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Zim Integrated Shipping Services Ltd. (Hebrew: צים‎), commonly known as ZIM, is an Israeli international cargo shipping company in Israel, and one of the top-20 global carriers.[1] The company's headquarters are in Haifa; it also has a North American headquarters in Norfolk, Virginia.[2] Originating in 1945, ZIM traded from 1948 to 2004 as ZIM Israel Navigation Company. Contents 1 History 2 Privatization 3 Planned stock offering 4 Operational statistics 5 See also 6 References 7 External links History[edit] ZIM was founded on June 7, 1945, as the ZIM Palestine Navigation Company Ltd, by the Jewish Agency, the Israel Maritime League and the Histadrut (General Federation of Laborers in the Land of Israel). The first ship was purchased in partnership with Harris and Dixon (based in London) in 1947. This vessel was refurbished, renamed SS Kedma, and sailed to the future state of Israel in the summer of 1947.[3] After the state of Israel was established in 1948, the company was renamed ZIM Israel Navigation Company Ltd.[4] During her first years, her main task was transporting hundreds of thousands of immigrants to the emerging state.[3] Some of the other ships that had been used for clandestine immigration before the establishment of Israel as a state were confiscated by the British mandate authorities and later joined the company's fleet. The company continued to purchase more ships, among them SS Negba, SS Artza and SS Galila.[5] During the 1948 war, the company was the sole maritime connection with the state of Israel, supplying food, freight and military equipment. In 1953, some of the money from the reparations agreement between Israel and West Germany was allocated to the purchase of new ships. The SS Bergensfjord, renamed Jerusalem, sailed the Israel-New York route,[6] Another ship purchased with reparations money was the SS Etzel.[7] The SS Dolphin IV, acquired in 1956, was renamed SS Zion. In 1950s and 1960s, ZIM concentrated on passenger ships, alongside a constant expansion of the cargo shipping business. Passenger liners were a common means of international transport before the emergence of cheap air transport, and pleasure cruises were also popular. ZIM sailed the Mediterranean Sea, as well as having regular routes to the United States. Some of its ships cruised to the Caribbean during the winter. 1964 saw the completion of the ocean liner SS Shalom, which turned out to be a failure, marking the end of the ZIM passenger shipping era.[8] ZIM was invited in 1957 by the Government of Ghana to assist the setting up and management of a national shipping line. Black Star Line was formed with a 40% participation by Zim and principally operated cargo services from West Africa.[5] A similar joint venture - Burma Five Star Line - was made with the Burmese Government in 1959.[5] During the 1960s, ZIM started to turn its focus to cargo ships, and obtained several special-purpose vessels, including refrigerated ships and oil tankers. ZIM transported crude oil from Iran to Israel and oil byproducts from Israel to Europe. In the 1970s, ZIM expanded into the container shipping business. ZIM ordered six such ships, and gradually made this its main line of business. In 1981, one of the company's ships, Mezada, was lost at sea. Despite a lull in maritime shipping at the beginning of the 1980s, the company built 15 more ships in Germany in the 1990s. At this time, the ownership of ZIM was divided between the Israeli government and Israel Corporation.[9] In 2014, unloading of a Zim ship at the Port of Oakland was delayed by anti-Israel protesters. Longshoremen declined to load the ship out of safety concerns, taking no position on the underlying dispute,[10] but unloaded the ship after their safety was assured.[11] Other protests in Los Angeles [12][13][14][15] and Tacoma, Washington[16] failed to stop the unloading of cargo from Zim ships. A second demonstration bypassed Oakland for Los Angeles when longshoremen, not participating in the protest, refused to unload the ship after being physically threatened and their vehicles blocked when they tried to report for work.[17] Protesters' claim they impacted Zim's shipping schedule was denied by the company, and the local Jewish Community Council denounced the "hateful" rhetoric of the demonstrators.[18] In mid to late 2015, plans to revive an initial public offering were implemented. The listing will likely take place on the New York Stock Exchange in 2016. Both Bank of America Merrill Lynch and Barclays will lead the IPO.[19] Privatization[edit] In 2004, the Israel Corporation (which is controlled by the Ofer Brothers Group) purchased 49% of Zim's shares held by the Israeli government, becoming the sole owner of the company.