Ideal for bouquets and arrangements, rudbeckia flowers stay fresh and colourful up to 21 days after being cut. The dried coneheads add interesting shape and texture to everlasting arrangements and crafts.

Sowing:

Sow late winter to late spring - February to July or in late summer to autumn - August to October

Seeds are best sown indoors in pots or trays containing a good seed compost. ‘Just cover’ the seed with vermiculite or sieved compost and place in a propagator or warm place maintaining an optimum temperature of 18-20°C (65-70°F) Keep the compost moist but not wet at all times. Germination should occur between 10 to15 days.

If there is no germination in 3 to 4 weeks remove to a cold area for 4 weeks, -4 to 4°C (24 to 39°F) then place back in the warmth, this should trigger germination.Thin to 7.5cm (3in) pots when seedlings have developed 2 proper leaves and are large enough to handle. Remember to handle the seedling by the leaves only, supporting the weight of the seedling under the roots as you transplant.

Harden off by gradually acclimating to outdoor conditions for 10 to15 days before planting out into their permanent positions in spring. Plants transplant well and should be spaced 30 to 45cm (12-15in) apart

Cultivation:

To extend flowering and prevent self-sowing, deadhead the spent flowers, this also makes for a tidier-looking plant. However, there are advantages if the old flowers are left alone, the cones have ornamental appeal after the petals have dropped, birds enjoy the seeds in the winter; and you will enjoy the benefits of seedlings next spring.Divide plants from in September to March.