The Civilian Service Medal 1939-1945 recognises the service of Australian civilians who worked in organisations such as the Australian Women's Land Army (AWLA), the Civil Constructional Corps (CCC) and the Red Cross Emergency Service Companies during World War II.

The medal was introduced on the recommendation of the Committee of Inquiry into Defence and Defence-related Awards.

The Civilian Service Medal 1939-1945 was established on 28 October 1994 by Letters Patent.