You are bidding on one Handwritten, signed postcard of the national liberal politician Oskar von Stobäus (1830-1914), from 1868 to 1903 Mayor of Regensburg.
Dated Regensburg, 18. September 1885.
Aimed at Ms Spaeth, Manager of the Hotel zum Bayerischer Hof in Lindau, which was built in 1854 by Georg Wilhelm Spaeth, who also ran it. The Hotel Bayerischer Hof in Lindau still exists today.
Transcription: "The undersigned intends to arrive in Lindau tomorrow evening and requests your kind hospitality for a few days. Yours sincerely, Stobaeus, Mayor."
5 pfennig postal stationery (9.1 x 14 cm) from the Kingdom of Bavaria.
Condition:Card browned, with corner creases and perforations. bplease note the pictures too!
Internal note: FM 220529, in CdVs KST red imitation leather album
About Oskar von Stobäus and the Hotel Bayerischer Hof in Lindau (source: wikipedia):
Oskar Ritter von Stobäus (also Oscar von Stobäus; * 23. December 1830 in Nördlingen; † 22. May 1914 in Munich) was a German local official and national liberal politician in the Kingdom of Bavaria. He was mayor of Lindau (1861–1868) and Regensburg (1868–1903).
Life: Stobäus was the son of a district judge. From 1844 to 1849 he attended the Christian-Ernestinum high school in Bayreuth. From 1849 he studied law at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, the University of Jena and the University of Leipzig. Since 1850 he was a member of the Corps Franconia Munich. After his exams, he was a legal intern at the Weiden regional court in the Upper Palatinate and completed the state bankruptcy (assessor exam) in 1855. From 1855 to 1857 he was an assessor in Weiden, and from 1857 a legally qualified magistrate in Lindau, where he was elected legally qualified mayor in 1861. He held this office until April 1868 and in this capacity was also a member of the district administrator of Swabia and Neuburg, serving as its president from 1865 to 1867.
In April 1868 he was unanimously elected legally qualified mayor in Regensburg as the successor to the retired mayor Friedrich Schubarth, initially for three years and then for life. He held this office until his self-selected date of retirement for health reasons on January 1st. December 1903. During his years in Regensburg, Stobäus was a member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Bavarian State Parliament for the National Liberal Party in the electoral periods 1875–1881, 1887–1893 and 1893–1899, each time elected in the Regensburg constituency. Stobäu's local political era was characterized by the mayor's state-governmental, strongly Protestant-oriented national liberalism. After leaving the mayor's office, Stobäus first retreated to Ziegelhaus near Lindau and then in 1910 to Munich, where his wife died in 1912, two years before he died there himself in 1914.
Although Stobäus was made an honorary citizen of Regensburg during his term in office in 1886, his ties to the city remained rather weak. As late as 1895, he reminded the district president in a confidential letter that he had not asked to go to Regensburg, but that he had long been pestered by the highest authorities to leave his beautiful home in Lindau on Lake Constance. In Regensburg, Stobäus' administration was primarily aimed at promoting the Protestant, upper middle class, national-liberal, property-owning bourgeoisie. This administration was met with a lot of criticism during the last few years in office - probably also because of the very long term in office. The criticism came from both the opposition petty-bourgeois Catholics and the left-liberal side and even from the state government. He also made the Social Democrats his opponents when he managed to prevent the founding of the Bavarian Social Democratic Party in a hall in the city in June 1892, so that the founding meeting had to take place outside the city gates in the village suburb of Reinhausen.[2 ] The fact that his office was ultimately a burden for himself is shown by the titles of the four volumes of his estate that he himself wrote: “Teaching Years 1849–1856, Journeyman Years 1857–1860, Master Years 1861–1868, continued in the workshop in Regensburg 1868–1903 at the end of November. Unfortunately, Finis only arrived in 1903! “
Mayor in Regensburg: Since Regensburg was annexed to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1810, there had been only weak economic developments over the course of almost 60 years, despite the first rail connection in 1859. Only a few small businesses had settled in the city. Only one company had already developed impressively before Stobäus took office.