[9] The new official name after privatization became Zim Integrated Shipping Services. The purchase deal for about five hundred million New Israeli Shekels was severely criticized by the press[20] and the State Comptroller of Israel[21] as being undervalued and becoming just another flag of convenience company. In 2007, Zim sold its maritime logistics and forwarding services subsidiary NewLog to UTi Worldwide.[22] Planned stock offering[edit] ZIM Barcelona off California, 2008 In 2008, ZIM planned to launch an initial public offering and selling 25% of its shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, but due to the onset of the global economic crisis it was called off.[23] In 2009, ZIM required a cash injection of $450 million by the Ofer family and debt restructuring following the world's container shipping downturn.[24] In 2010, ZIM regained profitability and in early 2011 ZIM renewed its plans for a flotation on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, but again had to postpone it due to the economic downturn and the drop in container shipping rates.[25] In July 2014, by which time the company was almost wholly owned by Israel Corporation, ZIM was restructured with 68% of the group's shares owned by its creditors and bondholders, and 32% retained by Israel Corporation, and starting early 2015 by Kenon Holdings, a spin-off company of Israel Corporation.[26] Operational statistics[edit] [27] Annual turnover 2018: $3.2 billion TEU's Carried in 2018: 2,914,000 million Total TEU Capacity (owned and chartered vessels): 344,460 TEU's Containers: over 547,000 TEUs of various types About 70 vessels, 13 fully or partly owned Ports of Call: 180 throughout the world, with 10 strategically located hubs Services: Over 70 lines and services, mostly on a weekly, fixed-day basis, covering all major trade routes with regional connections Employees: ~4200 Regional Headquarters: Haifa (Israel), Norfolk, Virginia (USA), Hamburg (Germany), Hong Kong Agents: ZIM has more than 170 offices and representatives in over 100 countries throughout the world  **** SS Shalom was a combined ocean liner/cruise ship built in 1964 by Chantiers de l'Atlantique, St Nazaire, France, for ZIM Lines, Israel, for transatlantic service from Haifa to New York. In 1967, SS Shalom was sold to the German Atlantic Line, becoming their second SS Hanseatic. Subsequently she served as SS Doric for Home Lines, SS Royal Odyssey for Royal Cruise Line and SS Regent Sun for Regency Cruises. The ship was laid up in 1995 following the bankruptcy of Regency Cruises. Numerous attempts were made to bring her back to service, but none were successful. The ship sank outside Cape St. Francis, South Africa, on 26 July 2001, while en route to India to be scrapped.[1][2] On 26 November 1964, SS Shalom accidentally rammed the Norwegian tanker Stolt Dagali outside New York, resulting in the loss of nineteen Stolt Dagali crew members and damage to the stern of the tanker.[1][2] Contents 1 History 2 Service history 2.1 1964–1967: Zim Lines 2.2 1967–1973: German Atlantic Line 2.3 1973–1981: Home Lines 2.4 1981–1988: Royal Cruise Line 2.5 1988–1995: Regency Cruises 2.6 1995–2001: laid up 3 Design 3.1 Exterior design 3.2 Interior design 4 Gallery 5 References 6 External links History[edit] The government-controlled ZIM Lines had begun transatlantic operations from Haifa to New York in 1953 with SS Jerusalem. In 1959, they placed an order for a brand new ship for the transatlantic service with Chantiers de l'Atlantique, France.[2] Proposed names for the new ship included King David and King Solomon, but ZIM finally opted for Shalom (peace) as the name of their new flagship.[1] The project manager was Captain Rimon, and the technical superintendent was IDF Naval officer and architect Edmond Wilhelm Brillant. Controversy erupted in the wake of a decision to install two kitchens, kosher and non-kosher – to appeal to a wider clientele. Despite a government committee deciding in favor of only one kitchen, the government left the choice to Zim Lines, who, despite facing strong religious opposition, stood by their choice. The Union of Orthodox Rabbis, Rabbinical Council of America, Conservative Rabbinical Assembly and other groups and initiated grassroots campaigns to force the issue.[4][5] Shalom was floated out of drydock on 10 November 1962, with only one kitchen. After fitting out, she commenced on her sea trials on 24 January 1964. In February of the same year she was delivered to ZIM Lines, arriving in Haifa for the first time on 3 March 1964.[1][2] A year after entry into service, the rabbinate agreed to let nonkosher food be served aboard cruises not visiting Israeli ports.[4] After six months in service, Shalom was rebuilt at Wilton-Fijenoord, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, with additional first-class cabins. The ship was also rebuilt in 1973 before entering service for Home Lines, and in 1982 before entering service for Royal Cruise Line.