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Carmel
Winery is a vineyard and winery in Israel. Founded in 1882 by Edmond James de
Rothschild, its products are exported to over 40 countries.Carmel Winery
manufactures mainly wine, brandy and grape juice. It is the prime producer of
wine in Israel, as it produces nearly half of the Israeli wine market, and one
of the largest wine producers in the Eastern Mediterranean. It is the first and
oldest exporter of wine, brandy and grape juice in the country, and also the
largest producer of kosher wine in the world.The company is owned by the
council of the Vine-growers Union (75%) and the Jewish Agency for Israel (25%).
Its parent company is Societe Cooperative Vigneronne des Grandes Caves Richon
Le Zion & Zikhron Ya'akov Ltd. (S.C.V.)The company holds the two largest
wineries in Israel, as well as three new boutique wineries. These wineries
include Rishon LeZion Winery, Zikhron Ya'akov Winery, Yatir Winery (50%) and
Ramat Dalton Winery. In addition, the company owns 1,500 hectares (3,750 acres)
of vineyards in Israel.Carmel's production reaches 25-30 million bottles per
year and its profit from export adds up to USD 5 million from 40 countries.When
the settlers of the First Aliyah, Jews who immigrated to Palestine from Eastern
Europe in the second half of the 19th century, encountered difficulties in
cultivating the land due to their lack of experience and the soil's
characteristics, they began to seek support outside of Palestine for
establishing vineyards and wineries. Their representatives traveled to France, where
they met Baron Edmond de Rothschild, owner of Château Lafite. As a Zionist,
Rothschild provided financial and moral assistance to the settlers. His first
vineyards were planted near Rishon LeZion, south east of Jaffa. In 1882, French
rootstock was imported, and the Baron sent his own wine specialists to advise
the pioneers in this enterprise. Construction began on a large wine cellar in
Rishon LeZion. Later, a second winery was established in Zikhron Ya'akov,
situated on Mount Carmel just south of Haifa.In 1895 Carmel Wine Co. was formed
to export wines of Rishon LeZion and Zikhron Ya'akov, first in Poland, then in
Austria, Great Britain and the United States. In 1902 Carmel Mizrahi was
founded in Palestine to market and distribute wines to the cities of the
Ottoman Empire.In 1896, the first Carmel wines were presented at the
International Exhibition of Berlin at a special pavilion devoted to the
industries of the Jewish colony in Palestine. Over a hundred thousand people
visited the exhibition, looked at the products, and drank a glass of Rishon
LeZion wine. A year later, a world gardening exhibition was held in Hamburg
where the settlers' wines were well received. Rishon LeZion wines won a gold
medal at the Paris World's Fair in 1900.In 1906, both the vineyards and the
management of the two wineries were deeded to the winegrowers, forming the
"Societé Cooperative Vigneronne des Grandes Caves, Richon le Zion and
Zikhron Jacob Ltd."Interestingly, many of Israel's historical figures
worked in the vineyards and in the wineries. Perhaps the two most famous were
the first Prime Minister of Israel, David Ben Gurion and his successor, Levi
Eshkol.Through the early decades of the 20th century the wine business bloomed.
Branches of Carmel Wine Co., were opened in Damascus, Cairo, Beirut, Berlin,
London, Warsaw and Alexandria, and sales increased, particularly during the
First World War, when allied troops passed through Palestine. However, the
businesses fell sharply when the war was over. The industry lost its principal
markets in Russia due to the October Revolution, in the United States because
of Prohibition, and in Egypt and the Middle East because of Arab nationalism.
Many of the vineyards were uprooted and replanted with citrus trees.However,
during the Second World War, the industry began to grow again and with
successive waves of immigrants, drinking habits gradually changed. In 1957, the
estate of the Baron Edmond de-Rothschild deeded over the two wineries to the
Cooperative of Winegrowers, the Societé Cooperative Vigneronne des Grandes
Caves, by then, better known under the trade name Carmel Mizrahi in Israel and
Carmel worldwide.For some years after the end of the war, Carmel's output was
focused on sweet wines used for sacramental purposes. However, with the
emergence of the new world in wine making, Israeli wine makers sought new
varieties of grapes, thus in 1971 Cabarnet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc, the
first varietal wines from Israel, were presented in the United States market.In
the early 80's, the wine industry in Israel fell upon hard times, but in the
second half of the decade, wine became more popular and demands for quality
stimulated tremendous improvements in the varieties of grapes being grown, the
cultivation of new growing regions and the updating of fermentation and
production techniques.Over the past few years, new state of the art wineries
have been built, the existing wineries have been renovated and a new team of
young, highly qualified wine makers have been employed. The constant search for
improvement is now part of the fabric of the cooperative.In 2003 Carmel agreed
to sponsor 'Carmel Trophy for Best Eastern Mediterranean Producer' at I.W.S.C.
