DATE OF THIS ** ORIGINAL ** ITEM: 1926 Judge was a weekly satirical magazine published in the United States from 1881 to 1947. It was launched by artists who had left the rival Puck Magazine. The founders included cartoonist James Albert Wales, dime novels publisher Frank Tousey and author George H. Jessop. The first printing of Judge was on October 29, 1881, during the Long Depression. It was 16 pages long and printed on quarto paper. While it did well initially, it soon had trouble competing with Puck. William J. Arkell purchased the magazine in the middle 1880s. Arkell used his considerable wealth to persuade the cartoonists Eugene Zimmerman ("Zim") and Bernhard Gillam to leave Puck. A supporter of the Republican Party, Arkell persuaded his cartoonists to attack the Democratic administration of Grover Cleveland. With GOP aid, Judge boomed during the 1880s and 1890s, surpassing its rival publication in content and circulation. By the early 1890s, the circulation of the magazine reached 50,000. Under the editorial leadership of Isaac Gregory (1886–1901), Judge further allied with the Republican Party and supported the candidacy of William McKinley largely through the cartoons of cartoonists Victor Gillam and Grant E. Hamilton. Circulation for Judge was about 85,000 in the 1890s. By the 1900s, the magazine had become successful, reaching a circulation of 100,000 by 1912. Edward Anthony was an editor in the early 1920s. Anthony was later co-author of Frank Buck's first two books, Bring 'em Back Alive and Wild Cargo. Harold Ross was an editor of Judge between April 5 and August 2, 1924. He used the experience on the magazine to start his own in 1925, The New Yorker. The success of The New Yorker, as well as the Great Depression, put pressure on Judge. It became a monthly in 1932 and ceased circulation in 1947. Judge was resurrected in October 1953 as a 32-page weekly. David N. Laux was President and Publisher with Mabel Search as editorial director and Al Catalano as art director. Contributors included Arthur L. Lippman and Victor Lasky. There were sections with light essays on sport, golf, horse racing, radio, theater, television, bridge and current books, along with submissions from college magazines, a crossword puzzle, single-panel cartoons and humorous pieces. There were several political sections; one-liners, cartoons and longer essays with mostly a conservative bent, in a style foreshadowing Emmett Tyrrell of today's The American Spectator. A collection of Judge and Puck cartoons dating from 1887–1900 is maintained by the Special Collections Reference Center of The George Washington University. The collection is located in GW's Estelle and Melvin Gelman Library and is open to researchers. American painter and illustrator Norman Rockwell had his first Judge cover on July 7, 1917, with Excuse Me! (Soldier Escorting Woman). The painting, initially sold at a World War I Liberty bond auction, later sold for $543,000 at a May 7, 2021, fine art auction. The sale price is an auction record for any Rockwell Judge magazine cover.
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ILLUSTRATOR/ARTIST: Artist/illustrator Ruth Eastman (Rodgers) (December 27, 1882 — July 1976) was well known in her day for pictorializing female beauty, energy and abilities.
She was born and grew up in Nassau, Long Island. Her father, George W. Eastman, was an attorney specializing in real estate who founded the Roslyn Savings Bank and was active in politics and temperance activities. Ruth's mother was Jennie Rushmore who also had two other surviving children, Lester and Mortimer. The couple kept a lovely home that was refuge and resort to their many friends.
Ruth enjoyed a privileged upbringing and studied art in New York with William Merritt Chase at the Art Students League. She would later study art in Paris and London, as well. By 1903, she was teaching illustration classes at the Art Students League. That year she also took two first place prizes in the Queens-Nassau Fair for a black and white sketch of an energetic businessman walking along a city street and for a pen and ink sketch of two children staring into a bakery window.
As reported in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle of May 2, 1915, she spent time in March 1915 with Puerto Rico's Governor Arthur Yager and his wife, visiting Venezuela. They looked around the Caribbean island of Curacao, too, and cars awaited them at the north coast of Venezuela to take them over the mountains to Caracas. Ruth had met the Governor when she wintered over in Puerto Rico, whiling away hours playing cards, dancing, attending parties, and taking car rides.
Cars may have appealed to her sense of adventure, since an article in the December 7, 1919 issue of the New York Tribune said Eastman could drive "any kind of motor car that goes on four wheels, but she seldom uses more than three." The implication was that she enjoyed some reckless driving activities. Eastman's career as a magazine cover illustrator had already begun by 1911, and she was in demand to draw color cover work for Judge, McCall's, House and Garden, The Saturday Evening Post, Liberty, Today's Magazine for Women, American Magazine, Country Gentleman, Collier's, The People's Home Journal, Ainslee's, and others.
She excelled in composition and the use of bold colors, and she pictured active, confident women. They might be driving, skiing, skating, playing tennis or golf, riding, shooting, playing cards, going to the opera, swimming, picking apples or flowers, traveling abroad, cooking, sailing, doing crosswords, etc. And they looked like fashion plates — never a hair out of place, always turned out in fashionable, often colorful attire. She sometimes worked from photographs and drew the model unclad before returning to sketch in the fashionable outfit. Her powerful work for MoToR magazine was introduced from 1918 to 1921.
In 1917, she drew a WWI poster for the Red Cross Committee on Public Information campaign. The campaign warned citizens to avoid giving comfort to the enemy, and Eastman's poster showed one debutante holding a teacup and reminding another deb not to pass along stories started by spies.
She also did calendar work, game work (illustrating the paddock for a 1922 horse racing game), catalogue work (United Cigar Stores), and book illustration (1904's The Puritan Maid: A Poem). She illustrated commercial advertising for products such as Jantzen swimwear, Coty cosmetics, Vanity Fair, Murad Turkish cigarettes, Pratt and Lambert varnish, Mallinson's Silks, etc. She contributed an illustration to 1927's program for a charity ball for the Society of Beaux Art and Architects. In 1935, she also illustrated a poster for a Broadway show: "Jumbo" with Jimmy Durante.
She was happily married later in life (at age 45) to James Linn "Ducky" Rodgers of Cornwall, New York, a Captain in the U.S. Navy who had attended Princeton as well as the Naval Academy. They summered in Cornwall and wintered near Montego Bay, Jamaica, where Ruth painted as a hobby, focusing primarily on Jamaicans, landscapes, and seascapes. A few years after James's death in 1969, Ruth's eyesight began to fail her. She moved to a friend's home in Maryland, where she died some time during the mid-seventies. She had been a member of the New York Society of Illustrators, the Guild of Free Lance Artists, and the Artists' Guild of the Authors' League of America.
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