17 Typescripts PARIS 1952-68: Reflections au jour le jour

Description

– Almost 180 more pictures see below! –

You offer 17 extensive French typescripts with political and personal reflections of a philosopher out of Paris from 1952 to 1968.

Over 4500 written pages!

Written by a close friend of the famousThe philosopher Émile Chartier, called "Alain" (*3. March 1868 in Mortagne-au-Perche, Normandy; † 2. June 1951 in Le Vésinet near Paris), which he mentions very often (what he wrote or said and his reflections on it).

The author is André Buffard (pseudonym: André Laroque / La Roque) from Paris. He died in July 1977; in the "Bulletin de l'Association des Amis d'Alain" No. 44 (Dec. 1977) contains obituaries for André Buffard as well as letters from Alain to Buffard (see photos; the magazine itself is not part of the offer).

17 scripts of French type with reflections on politics and personnel from a philosopher from Paris in the years 1952 to 1968.

Écrit par un ami proche du célèbre philosophe Émile Chartier, appelé "Alain" (né le 3 Mars 1868 à Mortagne-au-Perche, Normandie, le 2 juin 1951 au Vésinet near Paris), qu'il mentionne très souvent (ce qu'il a écrit ou dit et ses réflexions à ce sujet).

The author is André Buffard (pseudonym: André Laroque / La Roque) from Paris. He died in July 1977. Le Bulletin de l'Association des Amis d'Alain n ° 44 (déc. 1977) Contient des notices nécrologiques for André Buchard et letters d'Alain à Buchard (voir photos, the magazine lui-même ne fait pas partie de l'offre).

Title: "André La Roque: Reflections au jour le jour."

His Paris address is handwritten on each tape, with his real name André Buffard.

Complete series of volumes 1 to 17, dated 12. August 1952 to 1 August 1968.

Scope: ins. 4653 pages (251 + 252 + 183 +250 + 276 +226 + 251+ 301 + 345 + 317 + 407 + 289 +250 + 251 + 258 + 274 + 272 sheets written on one page; partly original typescript, partly carbon copy, partly corrected by hand ).

The following volumes have an index at the end (not taken into account in the page count): 1-8 and 10-12. I photographed all pages of these registers.

Together the volumes (format approx. 27.7 x 21.2 cm) a stack 37 cm high; weight ins. 12.8kg.

He often quotes newspaper reports and reflects on them, but also reports on what he heard personally.

Topics include: Colonies (Algeria), politics (de Gaulle), Vietnam War, Israel, Mollet, communists, Jews, military, patriotism, church...

Due to the large size, I photographed the registers in their entirety, but I took purely random photos of the contents, without paying attention to whether it was a particularly interesting place or not.

Quotes about the author André Buffard:

-"André Buffard, a long time friend as well as a former student of Alain..." (Edward Joseph Pierce: War and the Citizen in the Works of Alain, 1974, page 38).

- Self-statement in the interview: "When you have spent so many years in Alain's living presence and are at home in his work, it is difficult to understand that it may be necessary to introduce him as an unknown [...]" (Antares, Volume 3, page 35).

-"André Buffard, a non-anxious intellectual" (Australian Journal of French Studies, Volume 8, 1971, p. 118).

-The writer Margaret Storm Jameson (1891-1986) reports in her autobiography ""Journey from the North", 1969, Vol. 1, about her friendship with André Buffard: "her [[sc. the writer Lilo Linke, who spent September 1937 in Paris]] closest friends, who became mine, were a lycée professor and his wife, Henriette and Andre Buffard. [...] the assured intelligence, the ease with which ideas are passed from hand to hand, the inborn goodwill and politeness of heart are there, as if these were still the only criteria of civilization. And with them a play of light, a gaiety, a cutting edge [...]. ... he has a wholly feline independence of spirit, a little savage. Add that he is - there is no English phrase for it - un coeur sensilbe, an almost reckless sensibility, passionate to a fault - and you have, crudely drawn, the portrait of a natural anarchist, incapable of taking on trust an idea or a creed, instinctively mistrustful of received opinions, not because they vex him, but because they are hypocritical. He was a close friend of another relentless individualist, Alain."

-In Jameson's work "A life" he is also mentioned: "André Buffard, who taught at the Ecole des Mines and was the Chapmans' oldest French friend" (he also taught at Mines ParisTech) / "Andre Buffard [...] ", a lycée teacher and a keen socialist" (p. 330 or p. 358).

