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A synagogue, also spelled synagog (from Greek: συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, meaning "assembly beyt knesset, meaning "house of assembly"; beyt t'fila, meaning "house of prayer") is a Jewish house of prayer. When broken down, the word could also mean "learning together" (from the Greek συν syn, together, and αγωγή agogé, learning or training Synagogues have a large hall for prayer (the main sanctuary), and can also have smaller rooms for study and sometimes a social hall and offices. Some have a separate room for Torah study, called the beit midrash(Sfard) "beis midrash (Ashkenaz)—בית מדרש ("House of Study"). Synagogues are consecrated spaces that can be used only for the purpose of prayer; however a synagogue is not necessary for worship. Communal Jewish worship can be carried out wherever ten Jews (a minyan) assemble. Worship can also be carried out alone or with fewer than ten people assembled together. However there are certain prayers that are communal prayers and therefore can be recited only by a minyan. The synagogue does not replace the long-since destroyed Temple in Jerusalem. Israelis use the Hebrew term beyt knesset (assembly house). Jews of Ashkenazi descent have traditionally used the Yiddish term "shul" (cognate with the German Schule, school) in everyday speech. Spanish and Portuguese Jews call the synagogue an esnoga. Persian Jews and Karaite Jews use the term Kenesa, which is derived from Aramaic, and some Arabic-speaking Jews use knis. Some Reform and Conservative Jews use the word "temple". The Greek word "Synagogue" is a good all-around term, used in English (and German and French), to cover the preceding possibilities. Judaica silverware used in synagogues and Jewish household ceremonies. They include TORAH SHIELd, RIMMONIM - TORAH FINIAL, YAD -TORAH POINTER, CHANUKAH LAMP - MENORAH , ETROG CONTAINER (SPICE BOX - ESROG BOX), KIDDUSH CUP (KIDDUSH GOBLET - KIDDUSH BEAKER), SPICE TOWER Since ancient times silver was the preferred material for making the Kiddush cups, Hanukkah lamps, Torah decorations and the dozens of other objects used in observing the 'Mitzvot' (commandments). Although silver has been important in the fashioning of secular and religious objects for millennia, very little that was made specifically for Jewish ritual use before the 16th century has survived. Most of the objects we know of in museum and private collections of Judaica date from the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. 'Judaica' is highly appreciateds by antique silver collectors and Sotheby's and other primary auction houses dedicate specific auctions to this theme. In Europe, Jews were not normally allowed to be silversmiths or goldsmiths because they were excluded from membership in the guilds. So, many of the ceremonial objects in Judaica collections, though used by Jewish communities, were made by non-Jewish manufacturers or artisans on commission. As a result, there are often mistakes in the Hebrew because the people who made the objects didn't know Hebrew and could only copy it from inscriptions written out for them. The Judaic ceremonial art had its first public display in the late 19th century. The collecting and displaying of Jewish ceremonial art for aesthetic as well as educational purposes was unknown until the nineteenth century, as up to that time they were used only in the life cycle and holiday ceremonies in the home and in the synagogue. Some Jewish ceremonial objects were displayed in 1875 in the Amsterdam Historische Tentoonstelling and a private collection of eighty-two objects was displayed in 1878 at the Exposition Universale of Paris. The first major independent public display on Judaica art was held in the 1887 Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition, and its 2945 items catalog was the first significant catalog of Jewish art. This is a page of 'The What is? Silver Dictionary' of A Small Collection of Antique Silver and Objects of vertu, a 1000 pages richly illustrated website offering all you need to know about antique silver, sterling silver, silverplate, sheffield plate, electroplate silver, silverware, flatware, tea services and tea complements, marks and hallmarks, articles, books, auction catalogs, famous silversmiths (Tiffany, Gorham, Jensen, Elkington), history, oddities Jewish ceremonial art, also called Judaica, is the range of objects used by Jews for ritual purposes. Because enhancing a mitzvah by performing it with an especially beautiful object is considered a praisworthy way of honoring God's commandments, Judaism has a long tradition of commissioning ritual objects from highly regarded craftworkers and artists. Objects by type Haggadah of Pesach The tradition of artistically embellished haggadahs dates back to the Middle Ages. the Sarajevo Haggadah of 1350 is a celebrated example. Major contemporary artists have produced notable haggadahs, such as the Szyk Hagaddah. Chanukah menorahs The menorah used on the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah is perhaps the most widely produced article of Jewish ceremonial art The Lindo lamp is a particularly fine example by an 18th-century silversmith. Contemporary artists often design menorahs, such at the gold-plated brass menorah with 35 moveable branches designed by Yaakov Agam. A silver menorah by Ze'ev Raban from the 1930's is