in London. In 2004 Peter Stern (formerly at Mondavi & Gallo) from
California was appointed wine making consultant. The same year Carmel founded
'Handcrafted Wines of Israel'.Exporting to over 40 countries, Carmel products
are found in wine stores and retail chains around the globe. Wineries Carmel's first winery and head office is
Rishon LeZion Winery, which is located in the city of Rishon LeZion. It was
built in 1890 by Baron Edmond de Rothschild, making it the oldest industrial
building in Israel still in use. The winery is the largest winery in Israel in
terms of production of wines, spirits and grape juice. It was the first
establishment in Israel to install electricity and telephone, and David Ben
Gurion, Israel's first prime minister, worked there. It underwent renovations
in the 1990s.Carmel's second winery is Zikhron Ya'akov Winery. Located in
Zikhron Ya'akov, it is used for production of wine and blending of olive oil.
It was built in 1892, also by Baron Edmond de Rothschild. The winery is the
largest winery in Israel in terms of grapes received at harvest. It includes a
new boutique winery built in 2003 and a pilot micro-winery for research and
development.Yatir Winery is a small winery built in 2000 with state of the art
equipment, which receives grapes only from its own vineyards. It is situated in
Tel Arad, an archaeological site with 3,000 years of history, in the
northeastern Negev. The winery was a joint venture between Carmel (50%) and
Gadash local wine growers (50%). Yatir Winery is now solely owned by Carmel
Winery. Its vineyards are located in Yatir Forest in the southern Judean
Hills.Another newly built winery is Ramat Dalton, located in Ramat Dalton,
Upper Galilee. It was built in 2004 and receives its grapes from vineyards in
Upper Galile and Golan Heights. Vineyards Carmel
Winery owns numerous vineyards across Israel, from the Galilee and the Golan
Heights in the North to the Negev in the South. These vineyards include some of
the finest individual vineyard sites in the country. On average, Carmel
harvests about 25,000 tonnes of grapes, which is approximately 50% of Israel’s
total harvest. Exported wines will show the growing region on the label.In the
Galilee and Golan, which are generally accepted as Israel’s finest wine
growing areas due to their higher altitude and cooler climate, Carmel's
vineyards focus on growing quality grapes. Carmel has vineyards in the central
and northern Golan and it is the leading winery presence in the premium Upper
Galilee. The grapes from the finest vineyards go to Ramat Dalton Winery.The
coastal regions of Sharon and Central Coastal Plain are Israel’s traditional
grape growing areas, where Carmel's vines were originally planted. In the
northern Sharon Plain, Israel's largest wine growing region, benefiting from
Mount Carmel Range and from breezes off the Mediterranean Sea, Carmel owns
extensive areas of vineyards. The main concentration of vineyards is in the
valleys surrounding the winery towns of Zikhron Ya’akov and Binyamina. This
is the largest region for Carmel which surrounds the Zikhron Ya’akov Winery.
It was announced in early 2008 that a 150-acre (0.61 km) wine
park would be created on the slopes between Zikhron Ya'akov and Binyamina in
order to promote tourism in the area and wine tourism in Israel in general.The
Central Coastal Plain (known as Dan) and the rolling hills of the Judean
Lowlands make up the second coastal region, in which grapes have been
traditionally grown. This is the second largest area for growing vines in
Israel, as it has a coastal Mediterranean climate: hot, humid summers and warm,
mild winters. It is a large region for Carmel and it supplies the Rishon LeZion
Winery.In the Judean Hills, an area proved to yield grapes of high quality due
to its warm days and cool nighttime temperature, Carmel has premium vineyards
in Yatir Forest, the largest forest in Israel. These vineyards, which are up to
900 meters above sea level, supply grapes for the boutique Yatir Winery.Carmel
is a pioneer in the Negev, a popular area for vine growing in ancient times,
with its high quality Ramat Arad vineyard situated on the north east Negev
plateau, 500 meters above sea level with very hot days and cold nights. ebay3760