The Rehbach pencil factory, founded in 1821, had expanded significantly in 1834 and had already become the second largest producer in 1864.
There had been a porcelain factory since 1805, which from 1829 onwards produced under the direction of Johann Heinrich Schwerdtner at Periwinkle near Herzogspark, but ceased operations again in 1868.
In 1812, the Bernard brothers founded a branch of their snuff factory in Zanthaus (Gesandtenstrasse), which only expanded to the neighboring Ingolstetterhaus in 1898.
In 1833, the publisher Friedrich Pustet, who moved from Passau in 1826, acquired property on Gesandtenstrasse, founded a bookstore and laid the foundation for Pustet's printing company with the purchase of a high-speed press. Only after Stobäus took office did a phase of strong expansion begin for the company. In 1837, a beet sugar factory owned by the manufacturer Fikentscher began operations on Kumpfmühler Straße on the site of today's justice building. The factory had to cease operations again in 1888 because cleaning the sugar solution with bone charcoal was uneconomical.
Construction activity in the city almost came to a standstill after 1810. During the first decades of the 19th century In the 19th century, the new stables were built on the grounds of St. Emmeram Castle, which lasted from 1827 to 1832 approx. 200 workers were employed, the only major construction site in the city. It was only 25 years later and 12 years before Stobäus took office that the new Royal Villa was completed.
Infrastructure of the city when he took office in 1868: The infrastructure of Regensburg was similar to when the city was annexed to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1810. The destruction in the southeastern city during the Battle of Regensburg was only partially repaired due to tight finances and the remaining buildings still represented the conditions of the late Middle Ages. Although maintenance measures for the sewage system had begun during Mayor Thon-Dittmer's term of office, these measures could only be implemented using the conventional system of draining rainwater and other wastewater into the Danube due to a lack of income and high inflation during the time of the German Revolution in 1848/1849 maintained in the urban area.
In addition, improvements to the infrastructure through construction work in the city area were only possible after the city fortifications were demolished. Because the king only gave permission to demolish the landside city walls in 1863 and because Stobäus' two predecessors in the mayor's office, Georg Satzinger and Friedrich Schubarth, had remained inactive, a large part of the demolition work only took place after Stobäus took office. In addition to organizing the demolition work, Stobäus was burdened with many planning tasks for the new infrastructure and was supported from 1880 onwards by the civil engineer Adolf Schmetzer, who was appointed city architect in 1897. It was clear to both of them that only a modernization of the infrastructure could create the conditions for the city's industrial development and improved living conditions for a growing population.
General construction planning: After the city was opened by tearing down the city walls and filling the city moat, it was not only possible to build and expand streets and sewers, but also to build completely new residential areas close to the city. For the construction of urban buildings such as B. Schools, space and new properties were available near the city. With the sale of land to private developers in the inner west, south and east of the city, income was generated and the city treasury was relieved. This also made new urban construction measures possible, because the compulsory education passed in Bavaria in 1802 under Interior Minister Montgelas required the construction of new schools, which had previously been neglected.
New inner-city roads: New inner-city roads were required wherever walls previously existed, such as: B. on Petersweg, which was only given its current width in 1902 at the end of Stobäus' term of office at the expense of the princely parks, or where towers had stood or were preserved, such as partly at Jakobstor and Ostentor[10]. The road connection to the train station, which was built in 1859, was also important. To do this, the Kepler monument had to be moved and an extension of Maximilianstrasse, which ends in the south with the Maxtor, had to be created. The extension street, which was called Bahnhofstrasse until 1903, used Fürst-Anselm-Allee, but initially did not significantly affect the popular avenue. However, the situation changed when in 1886/91 the train station, which was only 30 years old, had to be replaced by a much larger, new building that was much closer to the city.[Note: 6] After the southern city wall was demolished, the new train station could be connected to the city with a new street by extending the Klarenanger street. However, the old Bahnhofstrasse remained, gaining in importance over the years as an extension of the increasingly used Maximilianstrasse and eventually taking on the name Maximilianstrasse and also the increasing traffic.[Note: 7][11] The port of Regensburg also had to be connected by new roads.[Note. 8] The port was built in 1865 on the banks of the Danube on the eastern Donaulände and was connected to the Bavarian Eastern Railway via the harbor railway, which made it possible to transship goods directly.
