Poland - Danzig under Sigismund III - King: 18 September 1587 - 19 April 1632 Rare and interesting as pictured. 20mm. 2.13gm.
Authenticity guaranteed.
Coin is in good condition and very rare and nice inclusion to the finest collection.
Sigismund III Vasa (Polish: Zygmunt III Waza, Swedish: Sigismund, Lithuanian: Žygimantas Vaza; 20 June 1566 - 30 April 1632 N.S.), also known as Sigismund III of Poland,
was King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania and monarch of the united
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1587 to 1632 as well as King of
Sweden and Grand Duke of Finland from 1592 until his deposition in 1599.
Sigismund was the son of John III of Sweden and his first wife,
Catherine Jagiellon of Poland. Elected to the throne of the
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, he sought to create a personal union
between the Commonwealth and Sweden (Polish-Swedish union), and
succeeded for a time in 1592. After he had been deposed in 1599 from the
Swedish throne by his Protestant uncle, Charles IX of Sweden, and a
meeting of the Riksens ständer, he spent much of the rest of his life
attempting to reclaim it. A pious yet erratic ruler, Sigismund
attempted to hold absolute power in all his dominions. Shortly after his
victory over internal opposition, Sigismund took advantage of a period
of civil unrest in Muscovy, known as the Time of Troubles, and invaded
Russia, holding Moscow for two years (1610-12) and Smolensk thereafter.
In 1617 the Polish-Swedish conflict, which had been interrupted by an
armistice in 1611, broke out again. While Sigismund's army was also
fighting Ottoman forces in Moldavia (1617-21), King Gustavus II Adolphus
of Sweden invaded Sigismund's lands, capturing Riga in 1621 and seizing
almost all of Polish Livonia. Sigismund, who concluded the Truce of
Altmark with Sweden in 1629, never regained the Swedish crown. His
Swedish wars resulted, moreover, in Poland's loss of northern Livonian
territories and in a diminution of the kingdom's international prestige.
Sigismund remains a highly controversial figure in Poland. One
of the country's most recognizable monarchs, he transferred the capital
from Kraków to Warsaw in 1596 and his long reign coincided with the apex
of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth's prestige, power and economic
influence. On the other hand, it was during his reign that the symptoms
of decline leading to the Commonwealth's eventual demise surfaced.
Popular histories, such as the books of Paweł Jasienica, tend to present
Sigismund as the principal source of these destructive processes;
whereas academic histories are usually not as damning of him. However,
the question of whether the Commonwealth's decline was caused by
Sigismund's decisions or had its roots in historical processes beyond
his personal control remains highly debatable. He was
commemorated in Warsaw with Sigismund's Column, one of the city's
landmarks and the first secular monument in the form of a column in
modern history. It was commissioned after Sigismund's death by his son
and successor, Władysław IV.
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland,
is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the
Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the
east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and
Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square
kilometres (120,726 sq mi), making it the 69th largest country in the
world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over
38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the
world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most
populous member of the European Union, as well as the most populous
post-communist member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state
divided into 16 administrative subdivisions. The
establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966, when Mieszko
I, ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day
Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in
1025, and in 1569 it cemented a longstanding political association with
the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union
formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest and most
populous countries of 16th and 17th-century Europe. The Commonwealth
ceased to exist in the years 1772-1795, when its territory was
partitioned among Prussia, the Russian Empire, and Austria. Poland
regained its independence (as the Second Polish Republic) at the end of
World War I, in 1918. In
September 1939, World War II started with the invasions of Poland by
Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union (as part of the Molotov-Ribbentrop
Pact). More than six million Polish citizens died in the war. In 1944, a
Soviet-backed Polish Committee of National Liberation was formed which,
after a falsified referendum in 1947 took control of the country and
Poland became a satellite state of the Soviet Union, as People's
Republic of Poland. During the Revolutions of 1989 Poland's Communist
government was overthrown and Poland adopted a new constitution
establishing itself as a democracy. Despite the large number of
casualties and destruction the country experienced during World War II,
Poland managed to preserve much of its cultural wealth. There are 14
heritage sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage and 54 Historical
Monuments and many objects of cultural heritage in Poland. Since
the beginning of the transition to a primarily market-based economy that
took place in the early 1990s, Poland has achieved a "very high"
ranking on the Human Development Index, as well as gradually improving
economic freedom. Poland is a democratic country with an advanced
high-income economy, a high quality of life and a very high standard of
living. Moreover, the country is visited by nearly 16 million tourists
every year (2013), which makes it one of the most visited countries in
the world. Poland is the sixth largest economy in the European Union and
among the fastest rising economic states in the world. The country is
the sole member nation of the European Union to have escaped a decline
in GDP and in recent years was able to "create probably the most varied
GDP growth in its history" according to OANDA, a Canadian-based foreign
exchange company. Furthermore, according to the Global Peace Index for
2014, Poland is one of the safest countries in the world to live in. Bidding is for the coin photographed above
Sigismund III Vasa (Polish: Zygmunt III Waza, Swedish: Sigismund, Lithuanian: Žygimantas Vaza; 20 June 1566 - 30 April 1632 N.S.), also known as Sigismund III of Poland,
was King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania and monarch of the united
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1587 to 1632 as well as King of
Sweden and Grand Duke of Finland from 1592 until his deposition in 1599.