-In one of the obituaries for Buffard in the "Bulletin de l'Association des Amis d'Alain" states: "C'était un homme d'une intelligence remarquable et d'une immense culture qui englobait dans a vaste synthése la littérature, la philosophie, l'histoire et les religions de The Occident and the Orient, a representative example of a generation of French humanists who are encore of all the hearts of the humanities and humanities." In another it says: "Buffard (qui a peu publié et, en general, sous le nom d'André Laroque) laisse des names inédits souvent difficiles à lire [...]."

Condition: Brochure covers are mostly damaged; in two volumes the book block has almost detached from the cover. Some of the back plates are damaged and the book block of some volumes is bent. Pages partly stained and browned. Some sheets kinked. Please also note the pictures at the end of the item description!

At the same time, I offer further typescripts by André Buffard (from the 2nd century). World War)!

Pictures

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TRIXUM: Mobile-optimized auction templates and image hosting

About Alain (source: wikipedia):

Émile-Auguste Chartier (* 3. March 1868 in Mortagne-au-Perche, Normandy; † 2. June 1951 in Le Vésinet near Paris) was a French thinker and writer who enjoyed a high reputation as the “moral voice” of France between the two world wars. With his column form Propos he shaped a new literary genre. He is usually known by his pseudonym Alain, which he initially chose because of the popular nature of this first name, but also as a tribute to his Norman compatriot Alain Chartier.

Life and work: After his education at the Paris elite École Normale Supérieure, the son of a veterinarian worked as a teacher in Pontivy, Lorient, Rouen and then in Paris until 1902. From around 1903 he published in various daily newspapers under the pseudonym Alain. Around 1906 he developed his own literary genre with the Propos.[2] Although the name comes from a predecessor of the column, it was Alain who introduced it to school education.[3] It refers to short, usually pointed, always aptly formulated articles that took up everyday processes of various kinds in order to warm the reader up to what is now called “positive thinking” on a philosophical level. These articles initially appeared day after day in La Dépêche de Rouen et de Normandie.

Always written from the language, not based on a concept, and never corrected (in the first series of 3,000 pieces), they quickly found great popularity. The best of them have been collected into thematic anthologies over the years, such as The Duty to Be Happy. In addition, the modest-looking “professor” practiced as a philosophy teacher at the Henri IV high school in Paris, especially from 1909 onwards. great influence. His students included Michel Alexandre, Raymond Aron, Pierre Bost, Georges Canguilhem, Julien Gracq, Henri Massis, André Maurois, Jean Prévost, Maurice Schumann and Simone Weil.

Alain values ​​free will - especially when it comes to our passions, which are known to lurk in dull regions. Ruminating doesn't help; you have to want something and decide on the steps required to achieve it. But he is not a rebel, as Henner Reitmeier emphasized in a short portrait. “Why should he rebel against the circumstances when a virtue can always be made out of necessity? Why murder a tyrant who can never, ever force me to love him? Why spend a lot of time swinging a pickaxe or ordering a bulldozer for a lot of money when it is primarily my will that moves mountains? Alain played the violin and loved metalworking. So you can work on your happiness even in a prison cell or in your body poisoned with heavy metals. It is therefore not surprising to learn that Alain was both an Epicurean/Stoic and an admirer of arch-reactionary technocrats such as Plato, Descartes, Comte and Goethe.”[4]

The pacifist goes to war: Alain always saw himself as a determined pacifist. Nevertheless, from 1914 onwards he did military service to fulfill his civic duties, without becoming a supporter of the war. He wanted to form his own impression. He refused promotions to officer, so he took part in the entire campaign as a gunner in the heavy artillery.[5] He returned from the First World War in 1917 with a serious injury. His polemic Mars or the Psychology of War appeared in 1921. For him, the war arises less from economic or political conflicts of interest (these could ultimately be resolved through negotiations, argues Alain), but rather from a battle of opinions. The decisive boycott of the war lies in blocking oneself against the great “persuaders”, i.e. not believing in them or in the alleged inevitability of the war.

In political terms, Alain was a member of the French radicals, that is, republican-minded liberals. Although he wants the obedient, but by no means the deferential citizen, as Alain's student André Maurois emphasizes.[5] In addition to the thinkers mentioned and his teacher Jules Lagneau, whom he greatly admired, Alain thought highly of Michel de Montaigne, who tended to preserve his own judgment even when it was not opportune. In fact, Alain has been particularly committed to the left “since the Dreyfus affair and after the First World War.”[3] In 1927, like many other critical cultural figures (including Louis Guilloux and the young Sartre), he signed the petition published by the magazine Europa against the law on the general organization of the nation in times of war.

