Good condition. Shipped priority mail.

Phetographs by

Cribl, Southses,

These two views of “Shamrock IV" in drydock are the first that give a correct impression of her under-water profile and model.

Evidently the designer has figured that the penalty imposed, by the rule, on full ends would be more than offset by the premium gained through large displacement, and by the great sail-

carrying power which goes with the shoal, full-ended, bulb-fin type of hull.

----------- 2 -----------

three million tons of freight will be shipped through the

new waterway.

Air Propeller Boat for Demerara.–The Engineer of

London describes a boat propelled by an air propeller

which has been constructed for use in Demerara. The

vessel is 30 feet in length and 10 feet in beam, and is of the

barge type. It is driven by a 15-horse-power oil engine,

chain connected to a 9-foot air propeller, which runs at

1,200 revolutions per minute. With a thrust of 200

pounds it is stated that the tow barge has made an aver-

age speed of 5 miles per hour. The design is certainly

more curious than economical.

Old Battleship as Target.–The results obtained from

the old battleship "Texas," when she was used in 1910 as

a target, have been so valuable as a guide to the design

of battleships, that the request of naval officers that our

obsolete battleships, such as the "Iowa" and "Indiana,"

be used for such target practice, should receive every

encouragement. England, France and Germany have

been making a free use of obsolete ships for this purpose,

and the information thus acquired is of far more value

than the cash sum which could be realized in selling these

vessels to be broken up.

A Concrete Buoy.-Reinforced concrete, during the

past few years, has been invading many fields which

hitherto have been considered as belonging exclusively

One of the interesting illustrations

to iron and steel.

of this fact is the construction of a concrete buoy at

Kingston, Jamaica. It is stated that the cost is only

about fifty per cent of the cost of a similar buoy made of

steel. To prevent the mooring chain from injuring the

bottom of the buoy, the latter is made concave. The

manhole cover was grouted into its place after the buoy

was afloat. Leakage is handled by means of a small

pump-hole provided for that purpose.

Water in Exchange for Refuse.-Milwaukee has a

refuse incinerator with a total capacity of 300 tons

a day.

by the steam raised in a 200-horse-power boiler. The

current from the generator is to be transmitted to a

flushing-tunnel pumping station, some two miles distant,

for pumping lake water into the north end of the Mil-

waukee River for flushing and cleaning purposes.

A 600-kilowatt-hour turbo-generator is driven

Locomotive Gases as Conductors.–It is well known

that discharges may occur from high pressure trolley

wires to steam locomotives through the exhaust stack.

They may take place through shorter distances than

when there are no steam and gases escaping from the

stacks. A comparison when a locomotive was exhausting

between trolley wire and track and when no locomotive

was present, proved that it required on an average about

one half the voltage to break down the air when the loco-

motive was present.

----------- 3 -----------

dreadhougit ClUJOI

Some Great Marine Disasters

RECORD of the most serious marine disastere

since 1850 shows that the list is headed by the

sinking of the "Titanic," when 1,595 people were

lost. This is followed by the recent loss of the "Em.

press of Ireland," the total of whose fatalities is now

placed at over 1,024. It is estimated that 1,000 lives

were lost in the burning of the “General Slocum" in the

East River, New York, in 1904. In September, 1912,

the "Kickermaru" was wrecked off the coast of Japan.

with a loss estimated at 1,000. In September, 1905, the

Japanese warship "Mikasa" sank with a loss of 599. In

June, 1894, the "Norge," wrecked in the North Atlantic,

went down with a loss of 600. In September, 1890, a

Turkish frigate foundered off Japan with a loss of 540.

In August, 1876, the "Great Queensland," loaded with

powder, is supposed to have been blown up in mid-

ocean, for she was never heard of again, and 569 per-

ished. In April, 1873, the "Atlantic" of the White Star

Line was wrecked off Halifax with a loss of 547.

a

A

The Rigidity of the Earth

|HAT the earth is not an absolutely unyielding

solid has long been known, and there are several

methods for evaluating the elasticity of the

whole earth. The results are a little surprising. The

ocean tides have an amplitude less than that they would

have if the earth were absolutely rigid, and from this

difference the rigidity of the earth may be calculated.

