GRAND DUCHESS OF GEROLSTEIN (THE)
Worksheet
The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein
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THE GRAND DUCHESS OF GEROLSTEIN
Jacques Offenbach
1819 - 1880
1867.
The Empire is at its peak. The exhibition opens on April 1 and the public will be able to admire the progress of trade and industry. Visitors, especially foreigners, also come to have fun, thanks to Paris, its theaters, its restaurants, its little women… Jacques Offenbach is at the height of his glory.
The triumph of La Belle Hélène (1864) and La Vie Parisienne (1866)
are still in everyone's mind.
At the end of 1866, Offenbach and his two accomplices, Meilhac and Halévy, set to work and prepare La Grande Duchesse de Gerolstein, which was presented on the Variety stage when the exhibition opened.
The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein
Hortense Schneider
With this opera bouffe, Offenbach and his authors parody, in a frivolous guise, the small European courts and the Army, or rather the distorted military spirit and the immoderate love of the stripe. After the unfortunate Mexican expedition (1862-1867)
and the defeat of Austria at Sadova (1867), the criticisms contained in The Grand Duchess take on more importance than they appear at first glance.
The rehearsals take place in good conditions. Hortense Schneider, satisfied with her role, controls her nerves and does not create a serious incident. On the other hand, when the curtain rises for the first performance, she learns that the censors believe that the fanciful Grand Cordon and the Cross that she must wear on her costume risks an affront to the Emperor. We ask her to remove these decorations.
The JEUNE woman gets angry, sobs, refuses to play ... Offenbach, without losing his head, orders the conductor to attack the opening.
A few moments later, Hortense enters the scene, her eyes dry, a smile on her lips, and without the Cord. Certainly, some historians remain skeptical about the veracity of this anecdote. Legend or not, we could, the following year admire
the portrait of the diva, painted by Pérignon.
On the costume, she proudly displayed her beautiful decoration.
The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein
After a few performances, during which the authors make some essential adjustments, Paris gives a triumphant welcome to La Grande Duchesse, Offenbach, Meilhac, Halévy and Hortense Schneider who becomes the true queen of Paris.
A parade of Emperors, Kings and Princes from all over the world come to acclaim him and pay him homage. These crowned heads treat her like a true Grand Duchess. They are so numerous these kings, to court him, that the scandalous chronicle is given to their heart's content. Léa Silly, her intimate enemy (with whom she had endlessly argued at the time of La Belle Hélène), nicknamed Hortense "the passage of the princes". Bad maybe, but probably not always wrong.
Soon, La Grande Duchesse was performed all over the world.
There are several covers of La Grande Duchesse de Gérolstein in Paris. Paola Marié (1878), Anna Judic (1887), Jeanne Granier (1890) and near us Germaine Roger (1948), Suzanne Lafaye (1966), Régine Crespin (1981) sang the role created by
Hortense Schneider.
After 1890, Le "Bruyas" did not report any series of performances, in the capital,
of the opera bouffe by Offenbach, before the revival (in a new version deeply
reworked and "arranged") of the Gaîté-Lyrique (October 1948).
Renewing their 1942 experience with Les Cent Vierges, Albert Willemetz and André Mouezy-Eon wrote on this occasion a New version of the work of Offenbach baptized The Grand Duchess.
The roles of Wanda and the Grand Duchess are held by the same artist
(Germaine Roger). Fritz becomes Frantz (Jacques Jansen).
In February 1949, the book was withdrawn from the poster.
A tour takes place in Monaco and the Grand Théatre de Genève
THE ARGUMENT
(in the original version from 1867):
The action takes place around 1720 in the imaginary Grand Duchy of Gerolstein.
Act I: The camp of the soldiers of the Grand Duchy
While awaiting their departure for the war, the soldiers of the Grand Duchess of Gerolstein sing and dance merrily with the peasants and vivandières. Boom, the general-in-chief, soon interrupts the party. It is Fritz, the most handsome, and arguably the most naive of fusiliers, whom he accuses of being responsible for the heckling. It is true that Boom and Fritz are fighting over little Wanda's heart. The general, does not accept that the handsome soldier
be preferred to him by the JEUNE girl.
The sovereign is twenty years old and bored. Boom and Baron Puck, who actually share power, fear the appearance of a favorite. To distract her, they declare war and look for a husband for her. But Prince Paul, the retained suitor, a ridiculous JEUNE man, leaves the Grand Duchess indifferent. She even refuses to receive Baron Grog, envoy extraordinary of Prince Paul's father, who has the mission of deciding her to the wedding.