In 1934, alongside the ethnologist Paul Rivet (socialist) and the physicist Paul Langevin (communist), he was one of the most prominent co-founders of the Comiteé de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes (CVIA). During the Vichy regime, however, he refrained from engaging in anti-state activities, which, among other things, earned him the resentment of his admirer Simone de Beauvoir.[6]

Long before his retirement (1933), Alain suffered from painful rheumatoid arthritis. Soon he could only move with difficulty from the bed to the table where he wrote or read in his small house in Le Vésinet. In 1936 he suffered a stroke. He endured all of this with “stoic composure,” writes Maurois.[5] In 1945 - as an old man - he married Gabrielle Landormy, who had been his companion for years and, above all, a listener and servant.

According to Maurois, Alain had throughout his life turned down all public honors offered to him, including a chair at the Sorbonne. “Three weeks before his death, however, he received an unexpected award: he received the Grand Prix National des Lettres, which was awarded for the first time in 1951.” His burial in the famous Paris cemetery Père Lachaise (Division 94) was simple and moving. [5] Today schools in Rouen and Alençon bear the name of Émile Chartiers.

reception

In Praise of Sleep: In 1927, Alain published an important work with the unappealing title Age and View, translated by Lonja and Jaques Stehelin-Holzing. For another Alain translator, the Weimar Julius Schmidt, it is “a physiology of human life based on a precise examination of the manifestations”.[7] What the French thinker's keen interest is focused on is already apparent from the titles of the nine "books" into which he divided this almost 500-page work: Sleep / Dreams / Fairy Tales / Games / Signs / Love / The professions / The cult / The types of being. The topics of sleep and dreams must not obscure Alain's strong reservations about Freud and his theory of the unconscious.[8]

The Gods: Another extensive work appeared in 1933 under the title The Gods. Alain was neither a Christian nor an atheist. He respects religious sentiment because he considers it natural in the sense that it corresponds to the experience of every child. “It begins with the scream,” he notes in the fourth chapter of this book, “which represents the only power for the child, and one that works at a distance without contact. Then comes persuasion, and it is the school of the will. Recognizing the giant, smiling at him, calling him by name, that is the way to achieve something..."[9] Alain sees religions, "in this respect not unlike CG Jung, as levels of being and consciousness" of humans.[3 ] In this book, too, Alain's “aperçu-like, elegant” language, “which looks for easily memorable formulations that often seem like aphorisms,” serves his pedagogical intention.[3] Basically, Alain's great treatises are always propos mosaics. Although “memorable” by no means means “clear”, as Henner Reitmeier thinks. In Alain's writings we often have to “grope through a whispering darkness”. Given his age and outlook, he himself admits that “a lot has to be guessed at in works of art; and what offers the most resistance is not the worst. That's how he saw it with regard to the state. According to his student André Maurois, he avoided forging verses so as not to pass off songs for thoughts - he preferred to sing."

Helmut Kindler makes a similar statement in his lexicon. Critics have sometimes accused Alain of the allusive character of his propos: they always allude to all sorts of significant connections, but “do not really have to prove their existence because of the programmatic brevity of the propos”.[3] Winfried Engler even suspects that Alain only wanted to educate “to imitate his own intellectual attitude, which tackles minimal questions of life with significant effort” - and not “to think independently”. Because of his “extremely stylish” presentation, the ideological core of this attitude – for example, reasons of state, not to say opportunism – generally remained hidden from the audience. “Overarching questions, especially about the effects of the economy, did not occur to him.”

Alain, his son Émile-Auguste Chartier, was born on Mars 3, 1868 in Mortagne-au-Perche (Orne) and died on June 2, 1951 in Vésinet (Yvelines), he is a philosopher, journalist, essayist and professor of French philosophy. It is rationalist, individualistic and critical.