On this method it appears that the earth is about as

rigid as if it were composed wholly of steel.

A second method is based on observations made on

the displacements of the poles. If the earth were abso-

lutely rigid this movement would have a period of 305

days. The actual period is longer, and the difference

enables the elasticity of the earth to be calculated.

TE

Rabbits on Laysan Island, the well-known Hawaiian

bird reservation, have multiplied to such an extent

since they were introduced a few years ago as to

threaten the existence of the island vegetation. AS

this result would jeopardize the bird colonies, whiêh

need shade, especially during the nesting season, an

expedition which recently visited the island destroyeu

about 5,000 rabbits, or one half the total colony.

----------- 4 -----------

July 4, 1914

SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN

Friedrich Dessauer of Frankfort.

Prof. B. Krönig of Freiburg.

Prof. E. Bumm of Berlin.

Prof. de la Camp of Freiburg.

A strong supporter of the use of radium

and X-rays in treating myoma and

Who has done ploneer work in estab-

lishing the physical principles of radio-

Who is very optimistic regarding the

future possibilities of the X-ray treat-

ment of tumors.

Who has been conducting experiments

on the use of X-rays in the treatment

of tuberculosis.

therapy.

The Rationale of Their Application

X-Rays in the Treatment of Disease

----------- 5 -----------

THE curative power of radium and X-rays has

formed the subject of many a more or less sensa-

tional notice in the daily and popular press.

But the

public knows very little as to the details of the actual

methods employed and the principles upon which they

are based.

Among the men who have worked out the scientific

principle of the X-ray treatment of tumors and other

affections, perhaps none has made more valuable con-

tributions than Friedrich Dessauer, director of a large

works at Mannheim, where X-ray tubes and all their

appurtenances, as well as many other refined electrical

apparatus, are made. It required the labors of a phys-

icist, working hand in hand with many medical men,

among them some of the foremost of the profession in

Germany, to establish the principles-mainly physical–

on which the rationale of the most effective treatment

should be based. Friedrich Dessauer is the man to

whom the systematic development of this field is chiefly

We shall here briefly indicate the essence of

due.

the principles laid down by Dessauer.

Difference in Sensibility of Tissues.

A basic fact, without which radiotherapy would be

impossible, is that different tissues react differently

toward the same radiation. Moreover, this variation in

sensibility is not haphazard, but follows a simple law:

If the different tissues are tabulated in order of their

"juvenility," it is found that those at the "juvenile"

end are most susceptible, those at the "adult" end

least susceptible to X-rays. The words "juvenile" and

"adult" as here applied to types of tissue require ex-

planation. Certain cells have marked power of prolif-

eration, and undergo rapid cell division. Immature,

growing tissue is of this

type, as is also, unfor-

tunately, the tissue of

morbid growths, tumors,

cancers, etc. These are

what have been termed

above "juvenile" cells;

in technical lang u age

they are spoken of as

cytotypic. On the other

hand, the cells of a

fully formed organ

often remain unchanged

for years. These, the

organotypic cells, are

there referred to above

as the "adult" type.