[1][2] Service history[edit] 1964–1967: Zim Lines[edit] The brand-new Shalom begun her career with a series of short cruises out of Haifa, before embarking on her fully booked first crossing to New York on 17 April 1964.[2] However, by the time she entered service the transatlantic liner trade was already in decline, with more passenger crossing the Atlantic by air than by sea since 1959.[6] To make her better suited for cruise service, Shalom was rebuilt in the Netherlands in October 1964, increasing the number of first-class cabins.[2] Sometime after 2:00 on 26 November 1964, while 50 miles (80 km) outbound from New York with 616 passengers, bound for the Caribbean in thick fog, Shalom collided with the vegetable oil-carrying Norwegian tanker Stolt Dagali just outside Point Pleasant, New Jersey. Shalom's bow cut Stolt Dagali in half, killing nineteen of the tanker's forty-four crew. The tanker's bow section remained floating, but her aft section sank in 130 feet (39.62 m) of water within seconds. Shalom's chief radio officer issued an all-ships plea for help; the United States Coast Guard received the information at 2:25 am. Some 3½ hours later, the Coast Guard cutter Point Arden arrived at the scene, delayed for some time as the position provided had been 15 miles (24 km) off course.[7] Five of Stolt Dagali's seamen had been plucked from the sea by Shalom within 30 minutes of the collision and were treated in the ships hospital for shock. Point Arden picked up four crewmen, the rest being saved by helicopter.[7][8][9] Shalom's bow was badly damaged, with a 40-foot gash over the waterline. Leaking into her number one hold, but afloat, she was able to slowly return to New York under her own power. Later, she was repaired by Newport News and Shipbuilding in Norfolk, Virginia.[2] During the inquiry that followed, her second mate testified that the ship's radar scope had been cluttered by noise and that work was being done to adjust it before the accident occurred. It also transpired that her lookout had been given permission for a coffee break just before the event, and was returning to the bridge when the collision happened.[8][9][10] The inquiry concluded that both ships had been at fault, with a majority of the blame falling on Shalom for not posting proper lookout and admitting to a malfunctioning radar. A dive to the wreck of Stolt Dagali had shown her engine telegraph set to full speed, making her complicit in the accident.[9] In 1965, barely a year after Shalom had been delivered, ZIM Lines made the decision to abandon transatlantic service, and their ships were sold off over the next two years.[11] Shalom stayed in ZIM service until November 1967, when she was sold to German Atlantic Line.[1] Built at a time of general decline of transatlantic travel with the introduction of the jet, coupled with a restricted and expensive kitchen aimed at a niche clientele on mainline voyages and being reliant on government subsidies during a time of Israeli economic decline, ZIM no longer saw an economic case for her.[5] 1967–1973: German Atlantic Line[edit] The German Atlantic Line had been without a ship since the first TS Hanseatic had been destroyed by fire in New York in September 1966.[12] On 9 November 1967, Shalom was sold to the German Atlantic Line and renamed Hanseatic, becoming the second ship to bear that name. On 16 December 1967, the new Hanseatic set on a crossing from Cuxhaven, Germany, to New York, with only special invited guests on board. After that she was used for cruising around North America and Europe.[1][12] During 1968, she was also used on transatlantic service, but after that year, German Atlantic decided to abandon liner service and concentrate solely on cruising.[12] 1973–1981: Home Lines[edit] In 1973, Hanseatic was again sold as a replacement for a ship lost in a fire, this time for Home Lines' Homeric.[13] Home Lines and German Atlantic Line were both led by Vernicos Eugenides, which made the transfer of Hanseatic to the former's fleet a straightforward affair.[12] After being sold to Home Lines on 25 September 1973, Hanseatic was renamed Doric and subsequently rebuilt with a larger after superstructure. Home Lines used her for cruising from Port Everglades to the West Indies during the northern hemisphere winter season, and New York to Bermuda during the summer season.[1][2] In preparation for the delivery of the new Atlantic in 1982,[14] Home Lines sold Doric to Royal Cruise Line in 1981.[1][2] Costa Federico C & Home Lines SS Doric 1981–1988: Royal Cruise Line[edit] Under her new owners Doric was renamed Royal Odyssey. Before entering service for Royal Cruise Line, she received a four-month refit at the Greek shipyards of Perama and Neorion, where her funnel was rebuilt, her topmost deck expanded and a bulbous bow added below the waterline.