The author used different pseudonyms between 1893 and 1914. The sign « Criton » sept « Dialogues » addresses the très universitaire Revue de métaphysique et de morale (dans laquelle il signe, par ailleurs, plusieurs articles de son vrai nom) ; the sign "Quart d'œil", or encore "Philibert", these pamphlets in La Démocratie rouennaise1, journal éphémère destiné à soutenir la campaign du député Ricard à Rouen ; enfin « Alain » ses chroniques dans La Dépêche de Lorient (jusqu'en 1903) puis dans La Dépêche de Rouen et de Normandie de 1903 à 1914.

biography

Childhood and adolescence: Émile-Auguste Chartier was born on Mars 3, 1868, in Mortagne-au-Perche, rue de la Comédie, in the home of his parents, Étienne Chartier, veterinary surgeon and Juliette-Clémence Chaline. These grand parents' maternels Pierre-Léopold Chaline and Louise-Ernestine Bigot sont des merchants de Mortagne connus et très presents dans la vie communale. Alain a également pour cousin l'abbé Chaline, grâce à qui le subject de la religious aura une place toute particulière dans son étude et sa réflexion philosophique. The foundation is a great part of the radicalism of the son of Père and the son of the grand-Père.

In 1881, the entrance to the Lycée d'Alençon où the passe cinq ans2. This époque, the authors preferred sont Homere, Plato, René Descartes, Honoré de Balzac and Stendhal. Il lit le Grec ancien mieux que le Latin.

Se destinant d'abord à l'École polytechnique, the opte finalement pour une preparation littéraire qu'il effectue comme external au lycée Michelet de Vanves à partir de 1886. Là, il fait la rencontre décisive du philosophe Jules Lagneau, qu'il reconnaît comme son maître3, et qui l'oriente vers la philosophie.

Professor, militant and journalist: After he was admitted in 1889 at the competition for the École Normale Supérieure, he was again three of the agrégation of philosophy in 18924, and was named professor5, successivement aux lycées Joseph-Loth à Pontivy , Dupuy de Lôme à Lorient6, à Rouen (lycée Corneille de 1900 à 1902) and à Paris (lycée Condorcet) and à Vanves (lycée Michelet)7. Il s'engage politiquement du côté républicain et radical, donnant des conferences pour soutenir la politique laïque de la République. In 1902, after the election of the candidate Louis Ricard, he organized the campaign in Rouen, he retired from political militantism, he was convinced by the popular universities that he was created in the suite of the Dreyfus affair and in the literature. À partir de 1903, il publie (dans La Dépêche de Rouen et de Normandie) des chroniques hebdomadaires qu'il intitule « Propos du dimanche », puis « Propos du lundi », avant de passer à la forme du Propos quotidien. Plus de 3,000 de ces « Propos » paraîtront de fevrier 1906 à September 1914. Devenu professor of high school Henri-IV in 1909, he exercised a profound influence on his children (Simone Weil, Raymond Aron, Georges Canguilhem, André Maurois, Julien Gracq, etc.). Alain also attended the Collège Sévigné in Paris in 1906.

Première Guerre mondiale: À l'approche de la guerre, Alain milite dans ses Propos pour la paix en Europe et refuse la perspective d'un conflict avec l'Allemagne dont il pressent qu'il serait d'une violence inédite. Lorsque la guerre est declared, sans renier ses idées, il devance l'appel et s'engage, fidèle à un serment prononcé en 1888 lorsque la loi de l'époque permettait aux enseignants d'être dispensés de service militaire. Accepting the beneficiary of the dispense, the avait juré de s'engager si a guerre survenait, ne supportant pas l'idée de demeurer à l'arrière quand les "meilleurs" sont envoyés au massacre.

Brigadier au 3e régiment d'artillerie8, il refuses toutes les propositions de promotion à un grade supérieur. On May 23, 1916, he broke ground on a chariot road that transported ammunition to Verdun9. After several hospitalization and return visits from the front, it was affected by the meteorology service, which was demobilized on October 14, 1917.

