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RARE medal. This medal has been minted to commemorate the Polish American hero Kosciuszko.
av. The portrait of Kosciuszkoand
rv. The reverse is plain
SIZE about 160 mm x 130mm
metal – bronze metal
weight about 360 gr (about 12.73 oz.)
Andrzej
Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko 1746 –
1817 was a Polish and Lithuanian national hero, general and a leader of the
1794 uprising (which bears his name) against the Russian Empire. He fought in
the American Revolutionary War as a colonel in the Continental Army on the side
of Washington. In recognition of his dedicated and faithful service he was
brevetted by the Continental Congress to the rank of Brigadier General in 1783,
and became a naturalized citizen of the United States that same year.
Racławice
is a village located in Little Poland, Poland. It became famous after a
victorious Battle of Raclawice (1794) in the Kościuszko Uprising.
The
Kościuszko Uprising was an uprising led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in Poland and
Lithuania in 1794. It was a failed attempt to liberate Poland and Lithuania of
Russian influence after the Second Partition of Poland (1793) and the creation
of the Confederation of Targowica.
The Battle of Racławice was one of the first
battles of the Polish Kościuszko Uprising against Russia. It was fought on
April 4, 1794 near the village of Racławice in Lesser Poland.
In
addition, Lesser Poland fielded approximately 2,000 peasants armed with war
scythes and pikes, as well as 11 cannons. The outcome of the battle was a
tactical Polish victory, with Kościuszko defeating the numerically superior
enemy. However, his forces were too small to start a successful pursuit and the
Corps of General Denisov evaded destruction and continued to operate in Lesser
Poland.
The victory
was subsequently promoted in Poland as a major success and helped in starting
the Kościuszko Uprising in other areas of Poland and the Warsaw Uprising of
1794. Also, the participation of peasant volunteers was seen by many as the
starting point of the political evolution of Polish peasantry from serfs to
equally-entitled citizens of the nation.
After the
battle, Kościuszko paraded in front of his troops in a sukmana, a traditional
attire worn in Lesser Poland, in honour of the bravery of the peasants, whose
charge ensured the quick capture of the Russian artillery. He also praised
Wojciech Bartosz Głowacki, a peasant who was the first to capture the cannon
(he is visible in the Matejko's painting, above). Both the red cap worn by his
soldiers and the home-made war scythes were later featured on the emblem of the
303rd Polish Fighter Squadron which took part in the Battle of Britain.
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