Sigismund was the son of John III of Sweden and his first wife,
Catherine Jagiellon of Poland. Elected to the throne of the
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, he sought to create a personal union
between the Commonwealth and Sweden (Polish-Swedish union), and
succeeded for a time in 1592. After he had been deposed in 1599 from the
Swedish throne by his Protestant uncle, Charles IX of Sweden, and a
meeting of the Riksens ständer, he spent much of the rest of his life
attempting to reclaim it. A pious yet erratic ruler, Sigismund
attempted to hold absolute power in all his dominions. Shortly after his
victory over internal opposition, Sigismund took advantage of a period
of civil unrest in Muscovy, known as the Time of Troubles, and invaded
Russia, holding Moscow for two years (1610-12) and Smolensk thereafter.
In 1617 the Polish-Swedish conflict, which had been interrupted by an
armistice in 1611, broke out again. While Sigismund's army was also
fighting Ottoman forces in Moldavia (1617-21), King Gustavus II Adolphus
of Sweden invaded Sigismund's lands, capturing Riga in 1621 and seizing
almost all of Polish Livonia. Sigismund, who concluded the Truce of
Altmark with Sweden in 1629, never regained the Swedish crown. His
Swedish wars resulted, moreover, in Poland's loss of northern Livonian
territories and in a diminution of the kingdom's international prestige.
Sigismund remains a highly controversial figure in Poland. One
of the country's most recognizable monarchs, he transferred the capital
from Kraków to Warsaw in 1596 and his long reign coincided with the apex
of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth's prestige, power and economic
influence. On the other hand, it was during his reign that the symptoms
of decline leading to the Commonwealth's eventual demise surfaced.
Popular histories, such as the books of Paweł Jasienica, tend to present
Sigismund as the principal source of these destructive processes;
whereas academic histories are usually not as damning of him. However,
the question of whether the Commonwealth's decline was caused by
Sigismund's decisions or had its roots in historical processes beyond
his personal control remains highly debatable. He was
commemorated in Warsaw with Sigismund's Column, one of the city's
landmarks and the first secular monument in the form of a column in
modern history. It was commissioned after Sigismund's death by his son
and successor, Władysław IV.
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland,
is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the
Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the
east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and
Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square
kilometres (120,726 sq mi), making it the 69th largest country in the
world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over
38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the
world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most
populous member of the European Union, as well as the most populous
post-communist member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state
divided into 16 administrative subdivisions. The
establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966, when Mieszko
I, ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day
Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in
1025, and in 1569 it cemented a longstanding political association with
the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union
formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest and most
populous countries of 16th and 17th-century Europe. The Commonwealth
ceased to exist in the years 1772-1795, when its territory was
partitioned among Prussia, the Russian Empire, and Austria. Poland
regained its independence (as the Second Polish Republic) at the end of
World War I, in 1918. In
September 1939, World War II started with the invasions of Poland by
Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union (as part of the Molotov-Ribbentrop
Pact). More than six million Polish citizens died in the war. In 1944, a
Soviet-backed Polish Committee of National Liberation was formed which,
after a falsified referendum in 1947 took control of the country and
Poland became a satellite state of the Soviet Union, as People's
Republic of Poland. During the Revolutions of 1989 Poland's Communist
government was overthrown and Poland adopted a new constitution
establishing itself as a democracy. Despite the large number of
casualties and destruction the country experienced during World War II,
Poland managed to preserve much of its cultural wealth. There are 14
heritage sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage and 54 Historical
Monuments and many objects of cultural heritage in Poland. Since
the beginning of the transition to a primarily market-based economy that
took place in the early 1990s, Poland has achieved a "very high"
ranking on the Human Development Index, as well as gradually improving
economic freedom. Poland is a democratic country with an advanced
high-income economy, a high quality of life and a very high standard of
living. Moreover, the country is visited by nearly 16 million tourists
every year (2013), which makes it one of the most visited countries in
the world. Poland is the sixth largest economy in the European Union and
among the fastest rising economic states in the world. The country is
the sole member nation of the European Union to have escaped a decline
in GDP and in recent years was able to "create probably the most varied
GDP growth in its history" according to OANDA, a Canadian-based foreign
exchange company. Furthermore, according to the Global Peace Index for
2014, Poland is one of the safest countries in the world to live in.