New residential areas: The new development area Ensemble Reichsstrasse could be planned in the eastern foreland of the city that was opened up by the demolition of the walls, with the associated streets and squares in order to develop the area.[Note. 9] No new development area could be created in the western foreland because of the existing city park. Planning had to be carried out there for the development of the edge of existing or newly created connecting and arterial roads.
Arterial roads: Arterial roads from the city center had to be planned to connect existing suburbs and neighboring villages, e.g. E.g. Kumpfmühl, Scheckening, Burgweinting and Neutraubling.
School construction during his term of office: Stobäus took office at the time of the Bavarian Kulturkampf. There were violent clashes between the liberal-conservative Bavarian government and the anti-modern and ultramontane supporters of political Catholicism in the Bavarian Patriot Party. The government with the education ministers Franz von Greßer and Johann von Lutz had a majority in the chamber of representatives (second chamber), but lacked a majority in the first chamber (Reichsrat), the Bavarian Assembly of Estates. A liberal school policy with mixed religious schools could not be implemented. In order to achieve changes, the government issued regulations after 1873, e.g. B. the school district ordinance, which made it possible to align the construction of new schools with political communities instead of with parish districts.
In his inaugural speech, Stobäus described the school as the most important community institution and called for the numerous existing plans to be implemented quickly, even if the required separation of schools according to denominations and parishes made planning more difficult and one also had to take into account the special needs of women religious who lived in the Catholic schools that should teach girls. It was good that building sites for schools were available after the city walls were demolished.
In 1870, a double school building with separate entrances for the Protestant boys and girls of the upper (western) town was opened on Schulbergl near Engelburgergasse, called the Engelburgerschule.
In the same year 1870, a double schoolhouse was built on Klarenanger (southern Dachauplatz) for the Protestant boys and girls and the Catholic boys of the lower (eastern) city, called the Klarenangerschule. For the Catholic girls, the Eastern School was built on the former St. Klara monastery in 1866 and was expanded in 1873.[Note. 13] The monastery and school were destroyed during the Battle of Regensburg in 1809.
In 1872, a double schoolhouse with separate entrances for Catholic boys and girls from the upper (western) city was opened on Nonnenplatz near the Dominican convent of the Holy Cross, called the Kreuzschule.
In 1875, the new high school building on Ägidienplatz was moved into for the so-called. United parity high school. The new high school was initially called the Royal Bavarian High School, had a Catholic influence and was then called the Old High School. Since 1962, the new building of the old high school at the new location in the west of the city has been called Albertus-Magnus-Gymnasium Regensburg.
The city of Regensburg then also planned to build a high school. In 1894, the Protestant royal new high school was opened in the east of the old town based on plans by Adolf Schmetzer on the foundations of the demolished city wall and has been called the Albrecht Altdorfer High School since 1962.
The primary school buildings were financed by taking out a cheap 30-year loan worth 600,000 guilders (1 million marks). With these school buildings, class sizes could be reduced to 47 students. However, the success was not lasting because the number of students increased unexpectedly quickly. In 1890 the average class size was 60 and in the Catholic girls' classes even 71 students, in individual cases even up to 90 students. A second phase of school construction was required, which began at the turn of the century. However, the new construction phase only aimed to expand space, because the new liberal tendencies in school policy were still not politically enforceable, because in elections the liberal party's share of the vote was in favor of the Catholic-conservative parties (Bavarian Patriot Party) and the 1893 for the first time Social Democrats who have been elected to the state parliament have fallen.
