Turkish rock singer and song-writer
November 22
Boris Becker, German tennis player
Mark Ruffalo, American actor
Bart Veldkamp, Dutch-born speed skater
November 23 – Salli Richardson, American actress
November 25 – Anthony Nesty, Surinamese swimmer
November 28 – Anna Nicole Smith, American model and actress (d. 2007)
November 29 – John "Bradshaw" Layfield, American professional wrestler
December
December 1 – Reggie Sanders, American Major League Baseball outfielder
December 6
Judd Apatow, American screenwriter and producer
Hacken Lee, Hong Kong singer and actor
December 8 – Kotono Mitsuishi, Japanese voice actress
December 9 – Joshua Bell, American violinist
December 11 – Mo'Nique, American actress and comedian
December 12 – John Randle, American football player
December 13
Jamie Foxx, American actor
Yuji Oda, Japanese singer and actor
December 14 – Ewa Białołęcka, Polish writer
December 16
Donovan Bailey, Canadian athlete
Miranda Otto, Australian actress
December 17 – Gigi D'Agostino, Italian musician and DJ
December 18 – Toine van Peperstraten, Dutch sports journalist
December 19 – Criss Angel, American musician, magician, illusionist, escapologist, and stunt performer
December 21 – Mikheil Saakashvili, President of Georgia
December 22 – Dan Petrescu, Romanian footballer
Date unknown
Joan Vizcarra, Spanish artist
András Rosztóczy, Hungarian gastroenterologist
Deaths
January
Jack Ruby
January 3
Mary Garden, Scottish opera singer (b. 1874)
Jack Ruby, American killer of Lee Harvey Oswald (b. 1911)
January 4
Donald Campbell, English water and land speed record seeker (b. 1921)
Mohammed Khider, Algerian politician (b. 1912)
Barney Ross
January 17
Evelyn Nesbit, American actress and model (b. 1884)
Barney Ross, American boxer (b. 1909)
January 18 - Harry Antrim, American actor (b. 1884)
January 19 – Kazimierz Funk, Polish biochemist (b. 1884)
January 21 – Ann Sheridan, American actress (b. 1915)
January 27
Crew of Apollo 1:
Edward White, American astroanut (b. 1930)
Gus Grissom, American astronaut (b. 1926)
Roger Chaffee, American astronaut (b. 1935)
Alphonse Juin, Marshal of France (b. 1888)
January 31 – Eddie Tolan, American athlete (b. 1908)
February
February 4 – Albert Orsborn, 6th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1886)
February 6
Martine Carol, French actress (b. 1920)
Henry Morgenthau, Jr., United States Secretary of the Treasury during World War II (b. 1891)
February 7 David Unaipon, Australian author and inventor (b. 1872)
February 8 – Victor Gollancz, British publisher (b. 1893)
February 14 – Sig Ruman, German actor (b. 1884)
February 15 – Antonio Moreno, Spanish actor (b. 1887)
February 16
Smiley Burnette, American actor (b. 1911)
Józef Hofmann, Polish pianist (b. 1876)
February 18 – J. Robert Oppenheimer, American physicist (b. 1904)
J. Robert Oppenheimer
February 21 – Charles Beaumont, American writer (b. 1929)
February 24
Franz Waxman, German-American composer (b. 1906)
Hilliard Almond Wilbanks, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1933)
February 28 – Henry Luce, American publisher (b. 1898)
March
March 2 – Gordon Harker, English actor (b. 1885)
March 4 – Dr. Mohammed Mossadegh, deposed prime minister of Iran (b. 1882)
March 5 – Mischa Auer, Russian-born actor (b. 1905)
March 6
John Haden Badley, English author (b. 1865)
Nelson Eddy, American singer and actor (b. 1901)
Kenneth Harlan, American actor (b. 1895)
Zoltán Kodály, Hungarian composer (b. 1882)
March 7 – Alice B. Toklas, American personality (b. 1877)
March 11
Geraldine Farrar, American soprano (b. 1882)
Hanns Lothar, German actor (b. 1929)
March 21 – Marcellus Boss, American politician, member of the Kansas Senate and the 5th Civilian Governor of Guam. (b. 1901)
March 27 – Jaroslav Heyrovský, Czech chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1890)
March 30 – Jean Toomer, American writer (b. 1894)
March 31 – Don Alvarado, American actor (b. 1904)
April
April 4 – Al Lewis, American songwriter (b. 1901)
April 5 – Hermann Joseph Muller, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1890)
April 17 – Red Allen, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1908)
April 19 – Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1876)
April 22 – Tom Conway, British actor (b. 1904)
April 24 – Vladimir Komarov, Soviet cosmonaut (parachute failure) (b. 1927)
April 25
Joseph Boxhall, British sailor, fourth officer of the RMS Titanic (b. 1884)
Benjamin Foulois, American Brigadier General(USAF), first rated US military pilot, trained by the Wright Brothers (b. 1879)
April 27 – William Douglas Cook, founder of Eastwoodhill Arboretum and Pukeiti, (New Zealand) (b. 1884)