Sigismund III Vasa (Polish: Zygmunt III Waza, Swedish: Sigismund, Lithuanian: Žygimantas Vaza; 20 June 1566 - 30 April 1632 N.S.), also known as Sigismund III of Poland,
was King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania and monarch of the united
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1587 to 1632 as well as King of
Sweden and Grand Duke of Finland from 1592 until his deposition in 1599.
Sigismund was the son of John III of Sweden and his first wife,
Catherine Jagiellon of Poland. Elected to the throne of the
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, he sought to create a personal union
between the Commonwealth and Sweden (Polish-Swedish union), and
succeeded for a time in 1592. After he had been deposed in 1599 from the
Swedish throne by his Protestant uncle, Charles IX of Sweden, and a
meeting of the Riksens ständer, he spent much of the rest of his life
attempting to reclaim it. A pious yet erratic ruler, Sigismund
attempted to hold absolute power in all his dominions. Shortly after his
victory over internal opposition, Sigismund took advantage of a period
of civil unrest in Muscovy, known as the Time of Troubles, and invaded
Russia, holding Moscow for two years (1610-12) and Smolensk thereafter.
In 1617 the Polish-Swedish conflict, which had been interrupted by an
armistice in 1611, broke out again. While Sigismund's army was also
fighting Ottoman forces in Moldavia (1617-21), King Gustavus II Adolphus
of Sweden invaded Sigismund's lands, capturing Riga in 1621 and seizing
almost all of Polish Livonia. Sigismund, who concluded the Truce of
Altmark with Sweden in 1629, never regained the Swedish crown. His
Swedish wars resulted, moreover, in Poland's loss of northern Livonian
territories and in a diminution of the kingdom's international prestige.
Sigismund remains a highly controversial figure in Poland. One
of the country's most recognizable monarchs, he transferred the capital
from Kraków to Warsaw in 1596 and his long reign coincided with the apex
of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth's prestige, power and economic
influence. On the other hand, it was during his reign that the symptoms
of decline leading to the Commonwealth's eventual demise surfaced.
Popular histories, such as the books of Paweł Jasienica, tend to present
Sigismund as the principal source of these destructive processes;
whereas academic histories are usually not as damning of him. However,
the question of whether the Commonwealth's decline was caused by
Sigismund's decisions or had its roots in historical processes beyond
his personal control remains highly debatable. He was
commemorated in Warsaw with Sigismund's Column, one of the city's
landmarks and the first secular monument in the form of a column in
modern history. It was commissioned after Sigismund's death by his son
and successor, Władysław IV.
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland,
is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the
Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the
east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and
Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square
kilometres (120,726 sq mi), making it the 69th largest country in the
world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over
38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the
world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most
populous member of the European Union, as well as the most populous
post-communist member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state
divided into 16 administrative subdivisions. The
establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966, when Mieszko
I, ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day
Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in
1025, and in 1569 it cemented a longstanding political association with
the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union
formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest and most
populous countries of 16th and 17th-century Europe. The Commonwealth
ceased to exist in the years 1772-1795, when its territory was
partitioned among Prussia, the Russian Empire, and Austria. Poland
regained its independence (as the Second Polish Republic) at the end of
World War I, in 1918. In
September 1939, World War II started with the invasions of Poland by
Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union (as part of the Molotov-Ribbentrop
Pact). More than six million Polish citizens died in the war. In 1944, a
Soviet-backed Polish Committee of National Liberation was formed which,
after a falsified referendum in 1947 took control of the country and
Poland became a satellite state of the Soviet Union, as People's
Republic of Poland. During the Revolutions of 1989 Poland's Communist
government was overthrown and Poland adopted a new constitution
establishing itself as a democracy. Despite the large number of
casualties and destruction the country experienced during World War II,
Poland managed to preserve much of its cultural wealth. There are 14
heritage sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage and 54 Historical
Monuments and many objects of cultural heritage in Poland. Since
the beginning of the transition to a primarily market-based economy that
took place in the early 1990s, Poland has achieved a "very high"
ranking on the Human Development Index, as well as gradually improving
economic freedom. Poland is a democratic country with an advanced
high-income economy, a high quality of life and a very high standard of
living. Moreover, the country is visited by nearly 16 million tourists
every year (2013), which makes it one of the most visited countries in
the world. Poland is the sixth largest economy in the European Union and
among the fastest rising economic states in the world. The country is
the sole member nation of the European Union to have escaped a decline
in GDP and in recent years was able to "create probably the most varied
GDP growth in its history" according to OANDA, a Canadian-based foreign
exchange company. Furthermore, according to the Global Peace Index for
2014, Poland is one of the safest countries in the world to live in.
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