The

importance

of

----------- 6 -----------

1914

ŚCIENTIFIC AMERICAN

The Rodman Wanamaker Transatlantic Flier

Its Successful Trials on Lake Keuka

----------- 7 -----------

THE Rodman Wanamaker transatlantic flier. de.

seribed in the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN of June 27th

was christened the “America" by Miss Katherine

Masson at Hammondsport, N. Y., on June 22nd, and

tested the next day by Mr. Curtiss in her first flight.

and later by Lieut. Porte, who is to pilot her across the

ocean in July. Mr. Curtiss started the huge.

craft-of 72 feet spread, and weighing.

with lightest load, something under 3,500

pounds-for a cautious run along the sur-

face of Lake Keuka at 3:05 P. M., and

played her about the lake for a quarter of

an hour, to acquire familiarity with the

controls. He plied the rudder, the ele-

vator, the ailerons, turned curves in the

water, throttled one of the engines to see

the effect of an unbalanced thrust, and

finally pointed her nose upward and rose

on even wing with only part of her fúll

power turned on. The vast throng of wit-

nesses applauded with handelapping and

tooting of automobile horns, but rather

because it was the famous over-ocean flier

than because of any unusual appearance--

the sight was all so natural and clock-like

in its occurrence.

Mr. Curtiss, after three flights, one with

Mr. George Hallett, who will be Lieut.

Porte's assistant on the Atlantic flight,

and one with Porte himself, came ashore.

Then Lieut. Porte took the wheel, with

Hallett in the seat, and a large machinist,

Mr. Lamonte, in the engine section. The

vessel flew very evenly, but with a slight

tendency to nose up. This would be cor-

rected later, to some extent, perhaps, by

interchanging the engines, so that the

blades of the twin propellers should rotate

toward the hull while ascending, and thus

lift somewhat on the tail plane by a

slightly upward blast.

Lieut. Porte returned to shore beaming

with satisfaction. He said it was the best

machine he ever rode in. He had said,

after the 30-hour test of the twin Curtiss

motors, that these engines are the best in

He now thought, and Curtiss

the world.

thought, that the Rodman Wanamaker

flier must surely be equal to the work of

carrying two

men, without renewal of

----------- 8 -----------

Ulivi's Experiments in Exploding Bombs

With Infra-red Rays

THE press of Europe has much to say to-day about

the experiments of the Italian engineer, Giulio

Ulivi, who is said to be exploding bombs from a dis-

tance by means of the infra-red ray.

hibition in Florence a month ago, where four bombs

floating on the surface of the River Arno were exploded

The public ex-

in succession, has attracted much discussion.

SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, in order that its readers may be

in the current of popular opinion in the matter, pre-

sents an eye-witness story by a representative of the

Corriere della Sera of Milan.

precision of scientific ones and are defective in just

those places that a physicist particularly desires more

nformation, but they seem to present a matter that is

taken seriously in some quarters. It is evident that

there is here either a belief on the part of the experi-

menter in his results or a splendidly well-staged act

The

The accounts lack the

in necromancy.

It is well further to say that there

have been previous "demonstrations" by another which

have some resemblance to these. They have been re-

garded with suspicion in scientific circles.

Ulivi chose for his assistant, Admiral Fornari, who

at 9 o'clock one evening was rowed from the iron

bridge into the middle of the Arno, placing in the wa-

ter one after the other the four bombs. The fact of

the immersion was communicated to Ulivi by means

of flashes of light, and the return of the admiral to

the river bank was also signaled.

The lights served to notify the Florentines of what

was on foot, and in great numbers they gathered on the

Lungarno. The houses along the river were teeming

vith population, even to their roofs. Carriages, autos,

and trams carried unceasingly their passengers to the

-iver and streams of pedestrians had the same goal.

Some went to Monte Senario, where Ulivi had sta-

ioned himself. Accompanying Admiral Fornari were

-fficers and engineers invited by the Minister of War

o view the experiment.

"All at once," according to the Corriere, "the dark-

ess was rent by a blinding flash, there was an ex-

losion with a shower of sparks and these lighted a

loud of smoke that for a while hung over the river."

n a quarter of an hour the second bomb was fired, and

fter about an equal interval, the third. The bombs

ad been floating with the current and here a delay

nsued. When about twenty minutes had elapsed the

eople thought that the last bomb had escaped, but near

----------- 9 -----------

is now ready for the buffeting of the Atlantic.