L'entre deux-guerres

Ayant vu de pres les atrocités de la Grande War, il publie en 1921 son célèbre pamphlet Mars ou la guerre jugée. Sur le plan politique, il s'engage aux côtés du movement radical en faveur d'une république libérale strictement contrôlée par le peuple. In 1927, the petition was signed (parue le 15 April in the revue Europe) against the loi sur l'organization générale de la nation pour le temps de guerre, qui abroge toute indépendance intellectuelle et toute liberté d'opinion. Son nom côtoie ceux de Lucien Descaves, Louis Guilloux, Henry Poulaille, Jules Romains, Séverine… and ceux des young normaliens Raymond Aron and Jean-Paul Sartre. Jusqu'à la fin des années 1930, son oeuvre sera guidée par la lutte pour le pacifisme et contre la montée des fascistes. The rédaction des Propos reprend, mais sous forme de revue, de 1921 à 1936, avec une interruption de 1924 à 1927, où ils sont accueillis par la revue Émancipation de Charles Gide. In 1934, he was co-founder of the Comité de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes (CVIA), directed by Paul Rivet and Paul Langevin. In 1936, even though it was a long time ago, the crises regulated the rhythms of immobilization, and the heart was attacked by the armchair. The participe néanmoins, mais de loin, aux travaux du Comité de Vigilance des Intellectuels antifascistes, milite ardemment pour la paix, rassemble les deux volumes de Propos qu'il intitulera Convulsions de la Force et Échec de la Force, soutient un moment les efforts pacifistes de Giono, like me, partisans of all of the defensive guerrilla, are given the idea of ​​​​désarmement. The soutient en revanche les accords de Munich, heurté par les appeals à l'Union sacrée des bellicistes en France dans lesquels il ensemble retrouver la censure des opinions dissidentes et pacifistes qui ont puissamment contribué au développement de la Première Guerre mondiale. Anti-fasciste convaincu, il semble ne pas mesurer la puissance réelle et la dimension spécifique de l'hitlérisme, considérant la France comme la puissance dominante dans le rapport de force international10. Il signe, en September 1939, the tract "Paix immédiate" du militant anarchist Louis Lecoin. À partir de 1937, à l'instigation de sa compagne après des semaines d'impuissance à écrire, Alain se consacre pour l'essentiel à l'écriture privée de son Journal. Sont publiés également plusieurs recueils thematiques rassemblant ses Propos, de même qu'il poursuit sa collaboration à la Nouvelle Revue French, and compris après que Drieu La Rochelle11 en aura pris la direction sous l'Occupation nazie.

L'Occupation, maladie et fin de vie

Tomb at the Père-Lachaise Cemetery.

The entry into the war and the débâcle sont pour lui un effondrement. It is a cosigner of a pacifiste paix immédiate that Louis Lecoin has an imprimer clandestinement — car the war is declared — and distributor. Alain n'évite a peine de prison qu'en prétendant que Lecoin l'a busé12. Ensuite il ne prend aucune position publique pendant la war et l'on ne peut restituer son opinion qu'à travers le style heurté, lapidaire et volontiers paradoxal de son Journal. In 1940, the accepte of the failure and ne souhaite pas la poursuite des hostilités. Dans son Journal, le 23 July 1940, Il va jusqu'à souhaiter la victoire allerande plutôt que celle « du genre De Gaulle ». The collaboration pétainiste lui ensemble a few times, in the continuation of the engagement pacifiste13. In 1943, the aim was to apply for the patronage of the French language league14, by René Château15, the initiative to create an ensemble with its concrétisée14. Très affaibli, pratiquement coupé du monde et de la guerre que même ses évitent d'évoquer devant lui, il connaît de 1940 à 1942 des années très sombres d'un point de vue moral comme physique. He was born in 1941 and was a friend of hearts and passionate collaborators, Marie-Monique Morre-Lambelin, and in 1944 he was born in 1944 and was also a disciple, Jean Prévost, in the Vercors. Son Journal (1937-1950)16 porte néanmoins the marque de la renaissance de son activité littéraire à partir de 1943. C'est pour l'essentiel la relecture des grandes œuvres qui le ramène à l'écriture. Il y avoue sa part d'ombre de ne pouvoir se débarrasser d'un antisémitisme latent17. This aspect is the regulatory regulation in the publique18. Il rédigera encore, en 1947, les Lettres à Sergio Solmi sur la philosophie de Kant ainsi les Souvenirs sans égards, various articles et prefaces and l'ébauche d'un Marx en 1950. In May 1950, he received the Grand Prix National des Lettres. It was born on June 2, 1951 and entered the cemetery of Père-Lachaise (division 94).

Posterite

Three associations contribute to the fair communication and diffusion of the oeuvre and are responsible for the editing and publication of the original texts: the Alain Institute19 is directed by the literary administrator of the oeuvre, the Association of Americans 'Alain20 and the Association of Americans of the Musée Alain and Mortagne.

Les Propos: Alain met au point à partir de 1906 le genre littéraire qui le characterise, les « Propos ». These are the articles of the courts, inspired by the actuality and the events of the day, in concise style and with striking formulas22, which appear in all domains. This forme appréciée du grand public23 a cependant pu détourner certains critiques d'une étude approfondie de son œuvre philosophique24. Beaucoup de Propos sont parus in the revue Libres Propos (1921-1924 et 1927-1935) fondée par un disciple d'Alain, Michel Alexandre. Certainly on these publications, in the early years, in the literary revue of the L'École libératrice éditée by the Syndicat national des instituteurs.

