This
circuit is commonly called a Flashing LED or Blinking LED and has the
technical name FLIP FLOP or ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR. It uses two
transistors to alternately flash two LEDs and will operate from 3v to
9v.
1. Suite Features
Suite Name: Flashing / Blinking Light
Suite Type: YSG-1
Operating Voltage: 3~9V
Dimensions: 30*28mm
2.Operation Principle
There
will be a slight difference between the gain (the ability to amplify)
of the two transistors, Q1 and Q2 and one of them will turn on faster to
start the circuit flashing. If Q1 turns on first, the voltage on the
collector will be very near to 0v and D1 will illuminate. At the same
time the positive lead of C1 will be at about 0v and the negative lead
will also be about 0v. This will put 0v on the base of Q2 and Q2 will be
turned off. This means LED D2 will not be illuminated.
C1 will gradually charge (in the opposite direction to its
polarity) via 10k resistor R2 and when the base of Q2 see a voltage of
about 0.65v, it will start to turn ON.
This
will reduce the voltage on the collector of Q2 and make the positive
lead of C2 drop. This will cause the negative lead of C2 to drop also
and reduce the voltage on the base of Q1. This will start to turn off Q1
and the voltage on the collector will rise.
This will further increase the voltage on the base of Q2 and it
will turn on more. This action is called REGENERATIVE ACTION as one
transistor will turn off and cause the other to turn on. This occurs
very quickly and the two transistors swap states. This means the second
LED illuminates and the first LED is not illuminated. The flashing
frequency depends on the value of C1, C2, R2 and R3.
3.Circuit Diagram
4.List of Components
Item Name
|
Specifications
|
Code
|
Qty
|
Resistor
|
470R
|
R1 R4
|
2
|
|
10K
|
R2 R3
|
2
|
Capacitance
|
47uF/16V
|
C1 C2
|
2
|
LED
|
Ф5 Transparent Red
|
D1 D2
|
2
|
Transistor
|
9014
|
Q1 Q2
|
2
|
Cable Terminal
|
2P
|
J1
|
1
|
PCB
|
FR-4 28*30mm
|
1
|
1
|