The Austrian Aircraft Disaster

By Carl Dienstbach

OLLISIONS in the air ha ve occurred between aero-

planes, but the most recent disastrous encounter of

a dirigible and a flying machine is a ghastly novelty,

not only because of the appalling loss of life, but also

because of its similarity to collisions at sea, which

have resulted from imperfeetly understood conditions of

maneuvering.

Vienna is not lightened by the fact that the military

necessity of the kind of maneuvering from which it

resulted was more imaginary than real, and that sclen-

tifie thought could have revealed its dangers before they

had been proved by bitter experience. Only obsolete

dirigibles hold out a temptation for a sudden attack by

aeroplanes from above at elose quarters, a proceeding

which has been characterized in the columns of the

SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN as sulcidal, even if it succeeds, and

of which the danger has now been so glaringly brought

The tragie sight of the oecurrence near

home.

All large dirigibles are now provided with armored

platforms as a defense against overhead attack, plat-

forms which are reached by air-tight vertical passages

with ladders, traversing the very gas. But it is a serlous

oversight not to realize that the same defense may be

easily improvised on any smaller airship of an earlier

date. To see a man climb up the side, and even to the

top of a spherical balloon-with the netting for a lad-

der-during inflation, to fasten a flag or adjust some-

thing is common enough; similar feats have been per-

formed several thousand feet above ground. The welght

of a small man with a Lewis machine rifle is still more

easily supported by the tougher envelope and internal

pressure of a dirigible. It requires only the lightest

kind of a "saddle" frame (distributing the weight over

a considerable area of fabrie) to shelter the men very

snugly and keep a rope ladder at a convenient distance

of one inch or two from the gas bag, not to forget a

speaking tube or signaling apparatus for communication

with the car below. Although it is but a single marks-

man to whom the overhead protection of a small, old-

fashloned dirigible be thus entrusted, his presence is

quite sufficient to stamp any maneuvering of an aero-

plane to get into efficient bomb-dropping range as

equally ridiculous as assaulting with a dagger an ex-

pert with an automatie pistol. If the upper half of the

dirigible is deserted-a negligence quite as ridiculous

in war as it would be to fight a torpedo-boat with no

opening and a high fence on the starboard side-there

is, indeed, a strong temptation for an attacking aero-

plane to get into this lee-zone of invisiblity. When

this was done without warlike intent by an aeroplane,

which had gone out to greet an arriving Parseval dirigi-

ble, the experienced pilot of the latter published

sionate protest, "because nobody could know what might

be the result." Assuredly, warlike conditions must

needs increase the danger out of all proportion. In the

case of the ill-fated Austrian craft, it was evidently

assumed that the dirigible was defended by firearms

in the car. The tactiecs of the attacking aeroplane were,

accordingly, correct enough from a military point of

view, but a selentist could have foretold their risk. The

newspaper report that the blplane rose to a much higher

level just before attempting to fly over the dirigible

seems correct, as close-range fire could best be dodged

by swooping.

But the maneuver resembled a landing, and Hirth,

the German engineer-aviator, has eloquently described

the chance of a premature contact with the ground, due

to the diffieulty of judging its exact distance, the

amount of downward momentum, and, principally, how

the contour of the ground might unexpectedly deflect

the wind and sway the machine. The Austrian "Koer-

ting," airship type, which figured in the accident, is

characterized by a "camel-back," an exaggerated curv-

ing of the upper side of the hull, resulting in a tremen-

dous suction like that above the upper surface of an

aeroplane. We know what the "suction" of a hull of

normal shape has done to ships on the water in bring-

ing them into collision without any gravity to help.

How much greater be that danger with one of them

"all surface," like an aeroplane?