The inspiration of Plato, Descartes, Kant and Auguste Comte - may be written by Jules Lagneau, but the advice given to him is without a doubt, which is veritable as a disciple25,26. Lagneau fut son premier professor of philosophy at lycée de Vanves (current lycée Michelet). It's not a joke, it's still a long time, it's called "the great man who's connected" and don't think about it for Alain also decided that Plato's cell with Socrate: “Parmi les attributes Dieu, il avait la majesty. […] Ses yeux perçants traversaient nos cœurs et nous nous sentiments indignes. The admiration allait d'abord à ce character, évidemment inflexible, inattentif aux flatteries, aux précautions, aux intrigues, comme si la justice lui était due. »27.

Philosophy and religion: Le but de sa philosophie est d'aprendre à réfléchir et à penser rationnellement en évitant les préjugés. Humaniste cartésien, is a « éveilleur d'esprit », passionné de liberté28, which does not propose pas a system or an école philosophique mais apprend à se méfier des idées toutes faites. Pour lui, the capacity of jugement que donne la perception doit être en prize directe avec la réalité du monde et non bâtie à partir d'un système théorique.

Alain perd la foi au collège29 sans en resentir de crisis spiritual. Bien qu'il ne croie pas en Dieu et soit anticlérical, il respecte l'esprit de la religion. This is my attitude to the religious phenomena that analyze the face in a très lucid way. Dans Propos sur la religion et Propos sur le bonheur il fait transparaître, un peu comme chez Auguste Comte, a certaine fascination pour l'Évangile30 et pour le catholicisme, dont il aime la dimension universale31. Profondément athée, il critique le côté irrationnel de la croyance religieuse. Ainsi, in Les Saisons de l'esprit, il affirme: « The propre d'une religion est de n'être ni raisonnable ni croyable ; c'est a remède de l'imagination pour des maux d'imagination. » Il dénonce la croyance sans preuve: « Or, se croire fanatique est la source de tous les maux humains ; Car on a mesure point le croire, on s'y jette, on s'y enferme, et jusqu'à ce point extrême de folie où l'on enseigne qu'il est bon de croire aveuglément. C'est all religion ; et religion, par le poids même, descend à superstition. »32. The pointe du doigt le manque d'humanisme des monothéismes en particulier.

Mars ou la guerre jugée (1921)

Alain explains that he is resentful and alive in the war, this is esclavage. Il s'insurge against the mépris des officers pour les hommes de troupe lorsqu'ils « parlent aux hommes, comme on parle aux bêtes ». It does not support the idea of ​​this organization, the trait that the man infliges in the man.

He revolted when he assisted at the point of an enormous machine destinée to tenir les hommes dans l'obéissance et explique pourquoi, soldier, il n'a jamais voulu d'autres galons que ceux de brigadier.

Dans la culture

The adjective derivé de son nom est alinien.

Émile-Auguste Chartier (French: [?a?tje]; 3 March 1868 – 2 June 1951), commonly known as Alain ([al??]), was a French philosopher, journalist, and pacifist.[1] He adopted his pseudonym in homage to the 15th-century Norman poet Alain Chartier.

Early life: Alain was born in 1868. He entered lycée d'Alençon in 1881 and studied there for five years. On 13 June 1956, the lycée was renamed lycée Alain, after its most famous student.

Career: After Alain qualified at the École Normale Supérieure and received the agrégation in philosophy, he taught at various institutions: Pontivy, Lorient, Lycée Pierre Corneille in Rouen,[2] and, in Paris: (Lycée Condorcet and Lycée Michelet). From 1903, he contributed to several journals using his pseudonym, Alain. He was most commonly referred to as "Alain" by his pupils and peers.

In 1909, he was appointed a teacher (or professor) at the Lycée Henri-IV in Paris. He deeply influenced his pupils, who included Raymond Aron, Simone Weil, Georges Canguilhem, and André Maurois.[1] Reviewing the beneficial effect he had on his former pupils Simone Weil and Simone de Beauvoir, Professor John Hellman writes that Alain was the greatest teacher of their generation.

Among his most important publications are The Dreamer, 81 chapters about the spirit and passions, About Happiness, Mars , and The citizen against powers.[1]

Death

He died in 1951. He is buried in the Père Lachaise Cemetery.