[1][2] Royal Odyssey entered service for Royal Cruise Line on 25 May 1982,[1] and was used for cruises all around the world, including occasional cruises around the Pacific from Australia.[2][3][15] In June 1988, Royal Cruise Line took delivery of the new MS Crown Odyssey.[16] The company operated with a three-ship fleet until November of the same year, when Royal Odyssey was sold to Regency Cruises.[11] 1988–1995: Regency Cruises[edit] Royal Odyssey was renamed Regent Sun by Regency Cruises, and entered service for them on 9 December 1988. She continued sailing for Regency until 3 November 1995, when she was arrested at Jamaica, due to the poor financial situation of her owners. Subsequently, Regent Sun and all other Regency ships were laid up and put for sale.[1][2] 1995–2001: laid up[edit] Following the collapse of Regency Cruises, Regent Sun never returned to active service, despite the interest expressed by several companies in operating her. In October 1996, Royal Venture Cruises wished to charter her under the name Sun Venture for additional cruise service,[1][2][11] while in 1997, Premier Cruises expressed interest in purchasing the ship, but withdrew their offer due to her poor condition. In 1998, the ship was first sold to Tony Travel & Agency and renamed Sun, then sometime later to International Shipping Partners and renamed Sun 11, but despite these changes in ownership, she remained laid up in the Bahamas. In 2000, International Shipping Partners begun rebuilding Sun 11 into a hotel ship, with a planned new name as Canyon Ranch at Sea, but this plan too fell through, and in 2001 Sun 11 was sold to Indian shipbreakers. While en route to India under tow, Sun 11 started taking in water on 25 July 2001 while outside South African territorial waters. The South African authorities forbade the ship to enter South African waters, and on 26 July she sank off Cape St. Francis.[1] Design[edit] Exterior design[edit] Shalom was designed according to the principles of the era, with engines placed two-thirds aft and two slim funnels placed side-by side instead of the large traditional funnels. The funnel design in particular resembled SS Rotterdam of Holland America Line and SS Canberra of P&O, both of which were still under construction at the time Shalom was being designed. Her hull and superstructure design were optimized for transatlantic traffic, with the promenade decks entirely glass-enclosed.[2] In original livery Shalom was almost entirely white, with an all-white hull and superstructure and white funnels with only small black bands around them, with the ZIM Lines logo between them. Originally her name and homeport were written on her hull in both Latin and Hebrew alphabet. When she entered service for German Atlantic Line, the name Hanseatic was written with large letters on her bow, arguably unbalancing her profile. In Home Lines service she received yellow funnels and a yellow radar mast, with the name written in the bow in somewhat smaller typeface.[2] The 1982 refit radically altered the ship's profile, when the original slim funnels were replaced with a single large one, and the outer decks between the bridge and the funnel were built in. Additionally, a bulbous bow was added below the waterline, improving the ship's sea-keeping abilities. During the refit, the ship's livery was also altered, with the new funnel painted in blue and white, while a white decorative ribbon was added to her hull. The exact same livery was maintained as Regent Sun, with the Regency Cruises funnel symbol replacing that of Royal Cruise Line.[2] Interior design[edit] The public spaces on board Shalom were spread over two decks, originally named Rainbow and Olive Branch, which were the sixth- and seventh-highest passenger-accessible decks respectively. Facilities included a cinema, winter garden, tavern, shopping center, night club, and separate lounges for first- and tourist-class passengers. Shalom's award-winning interiors were mostly designed by Dora Gad in a bright, contemporary style.[2] *** SS Israel, Zion, Jerusalem (II), Theodor Herzl & Moledet   1… SS Israel & SS Zion   SS Zion  Previous ZIM ships consisted of older small ships (as described on page one of this feature), but now they had the opportunity to have two modern passenger-cargo liners built. SS Israel was the first ship to be completed for ZIM. She and her sister, SS Zion, were built in 1955 and 1956  respectively, by the Deutsche Werft in Hamburg, under the Reparation Payments Agreement. SS Israel was the first to reach Haifa in October 1955, followed a year later by the Zion. Each ship had four holds with a capacity of about 4000 weight tons including refrigerated space. In addition they had a drive in garage for up to 30 cars. They were built to operate the Trans-Atlantic service, sailing from Haifa, Piraeus, Naples, Gibraltar, Funchal to New York. The primary purpose was to