What happened to the unforunate Austrian aviators

pas-

----------- 10 -----------

relevanoj

Meteorology in Eastern Siberia

THE new meteorological observatory at Vladivostok

is to be the center of an extensive network of obsery-

ing stations in Eastern Siberia, which will report their

observations by telegraph, and co-operate in maintain-

ing a storm-warning and general forecasting service. A

grant of about $130,000 has just been asked from the

Duma for the establishment and equipment of these

stations. In connection with important colonization

plans, the government of Yeniseisk has just published a

large work (in Russian) on the climate of Eastern

Siberia, accompanied by an atlas. This gives detailed

statistics for most of the government of Tomsk, and th

whole of the governments of Irkutsk and Transbaikalia

Increased knowledge of the Siberian climate is of prae

tical interest to Americans in connection with the work

of introducing plants from that region into the United

States, and finding the most appropriate habitat for

them in this country.

M. E. Durand-Gréville, the French meteorologist,

died in Paris January 2nd, in his 76th year. His

principal scientific work was the development of the

law of squalls, and the, bulk of his writings relate to

this subject.

----------- 11 -----------

Various applications of the Fessenden electric

oscillator.

Tank attached to skin of ship for receiving

submarine signals.

Prof. Reginald Fessenden and his electric

oscillator.

An Underwater Siren to Prevent Collisions at Sea

Prof. R. A. Fessenden's Latest Invention

By P. Harvey Middleton

----------- 12 -----------

Prof.

D EFORE describing the oscillator invented by Prof.

R. A. Fessenden, which has made it possible, for the

first time in the history of navigation, for moving ships

to communicate with each other in the densest fogs with

absolute certainty, and to obtain an echo from an ice-

berg, it is necessary to recall briefly the history of the

submarine bell, which first made it pOssible for ships to

receive souds through the water, though not to send

them. Jules Verne in his "Twenty Thousand Leagues

Under the Sea" makes Capt. Nemo of the “Nautilus"

dwell upon the superiority of submarine transmission,

and there have been many attempts to utilize the prin-

ciple; the natives of Ceylon over a hundred years

ago used to signal each other when at sea by submerg-

ing an earthen "chatty," which, when struck, produced

a sharp, percussive clink that could be heard by placing

the ear against the bottom of a boat miles away. After

persistent and long-continued experiment in the utiliza-

tion of improved electrical microphonic and telephonic

apparatus, the first submarine bell was installed at Egg

Rock, on the Massachusetts coast, in 1901, and three

years later the first receiving apparatus was fitted upon

an ocean-going steamer. Now there are 148 bell sta-

tions in the world, and 1,225 war and mercantile vessels

sen

pos

sig

exi

ing

or

ha

wa

an

of

to

en

th

Fe

at

lin

si

ar

th

re

have apparatus for receiving the sound from these bells,

this apparatus consisting of (1) an indicator box con-

taining switches for connecting alternately the micro-

phones of the system with the telephone receivers, (2)

dry batteries for supplying electric current for the tele-

phones, (3) microphones for transmitting the bell

sounds to the telephone, and (4) tanks to contain water

in which the microphones are immersed.

The man who deserves the highest credit for the idea

of installing a microphone for transmitting sound in a

tank on board ship is the late Arthur J. Mundy. Real-

izing that sound travels through water at 4,700 feet per

second, against 1,090 feet through air, and that subma-

rine signals are not subject to interferences such as fre-

quently occur with atmospheric sound signals, Mundy

conceived the idea of building a tank on board ship in

such a way that the hull would form one end of the

tank, which was filled with sea water, the side of the

ship offering no impediment to the passage of sound

sl

W.

to

i-

through the water.

But the problem which still remained, and has on]y

now been solved, was to devise an apparatus that would

----------- 13 -----------

The United States revenue cutter "Miami" close to berg (off Grand

Banks) similar to that which destroyed the "Titanic."

66

Had the "Titanic" been

equipped with an apparatus capable of ascertaining the presence and distance

of the iceberg, she might have been saved.

The Fessenden oscillator obtained echoes from icebergs two and a half miles

away, distance being determined by stop-watch.