That day, the Grand Duchess comes to review her troops before they leave for the war. She notices the handsome soldier Fritz. Despite Boom's visible bad mood, she made him climb all the levels of the military hierarchy in a few minutes. The JEUNE man finds himself a general, he disputes the tactics proposed by Boom for the campaign which is opening. Her own plan is retained by the sovereign. She appointed him general-in-chief and entrusted him with his father's saber.
Act II: A room in the Ducal Palace
The campaign is over. Fritz achieved victory by making his enemies drunk. He returns in great triumph. Boom, Puck, Prince Paul look grim and plot against the almost favorite. Everyone (except the person concerned) realizes indeed that the sovereign is in love with her handsome winner ... Her rank does not allow her to openly declare herself, she confides in him secretly. Fritz does not understand anything and even goes, a few moments later, so far as to ask her permission to marry Wanda. This is too much. The Grand Duchess, furious, joins the conspirators.
Act III: 1st scene: The red room
The conspirators meet and they are ordered to teach General Fritz a good lesson. On this occasion, the Grand Duchess meets Baron Grog. His beautiful presence favorably impresses the sovereign. The baron takes the opportunity to plead the cause of his Prince and ends up winning the decision. The Grand Duchess and Prince Paul will marry within an hour.
Newlyweds, Fritz and Wanda are not alone for long. On the order of the Grand Duchess, the general-in-chief was asked to mount a horse and to meet the enemy who made an offensive return.
2nd scene: The soldiers' camp in the Grand Duchy
Prince Paul and the Grand Duchess have been married for a few moments when Fritz returns in a sorry state, his sovereign's father's saber all twisted. In fact, Puck sent him to a lady whom he "visits" regularly in the absence of the husband, not unaware that the latter was beginning to have suspicions. Fritz ran into the husband who, taking him for his wife's lover, beat him up heavily.
The Grand Duchess is satisfied. The unspeakable conduct of General Fritz allows him to demote him. He finds himself a simple rifleman as before. She even accepts his resignation from the army.
Finally ! She will be able to dispose of the honors in favor of Baron Grog, whom she regards with more and more benevolence; when she learns that he is married and has four children, she has a moment of discouragement. Resigning herself finally, she returns ranks and honors to General Boom and decides to try, since she cannot have what she loves, to love what she has. A good girl after all, she appoints Fritz a schoolmaster in her village: so, at least, he will be able to learn to read!
THE PARTITION :
Act I: Choir of soldiers "Until the hour strikes", Song of Fritz "Come on, young girls, dance and turn", Verse "On horseback on discipline" (Boom), Duet "Here I am, here I am" (Wanda, Fritz); Rondo “Ah! that I love the military ”(the Grand Duchess); Regimental song “Ah! it is a famous regiment ”(La Grande Duchesse, Fritz); Chronicle of the Dutch Gazette "To marry a Princess" (Prince Paul); Final I: Chorus of soldiers "They are all going to leave", Verse from the Saber "Here is my father's saber" (the Grand Duchess), Departure of the army "You can without terror" (all).
Act II: Entracte; Choir of bridesmaids "At last the war is over", Verses of the letters "I have you on my heart"; Choir “After the victory”; Rondo “In very good order we set off” (Fritz); Duetto and Declaration “Yes, General… Tell him we noticed him” (Fritz, La Grande Duchesse); Food and Ballad trio "Don't you guess… Max was a soldier of fortune" (Boom, Puck, Paul); Melodrama and finale “Let’s lodge him therefore” (La Grande Duchess, Boom, Puck, Paul)
Act III, 1st scene: Duetto “O great lessons from the past” (La Grande Duchesse, Boom); Conjuration "Get out of this corridor", Song of the rewinders "Turn, turn cranks", (the conspirators); Wedding song "We are bringing the JEUNE woman", Nocturne "Good night, sir"; Couplets of the bride and groom "Must I, my God, be stupid" (Vanda, Fritz); Serenade (backstage choir); Together "On horseback, quickly Monsieur le Général"
2nd scene: Entr'acte-galop; Wedding choir "At mealtime as at battle"; Caption of the glass “He was one of my ancestors” (La Grande Duchesse, choir); Return and lament of Fritz “Well, Highness, here I am! "; Final III "Finally I took the plume" (all)