25 Gram Lactanase packet Provides ingredients important for the formation of acetyl coenzyme A, in the horse's body, critical for cellular energy Special combination of riboflavin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B-1, niacin and lipoic acid Provides essential ingredients needed to release energy from both carbohydrates and fats A favorite of Thoroughbred and Standardbred trainers and veterinariansWhat Is Lactanase? Lactanase supplies nutrients important for the formation of acetyl coenzyme A in the horse's body.Acetyl coenzyme A is the gateway to the Krebs cycle, where the release of cellular energy takes place. This formula was thefirst pre-performance supplement to focus on the need for acetyl coenzyme A during intensive exercise, when the horsecannot rely upon oxygen for energy release. Lactanase has been tested by Thoroughbred and Standardbred trainers andveterinarians at the nation's leading racetracks. It is now available to all horsemen for optimum support of horses involved inintensive exercise and performance.Anaerobic Metabolism is Used To Maintain Intensive Exercise When horses perform or exercise intensely, they quicklyface a demand for energy that is greater than the amount of oxygen available to produce it. When more than half of thehorse's energy is produced without oxygen, the horse is performing anaerobically. Anaerobic metabolism typically begins todominate after galloping only one-quarter of a mile, and for many horses it kicks in sooner. Lactanase addresses some of thefundamental nutritional needs of anaerobic metabolism to provide targeted support for high-intensity equine athletes.The Bridge to ATP D-Glycogen is the main energy source for intensive exercise that lasts more than a few seconds. It isconverted through many steps to enter the Krebs cycle to produce ATP, the basic biological energy source. In the anaerobicmetabolism of intense exercise, these steps must be made without additional oxygen. A crucial junction is the conversion ofpyruvate (from glycogen) to acetyl coenzyme A, where it enters the Krebs cycle. If the cell lacks the necessary nutrients toform acetyl coenzyme A, pyruvate will be changed into lactic acid (lactate). Lactic acid must be reconverted or transported tothe liver for processing through the Cori cycle. Researchers point to the buildup of lactic acid in the blood and within themuscle cells as a possible indication of fatigue and inability of the cells to produce energy and control muscle function.The Essential Co-Factors And The Lactanase Formula Lactanase supplies nutrients that serve as substrates of keyenzymes needed for the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A. Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, forms thiaminepyrophosphate, or TPP, a coenzyme used to begin pyruvate conversion. Lipoic acid is a sulfur-bearing fatty acid that isproduced within the body, and is also found in low levels in yeast, liver and other foods. Lipoic acid's unique arrangement ofelectrons gives it a key role in the synthesis of acetyl coenzyme A. Pantothenic acid, sometimes called vitamin B5, is a majorbuilding block of acetyl coenzyme A. Riboflavin, or B2, is the basis of an enzyme called FAD, and niacinamide (a form ofvitamin B3) is used to produce NAD, a coenzyme. These are the nutrients supplied by Lactanase. Together they help the cellsto efficiently deliver fuel from anaerobic metabolism to the Krebs cycle for energy release. Because the horse can quickly andeasily absorb these nutrients, Lactanase can be given shortly before performance to provide extra metabolic power when youreally need it.Bonus: Lactanase And The Metabolism Of Fats One of the main pathways to release energy from fats produces a fattyacid called alpha-ketoglutarate. Like pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate must cross a crucial bridge before it can be used in theKrebs cycle. Thiamine, lipoic acid, pantothenic acid and niacinamide support the enzymes that get the job done. Lactanasedoes double duty with key nutrients the horse needs to release energy from both carbohydrates and fats. Directions for Use Lactanase Packet Directions for Use: One packet equals 25 grams. Blend thoroughly. During daily conditioning, give 1 packet for first two days, then 1/2 to 1 packet each day of conditioning or workout. For stress or performance, give 1 packet the evening before an event and 1 packet two t0 three hours prior to the event.