The entire Klarenanger School was given to the Catholic boys' school in the lower town. In 1898, a new schoolhouse was built on von-der-Tann-Straße for the Protestant children of the lower town, the Von-der-Tann-Schule.
The Kreuzschule was not expanded, but in 1901 a new school building was opened in the southwest of the city on Augustenstrasse for Catholic children from the upper (western) city, the Augustenschule, which also took in children from the Karthaus-Prüll community and which was expanded in 1908. The Catholic girls of the lower town were assigned a canonical courtyard on Schäffnerstrasse.
The private von Müller secondary school, which had been housed on Schäffnerstrasse since 1871 and was based on a foundation from the Thurn and Tax Privy Councilor Georg Friedrich von Müller, was converted into a municipal institution in 1900 and in 1903 it was moved in by the city planning officer Adolf Schmetzer with the participation of Paul Bonatz Art Nouveau-designed building on St. Peter's Way on the site of the Jesuit college, which was destroyed in 1809.
The school buildings were financed through municipal bonds. With the school buildings, class sizes could be reduced again to 48 students.
Gas and electricity supply: After 10 years of planning, a gasworks was built in 1857 outside the then existing city wall in what is now Landshuter Straße, one of then approx. 140 existing gas works in Germany. As early as 1865, shortly before Stobäus took office, the initial gas production through wood gasification had been switched to coal gasification. The Regensburg Stock Corporation for Gas Lighting was founded as the operator of the gas factory. After coal gasification had proven successful and gas sales had proven profitable, the gasworks was municipalized in 1897.
Initially the gas was only used for street lighting with initially 580 lamps. But soon there were also large non-urban buyers such as: B. the railway company. In 1869, when Stobäus took office, there were already 371 small customers, the number of which rose to 917 by 1897 and to 4,978 users by 1911 (with 52,000 inhabitants). After the major customer Bahn switched to electric lighting in 1892 and other industrial consumers also switched from gas to electric use, the company's net income fell sharply for a short time. After 1901, gas was also increasingly used for heating and cooking in households because Stobäus always strived to set low gas prices for heat generation and not to use the gasworks as a source of income for the city treasury. Gas consumption then increased so quickly that at the end of Stobäus' term in office, planning began for the construction of a new gasworks under city architect Adolf Schmetzer, which opened in 1910 far to the east of the city.
Similar to the development of the gas supply, Stobäus also set up the electricity supply, which had begun in 1867 with the construction of an electrodynamic machine by Werner von Siemens, but its use was delayed because Edison's development of suitable incandescent lamps was not completed until 1880. In February 1900, the first power station in Regensburg went into operation on Augustenstrasse, with St. Emmeram Castle as the largest customer. After laying 31 km of cable, one year later the power plant already had 242 customers who operated 11,246 incandescent and arc lamps and 53 motors.
The operator of the electric plant was the electricity company formerly Schuckert & Co., with which the city had concluded a 50-year contract, in which Stobäus also gave the city a say in pricing. The contract also included the operation of a tram, which began operations with two lines at the end of Stobäus' term in office in 1903. The operation of the tram required extensive road construction work. The construction work even included the demolition of two houses on the driveway to the Stone Bridge, a problem that was solved very satisfactorily by city architect Adolf Schmetzer. In order to be able to protect the city's interests in the long term, the city, after long negotiations, purchased the power plant and the tram in 1909 from the Electricity Corporation for 1,900,000 marks (1871).
Water supply: When Stobäus took office, there was strong population growth with poor housing conditions and a lack of infrastructure. The mortality rate, with particularly high infant mortality, was above the average in Bavaria. Water supply and wastewater disposal were therefore the first measures that had to be tackled. The plan was to introduce the alluvial sewer system, with which not only wastewater but also domestic feces would be disposed of, which previously had to be collected in pits and disposed of separately. First, however, the question of drinking water supply had to be solved because the three previous water sources in (Dechbetten, Scheckening and am Eisbuckel) had become very unproductive.