in the Judaica Collection of the North Carolina Museum of Art. Spice boxes The close of the Jewish Shabbat is marked by the brief prayer ceremony of Havdalah, which usually takes place in the home. Part of the ceremony requires sniffing a sweet-smelling spice or plant. In Jewish communities around the Mediterranean, a sprig of a sweet-smelling shrub was customarily used, in Northern Europe by the twelfth century there are literary references of the use of a specially designed spice box or container. The oldest surviving spice boxes for Havdalah date to the mid-sixteenth century. The Jewish Museum (New York) has an German example c. 1550 thought to originate in Frankfurt am Main. Museum Collections Museums with notable collections of Jewish ceremonial art include the Israel Museum, the Jewish Museum (London), the Jewish Museum in Prague, the North Carolina Museum of Art and the Jewish Museum (New York). The Hanukkah menorah (Hebrew: מנורה menorah) (also Hebrew: חַנֻכִּיָּה‎ hanukiah, or chanukkiyah, pl. hanukiyot/chanukkiyot, or Yiddish: חנוכּה לאמפּ khanike lomp, lit.: Hanukkah lamp) is, strictly speaking, a nine-branched candelabrum lit during the eight-day holiday of Hanukkah, as opposed to the seven-branched menorah used in the ancient Temple or as a symbol. The ninth holder, called the shamash ("helper or servant"), is for a candle used to light all other candles. The menorah is among the most widely produced articles of Jewish ceremonial art The menorah is a traditional symbol of Judaism, along with the Magen David.Origins Hanukkah celebrates the rededication of the Temple after the successful Jewish revolt against the Seleucid monarchy. The Jews found only enough ritually pure olive oil to light the menorah for one day, but the supply miraculously lasted eight days until a new supply could be obtained. In celebration of this miracle, the Hanukkah menorah has eight branches for eight candles or oil lamps, none higher than any other. These lamps are not to be used for secular purposes, such as providing the sole source of light or heat for the room. The Hanukkah menorah has a ninth branch for an auxiliary candle, the shamash, that, by shedding its own light, keeps the other candles from inadvertently serving any purpose other than their ritual one. The shamash is also used to light the other candles. The holder for the shamash candle is generally distinguished in some way from the other eight, traditionally being placed higher than the others, and often in the center, with four of the other candles on each side. In addition to the shamash, on the first night one candle is placed in the holder on the far right, and is lit using either the shamash or a different candle or match. Each night afterwards for the next seven nights, one additional candle is kindled. The candles are placed in the Hanukkah menorah from right to left and kindled from left to right. The manner of lighting one additional candle each night follows the opinion of the House of Hillel, which was accepted as Jewish law. The House of Shammai disagreed; it held that eight candles should be kindled the first night, seven the second night, and so on down to one candle on the last night.Many museums have notable collections of Hanukkah menorahs, including the Israel Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art,and the Jewish Museum, which owns the Lindo lamp. Name In the English-speaking diaspora, the lamp is most commonly called a "Hanukkah menorah," whereas in Modern Hebrew it is exclusively called a chanukkiyah, and the Hebrew word menorah simply means "lamp". The term chanukkiyah was coined at the end of the nineteenth century in Jerusalem by the wife of Eliezer Ben Yehuda, the reviver of the Hebrew language. The parts of the menorah that hold the candle at the top of each arm are called "candle cups". Kiddush is performed at the beginning of Jewish Sabbat and Jewish festival meals. The purpose of the kiddush is to remind Jews of the sanctity of the day, one must "remember it" by making arrangements specifically through the kiddush ceremonty. It is customary to put the wine or grape juice used in the kiddush ritual into a decorated goblet called a kiddush cup. Kiddush cups are often given as gifts at a child's bris, bar-mitzvah, bat-mitzvah or wedding. Hamsa, or "five", represents the protective "Hand of God", therefore the Hamsa is a very popular symbol for protection against the evil eye, and promoting good luck. The Hamsa is a meaningful gift expressing love and good will. These decorative Passover Seder plates are made of a variety of materials: pewter, silver, ceramic and glass. The Seder plate is a traditional essential item for every Jewish household. Groggers, or noisemakers are used in the synagogue during reading of Megillat Esther on Purim, whenever the name of the wicked "Haman" is mentioned The dreidel is a Chanukah game, as a reminder Greek-Syrian decrees prohibiting the Jews to learn Torah. The children would secretly meet to learn, and when the soldiers appeared, they would quickly pull out their dreidels and pretend to be playing a game. The Mezuzah (plural "Mezuzot") must be affixed to the outer thresholds of every Jewish house. We offer a variety of tastefully decorated Mezuzot for your own use or as Jewish gifts. They feature traditional Jewish themes and Judaica motifs. The Tallit is a traditional fringed Jewish prayer shawl    ebay1549/27