April 29 – Anthony Mann, American actor and director (b. 1906)
May
May 6 – Zhou Zuoren, Chinese writer (b. 1885)
May 7 – Judith Evelyn, American actress (b. 1913)
May 8
Laverne Andrews, American singer (b. 1911)
Barbara Payton, American actress (b. 1927)
Elmer Rice, American playwright (b. 1892)
May 10 – Lorenzo Bandini, Italian Formula One driver (b. 1935)
May 12 – John Masefield, English poet and novelist (b. 1878)
May 15 – Edward Hopper, American painter (b. 1882)
May 18 – Andy Clyde, Scottish actor (b. 1892)
May 21
Géza Lakatos, Hungarian general and politician, former Prime Minister (b. 1890)
Rexhep Mitrovica, Albanian politician, former Prime Minister (b. 1888)
May 22 – Langston Hughes, American writer (b. 1902)
May 27 – Johannes Itten, Swiss painter (b. 1888)
May 29 – Georg Wilhelm Pabst, Austrian film director (b. 1885)
May 30 – Claude Rains, British actor (b. 1889)
May 31 – Billy Strayhorn, American composer and pianist (b. 1915)
June
June 3 – Arthur Tedder, British military, Marshal of the Royal Air Force (b. 1890)
June 5 – Arthur Biram, Israeli philosopher and educator, and Israel Prize recipient (b. 1878)
June 7 – Dorothy Parker, American writer (b. 1893)
June 10 – Spencer Tracy, American actor (b. 1900)
June 13
Gerald Patterson, Australian tennis champion (b. 1895)
Edward Leonard Ellington, British military, Marshal of the Royal Air Force (b. 1877)
June 14 – Eddie Eagan, American sportsman (b. 1897)
June 16 – Reginald Denny, English actor (b. 1891)
June 17 – Vernon Huber, American admiral and 36th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1899)
June 26 – Françoise Dorléac, French actress (b.1942)
June 29
Primo Carnera, Italian boxer (b. 1906)
Jayne Mansfield, American actress (b. 1933) (car accident)
July
July 1 – Gerhard Ritter, German historian (b. 1888)
July 8
Fatima Jinnah, Pakistani 'Mother of the Nation' (b. 1893)
Vivien Leigh, English actress (b. 1913)
July 9 – Douglas MacLean, American actor (b. 1890)
July 14 – Tudor Arghezi, Romanian writer (b. 1880)
July 17
John Coltrane, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1926)
Cyril Ring, American film actor (b. 1892)
July 18 – Humberto de Alencar Castello Branco, ex-president of Brazil (b. 1897) (plane crash)
July 21
Jimmie Foxx, American baseball player (b. 1907)
Albert Lutuli, South African politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
Basil Rathbone, British actor (b. 1892)
July 22 – Carl Sandburg, American poet (b. 1878)
July 31 – Margaret Kennedy, English writer (b. 1896)
August
August 1 – Richard Kuhn, Austrian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1900)
August 2 – Walter Terence Stace, British philosopher (b. 1886)
August 9
Joe Orton, English playwright (b. 1933) (murdered)
Anton Walbrook, Austrian actor (b. 1896)
August 13 – Jane Darwell, American actress (b. 1879)
August 15
René Magritte, Belgian painter (b. 1898)
Manuel Prado y Ugarteche, former President of Peru (b. 1889)
August 19
Hugo Gernsback, Luxembourg-born editor and publisher (b. 1884)
Isaac Deutscher, British Marxist historian (b. 1907)
August 24
Henry J. Kaiser, American industrialist (b. 1882)
Lam Bun, Hong Kong radio commentator (b. 1930)
August 25
Stanley Bruce, 8th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1883)
Paul Muni, Polish actor (b. 1895)
George Lincoln Rockwell, American Nazi Party leader (b. 1918)
August 27 – Brian Epstein, English band manager (The Beatles) (b. 1934)
August 31 – Ilya Ehrenburg, Russian writer (b. 1891)
September
September 1
Ilse Koch, Nazi German war criminal (b. 1906)
Siegfried Sassoon, British poet (b. 1886)
September 3
James Dunn, American actor (b. 1901)
Francis Ouimet, American professional golfer (b.1893)
September 11 – Tadeusz Żyliński, Polish technician and textilist (b. 1904)
September 13 – Varian Fry, American journalist (b. 1907)
September 16 – Ethel May Halls, American theatrical and film actress (b. 1882)
September 18 – John Cockcroft, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
September 23 - Stanislaus Zbyszko, professional wrestler (b. 1879)
September 27 – Prince Felix Yussupov, Russian assassin of Rasputin (b. 1887)
September 29
Ludwig Donath, Austrian actor (b. 1900)
Carson McCullers, American writer (b. 1917) (brain hemorrhage)
October
October 3
Woody Guthrie, American folk musician (b. 1912) (Huntington's disease)
Sir Malcolm Sargent, English conductor (b. 1895)
Pinto Colvig, American vaudeville actor, radio actor, newspaper cartoonist, prolific movie voice actor, and circus performer (original voice of Goofy) (b. 1892)