bring Jews back to their ancient homeland. SS Israel Both had attractive Israeli style décor throughout, especially their lounges and other public rooms. All cabins converted into day sitting rooms, which was a popular feature and appreciate by their passengers. Although they accommodated 323 passengers, there were only 24 passengers in First Class. First Class cabins were located on Boat Deck, comprising of both two berth, some having upper Pullmans. First Class lounges were located forward on Promenade deck, which were followed by Tourist class cabins Amidships with a Verandah café aft. Further Tourist Class cabins were located on Main Deck, the Synagogue was located amidships, with the Tourist Class Smoking Room and Pool aft. The dinning rooms were located on A Deck, as were the balance of the Tourist Class cabins, most with private facilities. SS Israel & the SS Theodor Herzl is seen behind her Specifications: Built:                                   Deutsche Werft in Hamburg Tonnage:                              9,855 GRT Length:                                501ft – 152m Width:                                  65ft Draft:                                   27.7ft Engines:                               Steam DR Geared Turbines Screw:                                 Single Service speed”                       17.5 knots Passengers:                          323 (First and Tourist Class)                                            Fully Air-conditioned                                            Stabilized Captain Eliezer L. Aczel. 1911 - 2004. I received an email recently from a Mr. Amir D. Aczel who provided me with some information regarding his late Father who was a well-known ZIM Lines Captain. I felt that his story was worthwhile including on these pages and thus his details are below. These have been sourced in part from his email and from what I have gained from Mr. Aczel’s personal webpage and I have combined as much of the story as possible. “My Father was Captain Eliezer Ladislas Aczel and he was a captain throughout ZIM’s entire period of operation serving on their passenger fleet. He served as the first captain on the company’s first official passenger ship that commenced in service with ZIM in July 1947, being the 2,499 GRT, SS Kedmah and later he served on both the 9,855 GRT SS Israel built in 1955, as well as the 1957 built 9,914 GRT SS Theodor Herzl. He was also the captain of the delightful 7,811 GRT, 1961 built, MS Moledet for some time. Captain Aczel and famous French-Italian songstress ‘Dalida’ on board his ship Photograph provided by Amir D. Aczel During WW 2, Captain Aczel had done many heroic acts whilst he had been working with the Allies, for which he had won a good number of medals! But one of the worst things he had to do was he once successfully delivered a baby on board his ship, something he said he would never wish to do again! During his lifetime my Father was known simply as ‘Captain Aczel’ and his ships ploughed throughout the Mediterranean during the 1950s and 1960s many of these were by then mostly popular cruises, departing Haifa and sailing to Piraeus, Naples, Marseille and Barcelona. On some years Venice would be included in the itinerary. Then at other times the ships would sail to Rhodes, Monte Carlo as well as the Balearic Islands and other jewels around the Mediterranean!” Thus it seems to be quite clear that there is no doubt that Captain Eliezer L. Aczel must have made Israeli maritime history in a good many ways, as well during the war years, but he loved being a Captain during peacetime and commanding a good number of fine ZIM Lines passenger ships! Reuben Goossens. ***************************   2… SS Jerusalem (II) & SS Theodor Herzl    SS Theodor Herzl   Launch of the SS Theodor Herzl in Hamburg - 1957 ZIM took delivery of SS Jerusalem (II) and her sister SS Theodor Herzl in 1957. SS Jerusalem (II) was named after her popular  forerunner, SS Jerusalem (I) which sailed with the company from 1952 to 1955, when she was renamed Aliya, but continued sailing with ZIM until 1959. SS Theodor Herzl was named in honour of the visionary of the Jewish State.   