The search for new sources of drinking water proved to be very time-consuming, so the 1,238 pumping wells in the city initially continued to operate, even though an investigation had shown that 80% of the wells provided water of poor or even undrinkable quality. At the same time, Max Pettenkofer in Munich suspected a connection between water quality and cholera. In the course of 1872, abundant water sources were found north of the Danube in Sallern and in 1873 they were bought by the water supply company that had since been founded. In order to distribute water throughout the city, it was necessary to build elevated tanks on the hills north of the city (Trinity Mountain). The required pipelines had to cross the Danube under the riverbed. On the 1st The entire facility was put into operation in September 1875 and the opening was celebrated with a newly built water fountain on Bismarckplatz in front of the presidential palace. In the years that followed, the system was continually expanded, including the northern suburbs of Steinweg and Stadtamhof in 1877, and, after the construction of new elevated tanks on the southern hills of the city, the suburbs of Kumpfmühl and Ziegetsdorf. By the end of 1878, all of the company's shares were transferred to municipal ownership and a municipal waterworks was founded.
Sewer system and wastewater disposal: Parts of the sewer system had already been built during the term of office of Stobäus' predecessor Friedrich Schubarth on the instructions of the district government, but were laid out without a system and had significant deficiencies. Other parts of the canals dated back to the time of the imperial city and were brittle and damaged. All the old canals only collected precipitation and manufacturing wastewater, which was then discharged into the Danube via 20 outlets in the inhabited area of the city. The canals were only flushed intermittently with the help of water from the Vitusbach.
Planning the sewer system: A rapid renewal of the entire sewer system was necessary because in the first ten years after Stobäus took office, the number of deaths from typhus rose to 125, the majority of them in the residential areas along the Danube. There were lengthy, heated discussions about the measures to be taken, because it also had to be decided whether domestic pits should be banned in order to also dispose of feces using the alluvial sewer system via the new sewer system. The planned alluvial canal system should also ensure good flushing of the pipes with the help of domestic wastewater from the drinking water supply. The decision to build a new slaughterhouse far east outside the city center was made most quickly in 1888, because the sewage and waste from the old slaughterhouse in the city center at the fish market had previously been disposed of in the middle of the living area in the Danube.
Construction, financing and consequences of the sewer system: In December 1889, the decision was made to build a city-wide, leveled sewer system based on modern principles with brick, concrete sewer pipes, which would make it possible to dispose of the city's wastewater in high dilution outside from the inhabited city into the Danube. 10 years later, the decision was expanded to ban domestic storage pits and also to drain the feces into the (state-owned) Danube in high dilution using the alluvial sewer system. This meant that all houses had to be equipped with flushing toilets at the residents' expense. In addition, it should still be possible to flush the sewer pipes using the Vitusbach. The main sewage outlet was to be located east below the Royal Villa. The canal work began in 1889 and was not yet finished in 1911. By then, 25 miles (41 km) of canals had been built, but of the city's 2,450 properties, only 1763 were connected to the system. The total costs up to that point were 3,534,546 marks. A support fund was set up for homeowners who could not bear the financial burden, which served very well. The city's high costs could not be covered by the current budget. After 1890, all loans taken out were mainly used to finance canal construction. A positive consequence of the construction of the canal and the introduction of household waste collection in 1906 was the reduction in mortality by 33% between 1876 and 1908.
Winter port construction and planning of the new port:
A good 10 years before Stobäus took office, the so-called winter harbor was built on the Danube island of Unterer Wöhrd, which was only connected to the Danube by a branch canal. This port was built on behalf of the Bavarian-Württemberg Donaudampfschifffahrtsgesellschaft, which then operated a shipyard there. The construction of the first ship was completed in 1837, regular shipping between Regensburg and Linz began in March 1838 and in 1864 the company was taken over by the Bavarian state.
