Advanced Trace & Minor Element Supplement for all Marine Fish & Reef Aquaria.Overview:
- Unique complex that replaces trace and minor elements used by
fishes, corals, and other invertebrates, and which are lost through
chemical filtration (protein skimming and use of filtration media such
as resins and activated carbon).
- Provides 29 minor and trace minerals, all present in natural seawater ratios.
- Does not contain minor or trace elements not expressly known to be
utilized by marine organisms or take place in chemical interactions.
- Composed of purified water and ultra-high purity materials.
- Formulated by a marine scientist.
Technical Background:Replenish
provides only those minor and trace elements found by oceanographers to
exhibit non-conservative behavior in seawater (meaning that they are
depleted by biological and chemical reactions taking place within the
photic zone) and that are safe for human handling. Elements are present
in natural seawater ratios (i.e. the ratios in which they are present in
seawater). Since they are not depleted by biological nor chemical
interactions, no minor or trace elements that are not expressly needed
by aquatic organisms are present in this product; this includes
unnecessary elements such as lithium, rubidium, and molybdenum.
Of
the detectable elements in seawater, 11 are minor elements and 52 are
trace elements. Between the two groups, at least 13 elements appear to
be expressly-required for the growth of primary producers such as algae,
and an additional 18 are either incorporated into living
tissue/skeletal material or undergo chemical interactions that cause
their depletion in surface waters. These elements are important to a
number of enzymatic and vitamin-synthesis reactions for plants and
animals alike; additionally, they influence pigmentation, and therefore
coloration, of various organisms. Iron is utilized in the production of
chloroplasts; it is very important to photosynthetic organisms such as
phytoplankton, micro- and macroalgae, coralline algae, and
zooxanthellae. Although iodine is a minor element, it is taken up by
algae and aquatic plants more rapidly than other minor elements, and is
not included in this product, but rather in separate supplements.
All
Brightwell Aquatics liquid water care supplements are made with
purified water and high purity materials. We develop formulae for
aquaria based on empirical data, using observation and measurement
rather than theory.
Instructions and Guidelines:Basic:
Shake product well before using. Add ½ ml (~10 drops) of product per 25
US-gallons of aquarium water every other day. When used in this
fashion, 250 ml treats up to 2,500 US-gallons (9,464 L).
Advanced:
With the exceptions of iodine and iron, there are no hobbyist-grade
test kits that provide reliable measurements of the concentrations of
many minor and trace elements present in marine aquaria. It's therefore
not possible to chemically determine exactly how much of a trace and
minor element supplement to dose; rather, you must rely on the
appearance of the livestock to make that determination. We encourage new
users of this product to dose 1 ml per 10 US-gallons weekly for the
first four weeks of use; this corresponds to dosing 0.14 ml (~3 drops)
per 10 US-gallons each day. Then, gradually increase the weekly dosage
to 2 ml per 10 US-gallons over the following four weeks and maintain
this dosage. Starting at a low dosage will not cause any harm to the
livestock, and will enable you to notice subtle changes in the
appearance of the system that indicate the effectiveness and need for
the product. Daily dosing maintains more stable concentrations (and a
more natural environment) than dosing weekly, in which the concentration
of elements spikes just after dosing and then gradually decreases
throughout the course of the week. Though trace elements are essential
in reef and fish-only aquaria, the gross overdosing of a trace element
supplement can be harmful to aquarium inhabitants. Minor and trace
elements are made unavailable in marine aquaria largely by adsorption to
particulate organic matter (POM); therefore, it is recommended that
protein skimming and other means of POM removal from the aquarium be in
operation at all times.
Guaranteed Analysis: Zinc (min) 0.061 mg/oz.; Iron (min) 0.0063 mg/oz.; Manganese (min) 0.00344 mg/oz.; Cobalt (min) 0.000344 mg/oz.
Ingredients:
Purified water, Barium chloride, Sodium metavanadate, Zinc sulfate,
Nickel chloride, Chromium chloride, Sodium feredetate, Manganese
chloride, Hafnium chloride, Cobalt chloride, Lanthanum chloride,
Neodymium chloride, Cerium chloride, Silver chloride, Dysprosium
chloride, Gadolinium chloride, Ytterbium chloride, Erbium chloride,
Scandium chloride, Samarium chloride, Praseodymium chloride, Holmium
chloride, Lutetium chloride, Terbium chloride, Europium chloride,
Thulium chloride.
Size: 2 Liters