This is a brochure released by Zim before the Theodor Herzl was even launched and images were colourful artist impressions From the authors private collection     ZIM Lines postcard of the SS Jerusalem SS Jerusalem & SS Theodor Herzl were designed for the Mediterranean service, but they differed from their earlier sisters in having a shallower draught and twin screws. Again Décor was essentially Israeli in style. Special features included a Cinema, Art Gallery, one of the first on a liner, and a Synagogue. Main social rooms were located on Boat deck with the Pool aft. The Dinning Rooms were located on A Deck (two decks down). Main and A Deck contained mostly cabins, both First and Tourist Class. In 1964 both ships were converted into one class cruise ships, which saw all cabins converted to two bedded/two berth cabins, all having private facilities. They were fully air-conditioned and stabilized. Both these ships were built to remain in the Mediterranean and European waters. SS Jerusalem operated the Haifa, Genoa, Marseilles, Naples, Haifa service, with occasional calls at Limassol. SS Theodore Herzl sailed from Haifa to Limassol, Piraeus, Venice, and back to Haifa. From 1965 both ships were used exclusively for cruise duties. Specifications Built:                                   Deutsche Werft in Hamburg Tonnage:                              9,920 – 9,914 GRT Length:                                488ft Width:                                  65ft Draft:                                   21ft Engines:                               Steam DR Geared Turbines Screws:                                Twin Service speed”                       18.5 knots Passengers:                          570 (First and Tourist Class)                                            Fully Air-conditioned                                            Stabilized   Relaxing by the Pool     Above & below: The décor on SS Jerusalem and Theodor Herzl had that typical modern Israeli theme       *************************** SS Jerusalem In 1966 SS Jerusalem (II) was chartered to P&O Steamship Florida, who and renamed her SS Miami and they operated regular Caribbean cruises. Then late in 1968 ZIM Lines decided to place her on the market and she was soon obtained by the Eastern Steamship Lines who needed to replaced their original elderly Bahama Star and they extensively rebuilt her superstructure and upgraded her accommodations and facilities to become their new cruise ship, renaming her after her forerunner, the SS New Bahama Star. The just completed SS New Bahama Star is seen here under her new livery early in 1969   The SS New Bahama Star is seen in 1971 featuring the company’s new funnel livery As can be seen from the two photographs above and below, in her funnel livery which was updated in 1971, and in 1972 her name was shortened to SS Bahama Star. She remained a popular ship she continued to cruise the Bahamas, but the time came that the company had larger ships that were more luxurious and they were obviously gaining popularity compared to the smaller Bahama Star which in her latter yeas was suffering from mechanical problems. Postcard of the Eastern Steamship Lines 1972 - SS Bahama Star   Above - Brochure: The Eastern Steamship Company produced this foldout brochure valid from December 1974 and amazingly it was released just months before she was sold and laid-up by her new owners. This brochure featured interior photographs revealing her fine walnut panelled lounges that were adorned with gold curtains, and her cabins with those “eye-popping” red colour schemes that were so popular in the late 1960s. It also contained colour-coded deck plans, rates, and itineraries. The ship was described as being “popular informal” what was certainly not mentioned was that the ship had been suffering various mechanical problems in the past twelve months. Thus after just six years of service Eastern, they sold the delightful SS Bahama Star in 1975 to Venozolana de Cruceros del Caribe who renamed her SS Bonaire Star and she was laid up. This company also had obtained the SS Santa Rosa and renamed her Samos Sky, but neither of these ships ever sailed for them as apparently there was a long legal dispute. The Bonaire Star remained laid up until 1979, when she was finally sold, but sadly to Taiwanese breakers. She duly departed for Kaohsiung, but, whist under tow to the breakers yards in Taiwan on October 3, 1979 she took on water and sadly foundered. Her location was - 18.30N / 154.17W. *************************** SS Theodor Herzl    SS Theodor Herzl SS Theodor Herzl completed her final voyage for ZIM on November, 27, 1969 and was sold to American International Service Travel Board (New Horizons Shipping Co) Monrovia renamed Carnivale. Ted Arison of Carnival was involved in this venture and it was planned for this vessel renamed SS Carnival to operate from Miami to the Caribbean, but she remained laid up and the venture never materialized. Mr. Arison of course went on to acquire the Empress of Canada and commenced his Carnival cruise empire after all! SS Carnival seen laid up Photographer unknown – See the photo credits at the bottom of the page for details Then in 1971 the vessel was sold to Eastern Steamship Co who renamed her Freeport I. Finally in 1975 she was extensively rebuilt into a fulltime cruise ship, however, but in 1976 she was renamed to become the Veracruz. In 1978 Veracruz was sold to Freeport Cruises Lines of Panama and was reregistered at 10,596 GRT. The very modern looking SS Veracruz Photograph by Philip Mayer Then in 1985 she was sold to Bahama Cruises Inc., of Panama, and in 1987 she was sold to Bermuda Star Line Cruises of Panama and again reregistered at 6,193 GRT. Finally in 1990 she was sold to Festival Shipping & Tourist Enterprises who renamed her Sun Ambassador. However, in 1991 whilst being refitted at Piraeus sadly she caught fire and she sunk. Andrew del Valle who emailed the author recently stated … “She was cut up underwater and brought up in 7 pieces. I know this because my father was the president of this company and she was basically my childhood home.” Thank you Andrew for all your information, being the reason for my update of this feature! Postcard of the SS Veracruz having had a dramatic rebuild!   ***************************   3… MS Moledet    MS Moledet The one class liner MS Moledet was launched on February 19, 1961 and was completed later that year. She was designed for the growing demand of tourist travel at that time. Accommodations were arranged over six decks. The higher graded cabins with private facilities were located on Promenade Deck, the remainder being spread on Lido, Main, Restaurant, Theatre and A Decks. Except for the upper graded accommodations, most cabins were four berth, with a small number of two berth inside cabins. In addition there were several six berth economy cabins. She was a much loved Israeli ship Two large public rooms were located aft one on Promenade Deck and he other on Lido deck, overlooking the Pool. The large Dinning Room was located amidships on Restaurant Deck, with the Cinema and Synagogue located forward on Theatre Deck. Her large garage was accessed via number 1 hatch forward. Moledet operated 4½ day one way voyages, from Haifa to Limassol, Naples (or Genoa) to Marseilles. She would then return via the same ports. In addition she operated regular cruises. Another shot of the delightful motor ship Moledet In spite of frequent engine troubles, the vessel enjoyed a great deal of popularity amongst her passengers. ZIM Lines took her out of service in 1969. Specifications Built:                                   A&C de Bretagne Nantes France Tonnage:                              7,811 GRT Length:                                415ft Width:                                  65ft Draft:                                   19.8ft Engines:                               2 S.E.M.T.-Pielstick Diesels Screws:                                One Service speed”                       16 knots Passengers:                          590 (First and Tourist Class)                                            Fully Air-conditioned                                            Stabilized   Original Postcard of the Moledet Provided by - www.simplonpc.co.uk   With the disposition of ZIM's last passenger vessel, the Moledet, the passenger branch of the company was placed into liquidation, but ZIM's passenger ships are still fondly remembered by many. ZIM ships were sold to various companies, with several becoming well known cruise ships, such as the Moledet and Zion as shown below.   ***************************  MS Moledet - Jupiter Moledet was sold in 1970 having made 225 voyages, to the Greek Epirotiki Line (later to become Royal Olympia Cruises). Renamed Jupiter she became a popular cruise ship and had a large following. She received only a minor exterior alteration with her Main Deck extended forward. Moledet seen as the Epirotiki’s MS Jupiter   *************************** SS Zion – Dolphin IV SS Amélia de Mello SS Zion was which later served as the Portuguese Amélia de Mello. She was then sold in 1966 to the Ulysses Line who renamed her SS Ithaca. In 1979 she was transferred to the Caribbean renamed again to become the popular Dolphin IV, operating 3- and 4-day cruises to the Bahamas from Miami. Initially she ran under joint management with Paquet. In 1984, she was taken over by a new company Dolphin Cruise Line and continued a successful cruise career. As the photograph shows, she obviously received major reconstruction in her latter years.  After her rebuild the ex SS Zion became an attractive cruise ship named Dolphin IV     Dolphin IV seen her last livery with distinctive striping   ************************  ZIM Lines INDEX Introduction:     ZIM Lines early history & their early smaller passenger ships, such as …                                     SS Kedmah, SS Negbah, SS Galilah & SS Artsa. Page One:          SS Jerusalem I, ZIM’s very first Trans Atlantic passenger liner. Page Two:         SS Israel, SS Zion, SS Jerusalem (II), SS Theodor Herzl & MS Moledet – This Page Page Three:       SS Shalom, Hanseatic, Doric, Royal Odyssey, Regal Sun, Sun – Israel’s Grandest Liner! Page Four:         SS Shalom, Mr. Edmond Wilhelm Brillant the ships naval architect and new photo’s. Page Five:          SS Shalom, Deck Plan from the official archives of Estate of Edmond Wilhelm Brillant, Naval Architect. ***       ebay5289