----------- 14 -----------

y 4, 1914

SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN

The Manufacture and Fitting of Piston Rings

How the Efficiency of a Motorcar is Dependent Upon Gas-tight Ring-joints

By H. S. Whiting

----------- 15 -----------

Eastern Horizon

Ale Comets

MONG the astronomical publications of the past

month, one .of the most interesting comes from

Copenhagen, and deals with the much-discussed ques-

tion of the origin of comets.

Ever since it was found that most comets move in

A

nearly parabolic orbits, and must have come from a

distance many times greater than that of the remotest

planet of the solar system, it has been a question

whether they really belong to our system at all, or are

visitors from outer space. This is not an easy question

to answer, and the definite assertion which Prof. Ström-

gren is now able to make, in the memoir just men-

tioned, has only been made possible by skilled mathe-

matical analysis and laborious computations; but the

principles on which his work has been done are simple

enough to explain here.

All students of astronomy know that the orbit of a

comet (or of any other body moving freely under the

force of the Sun's gravitation) may be an ellipse, a

parabola, or a hyperbola. In the first case, the orbit is

a closed curve. If we could follow the comet's motion as

it receded farther and farther from the

Sun, we would find that the rate of its

recession grew ever slower and slower,

until at last the Sun's attraction pre-

vailed, the comet began to move inward

again, at first slowly, but with ever-

increasing speed, returning at last to peri-

helion, and completing this cycle over and

over again.

A hyperbolic orbit appears when the

comet's velocity is so great that the Sun's

attraction is not able to slow it down com-

pletely. As it recedes from the Sun, its

velocity grows less and less, but always

remains greater than a certain limit, so

that, after the comet has got a long way

from the Sun, its path will be practically

a straight line, along which it moves at a

definite speed out into interstellar space.

Following it back, it is found that (if no

forces other than the Sun's attraction

had come into play) a comet must have

been approaching our system from the

outside with this same definite speed, be-

fore it was sensibly influenced by the

Sun's attraction.

The parabolic orbit reaches the limiting

case between the other two, in which the

velocity is just too great for the Sun's at-

traction ever to overcome.

A comet mov-

----------- 16 -----------

sus nas JI

West

lations Aquarius and Capricornús „

the southeast.

The Planets.

Mercury is an evening star at th

ginning of the month, but is south of the

Sun, and not easy to see, as he sets o

8:30 P. M. He rapidly approaches the

Sun, and passes south of him on the 16th,

At the end of

becoming a morning star.

July he rises at 3:40 A. M., and may be

Venus is conspicuous

seen in the dawn.

as an evening star, setting at 9:35 on the 1st and 9

on the 31st.

Mars is evening star, too, in Leo, set-

ting at 9:50 on the 15th. Jupiter is in the eastern

part of Capricornus, rising at 9:50 on the 1st, and 7:45

on the 31st. He is still pretty far south, but not so

much so as for the past three years.

Saturn is a morning star in Taurus, and rises a little

before 3 A. M. in the middle of the month.

Uranus is in Capricornus, and is approaching opp0-

sition. He crosses the meridian at 1 A. M. on the 20th

and is observable much earlier; but he is not near any

conspicuous star, and is hard to find. With a star map,

he may be picked up, his position being 20 hours, 54

minutes, 5 seconds, -18 degrees 9 minutes on June 30th,

and 20 hours, 49 minutes, 58 seconds, -18 degrees 26

minutes on July 29th. He is just visible to the naked

eye on a clear, dark night, as a star of magnitude 6.0,

but is better seen with a field glass.

Neptune is in conjunction with the Sun on the 21st,

and is quite invisible.

The Moon is full at 9 A. M. on the 7th, ip her last

quarter at 3 A. M. on the 15th, new at 10 P. M. on the

22nd, and in her first quarter at 7 P. M. on the 29th.

She is nearest the Earth on the 3rd and the 28th, and

remotest on the 15th. - As this last date is very near

that of the last quarter, the tides on that day will show

an exceptionally small range.