Old port: When Stobäus took office, there were two port facilities in Regensburg: the winter port mentioned on the southern bank of the Lower Wöhrd, in which no goods were transshipped, and the port for goods transshipment on the Donaulände, on the southern bank of the Danube east of the Iron Bridge in the area of the old town . During Stobäus's term of office from 1895 onwards, both ports were used by three shipping companies, two of which exclusively transported grain (uphill) and industrial goods (downhill).
Planning the new port: The lack of winter handling particularly affected the petroleum needed to operate petroleum lamps, which was imported from Romania. That's why in 1897 the city magistrate made a groundbreaking decision for the years that followed. A tank facility was to be built where the bulk petroleum that was urgently needed as lighting oil for lamps could be stored. The first three tanks were built in April 1898, but it soon became clear that the capacity was too low. You needed your own winter-proof port in order to be able to refine the petroleum on your site so that it could be used as fuel for engines. As early as 1899, the first extensive submission was made to the Bavarian state government with a request to build a winter-proof petroleum port in Regensburg. The petitions were repeated in 1900, 1902 and 1904, but remained unsuccessful beyond the end of Stobäus' term of office because the state government initially wanted to improve shipping conditions on the Danube. After that happened, negotiations began to finance the port construction project. In 1901, Stobäus had already begun to buy up land at the planned location of the new port in the east of the city, so that when the construction contract was concluded in 1906, the city was able to provide the state government with 110 days of work (374,880 m²) free of charge and then also bear other financial burdens Road, sewer and water connections had to be carried. At 6. The port was opened in June 1910 under Mayor Hermann Geib, Stobäus' successor.
Further measures during the term of office: When the old post office building south of Regensburg Cathedral was demolished in 1892, people had been hoping for 10 years that they could finally give the cathedral more space on the south side. Stobäus founded the so-called Committee for the Freedom of Regensburg Cathedral, which then carried out systematic lobbying to promote the uncovering of the cathedral as a national issue. Ultimately, the plans were successfully implemented and in the following years led to the appearance of today's cathedral square through further large-scale demolition of buildings south of the cathedral.
In January 1902, at the instigation of Stobäus, the city magistrate also decided to decorate the newly created square with an equestrian monument to King Ludwig I, also to subsequently thank him for completing the cathedral towers.
Honors
Stobäusbrunnen at Stobäusplatz
Knight's Cross for the Order of Merit of the Bavarian Crown, ennobling (1880)
Privy Councilor (1898)
Honorary citizen of Lindau (1868)
Honorary citizen of Regensburg (1886)
In 1906, the city of Regensburg commissioned a monument in Stobäus' honor (architect: German Bestelmeyer, sculptor: Georg Albertshofer), which was intended to beautify Stobäusplatz, which was built in 1904 following new road construction. The motif of the fountain - a mermaid in the arms of a merman - could have been misunderstood as a reference to the former mayor's well-known adventures. Stobäus may have been so angry about this that he forbade a delegation from Regensburg to be present at his funeral.
The Hotel Bayerischer Hof is a historic hotel in Lindau on Lake Constance.
Location: The hotel is located directly on the lake promenade at the harbor on the island of Lindau next to the main train station.
History: Georg Wilhelm Spaeth had a new hotel built opposite the new main train station in 1853, where the opening ceremony of the train station took place in October of the same year. The hotel was fully operational in the spring of 1854. In 1921 the Hotel Seegarten next door was acquired and in 1929 the Hotel Reutemann. After the Second World War, the hotels were used as rest homes for the French army and were only released after ten years. It was then further modernized and the buildings of the three neighboring hotels were later structurally connected. In 1991 a hall for conferences was built.
The hotel has been owned by the Spaeth family since it opened and is run by the sixth generation. It is a member of the IHA at the Bodenseehotels and Chaîne des Rôtisseurs. The Hotel Bayerischer Hof is classified by Dehoga with five hotel stars.
Events: Various events take place in the hotel, including the Lindau Psychotherapy Weeks and the Nobel Prize Winners' Meeting.