October 7 – Norman Angell, British politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1872)
October 8 – Clement Attlee, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1883)
October 9
Che Guevara, Argentine communist revolutionary (executed) (b. 1928)
Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
Edith Storey, American actress (b. 1892)
October 12 – Nat Pendleton, American actor and Olympic wrestler (b. 1895)
October 17 – Xuantong Emperor, Emperor of China (b. 1906)
October 20 – Yoshida Shigeru, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1878)
October 23 – Helen Palmer Geisel, Dr. Seuss' first wife (b. 1899)
October 25 – Margaret Ayer Barnes, American playwright, novelist, and short-story writer (b. 1886)
October 29 – Julien Duvivier, French film director (b. 1896)
November
November 5 – Joseph Kesselring, American playwright (b. 1902)
November 7 – John Nance Garner, U.S. Vice President (b. 1868)
November 9 – Charles Bickford, American actor (b. 1891)
November 13 – Harriet Cohen, English pianist (b. 1895)
November 15 – Alice Lake, American actress (b. 1895)
November 19 – Charles J. Watters, U.S. Army chaplain, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1927)
November 21
C. M. Eddy, Jr., American writer (b. 1896)
Florence Reed, American stage actress (b. 1883)
November 25 – Ossip Zadkine, Russian sculptor, painter and lithographer (b. 1890)
November 28 – Leon M'ba, Gabonese politician (b. 1902)
December
December 3 – Harry Wismer, American baseball owner (b. 1913)
December 4
Daniel Jones, British phonetician (b. 1881)
Bert Lahr, American actor (b. 1894)
December 7 – House Peters, Sr., British-born actor (b. 1880)
December 10 (in an air crash):
Otis Redding, American singer (b. 1941)
Ronnie Caldwell, American musician (b. 1948)
Phalon Jones, American musician (b. 1949)
December 17
Harold Holt, Australian Prime Minister (body never found) (b. 1908)
Jack Perrin, American actor (b. 1896)
December 21 – Stuart Erwin, American actor (b. 1903)
December 24 – Karl Ristenpart, German conductor (b. 1900)
December 26 – Sydney Barnes, English cricketer (b. 1873)
December 28 – Katharine McCormick, American feminist (b. 1875)
December 29 – Paul Whiteman, American bandleader (b. 1890)
December 30 – Vincent Massey, former Canadian Governor General (b. 1887)
Date unknown
Ken Battefield, American artist (b. ? )
Charles Exeter Devereux Crombie, Scottish cartoonist (d. 1967)
Nobel Prizes
Physics – Hans Albrecht Bethe
Chemistry – Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, George Porter
Physiology or Medicine – Ragnar Granit, Haldan Keffer Hartline, George Wald
Literature – Miguel Ángel Asturias
Peace – not awarded
The British Royal Family
HM The Queen
Philip HRH The Duke of Edinburgh
Charles HRH The Prince of Wales
Camilla HRH The Duchess of Cornwall
Princess Dianna
William HRH The Duke of Cambridge
Kathryn HRH The Duchess of Cambridge
HRH Prince Harry of Wales
Andrew HRH The Duke of York
HRH Princess Beatrice of York
HRH Princess Eugenie of York
Edward HRH The Earl of Wessex
Anne HRH The Princess Royal
British Monarchs
he Normans
(1066 - 1154)
King William I, the Conqueror 1066 - 1087
King Henry I 1100 - 1135
King Stephen 1135 - 1154
Empress Matilda 1141
Plantagenets
(1154 - 1399)
King Henry II 1154 - 1189
King Richard I the Lionheart 1189 - 1199
King John 1 1199 - 1216
King Henry III 1216 - 1272
King Edward I 1272 - 1307
King Edward II 1307 - 1327
King Edward III 1327 - 1377
Richard II 1377 - 1399
The House of Lancaster
(1399 - 1461)
Henry IV 1399 - 1413
Henry V 1413 - 1422
Henry VI 1422 - 1461, 1470 - 1471
The House of York
(1461 - 1485)
King Edward IV 1461 -1470, 1471 - 1483
King Edward V 1483 - 1483
King Richard III 1483 - 1485
The Tudors
(1485 -1603)
King Henry VII 1485 - 1509
King Henry VIII 1509 - 1547
King Edward VI 1547 - 1553
Jane Grey 1554
Queen Mary I (Bloody Mary) 1553 - 1558
Queen Elizabeth I 1558 - 1603
The Stuarts
(1603 - 1649) (1660 - 1714)
James I 1603 - 1625
Charles I 1625 - 1649
Charles II 1660 - 1685
James II 1685 - 1688
William III 1688 - 1702 and Queen Mary II 1688 - 1694
Queen Anne 1702 - 1714
The House of Hanoverians
(1714 -1901)
King George I 1714 - 1727
King George II 1727 - 1760
King George III 1760 - 1820
King George IV 1820 - 1830
King William IV 1830 - 1837
Queen Victoria 1837 - 1901
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha and The Windsors
(1901 -1910) (1910 - Today)
King Edward VII 1901 - 1910
King George V 1910 - 1936
King Edward VIII June 1936
King George VI 1936 - 1952
Queen Elizabeth II 1952 - present day
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