The Moon is in conjunction with Uranus on the 9th,

Jupiter on the 10th, Saturn on the 20th, Mercury and

Neptune on the 22nd, and with Venus and Mars on the

25th, when the three bodies will form a pretty spectacle.

Princeton University Observatory.

----------- 17 -----------

Making Motorcar Bodies With a

Trowel

Na recent article on automobile manu-

facture we called attention to the va-

riety of trades that contribute to the

construction of a modern motorcar.

new class of artisan has just been added

to he list. A French firm of car manu-

facturers makes its car bodies by a novel

process of plastering, or may be we should

say modeling; for it requires more skill

tan that of the common plasterer.

Builders are familiar with the process

of making partition walls by erecting a

screen of wire netting and coating it with

Practically the same

A

a layer of plaster.

thing is done in the new process of mak-

ing car bodies, except that a very different

plaster is used. The framework of the

car is made of wood, and on this wire net-

ting is tacked, as shown in our cover

Then the modeler begins

operations with palette and trowel, daub-

ing the wire netting with the plastic ma-

terial, which he spreads out smoothly.

After the coating has set, it may be

dressed down with a plane and sandpaper,

After that it is painted

illustration.

just like wood.

and rubbed down with oils and varnish

until it assumes a very high polish.

It is claimed for the new process, that

the car bodies can be manufactured with

a great saving of time, and also, that a

very light and durable body is obtained.

Mount Lassen an Active Volcano

in California

HE ancient and long dormant volcano

known as Lassen Peak, in Shasta

County, northern California, burst into

eruption on the afternoon of May 30th,

since which time several renewals of ac

tivity have occurred. This mountain is

the culminating summit in a belt of vol-

canic cones, appearing from the maps to

de a part of the Sierra Nevada, but be-

longing geologically to the Cascade Range.

ts altitude is 10.437 feet, and it bears

large patches of perennial snow. Ten

miles northeast of Lassen Peak lies the

Sm

----------- 18 -----------

there is no unpleas-

ant sensation.

Sun Glasses for

Ball Players

THE latest in

baseball is the

invention

of

sun

glasses for fielders.

The glasses are riv-

eted to the peak of

the cap and work

on a hinge. When

not needed to shield

the eyes, the glasses

rest a gainst the

peak of the cap.

When a ball is hit,

the fielder wearing

a pair of these new

glasses

simply

touches the rim of

and

the glasses,

they fall down in

----------- 19 -----------

Deller

service warrant the additional expenditure on the part

of the milkman?

Summer Activities in the Patent Office.–For so

eral years past it has been the custom in the Patont

Office to docket few, if any, appeal cases for hearing

by the Commissioner of Patents or the Assistant Com

missioners during July and August. This year, how.

ever, the docketing of cases has continued without e

rard to the summer months, but doubtless no great

difficulty will be experienced in having cases set fon

hearing during the heated term, postponed on request

In this way the Office will not delay business which

ought to be expedited, and the wishes of counsel rela.

tively to summer vacations will have due consideration

A High-power Explosive.-R. E. Mansfield, Consul

General at Vancouver, Canada, tells of tests recently

made before business men of Vancouver, of an explo-

sive called "Sabulite," which it is proposed to manu-

facture at Coquitlam, British Columbia. It is claimed

that while the explosive, used for blasting purposes,

only requires about one third as much as dynamite,

that it can be handled both while in the course of

manufacture and in

without dan-

ger, that none of its

ingredients in them-

use

selves

are explo-

sive, and that the

product is not af-

fected by heat or

cold.

Oil Heater for

Heating Water.-

The General Gas

Appliance Company

of New York city,

as assignee of

Charles D. Elmer

of Passaic, N. J.,

has secured a pat-

ent 1,098,373, for a

water heater in

which a number

of oil burners,

e ach

individual chimney,

having an

n lifter for punch presses.

are utilized.