ANCIENT ROMAN EMPIRE (IMPERIUM ROMANUM) (27 BC-476 AD)

REIGN OF THE EMPEROR MARCUS AURELIUS (161-180) - ANTONINE DYNASTY

AURELIANIANUS CERTIFIED BY NGC EXTRA FINE

OBV: RADIATE DIADEMED BUST OF PROBUS RIGHT.

REV: STANDING FIGURE OF JUPITER WITH STAFF OFFERING HOLDING THE GODDESS VICTORY HIS RIGHT PALM AND OFFERING VICTORY TO PROBUS STANDING LEFT; MONOGRAM BETWEEN FIGURES; “XXI” IN EXERGUE.

MARCUS AURELIUS PROBUS (b. 232 AD; d. 282 AD) WAS EMPEROR FROM 276 UNTIL HIS DEATH. HIS REIGN SAW A MILITARY WITHDRAW TO, AND STRENGTHENING OF THE RHINE AND DANUBE RIVER FRONTIERS. THE EMPIRE SAW SUCCESS IN MANY WARS AGAINST THE BARBARIAN GERMANIC TRIBES, INCLUDING THE GOTHS, VANDALS, BURGUNDIANS, GOTHS AND ALAMANNI. PROBUS HAD A SUCCESFUL MILITARY CAREER BEFORE BECOMING EMPEROR. HE WAS APPOINTED GOVERNOR OF THE EAST BY THE EMPEROR TACITUS, AND WHEN TACITUS DIED IN 276, PROBUS WAS ACCLAIMED EMPEROR BY HIS TROOPS. HE DEFEATED FLORIAN, THE HALF-BROTHER OF THE LATE EMPEROR, AND WENT ON TO DEFEAT THE GOTHS IN 277, FOR WHICH HE WAS ACCORDED THE TITLE GOTHICUS. THE SENATE RATIFIED HIS POSITION OF EMPEROR SHORTLY THEREAFTER. PROBUS BEGAN THE POLICY OF SETTLING GERMANIC TRIBES IN DEVESTATED PARTS OF THE EMPIRE, AND HAD HIS MILITARY CONSTANTLY AT WORK ON PEACETIME PROJECTS TO HELP RESTART THE ECONOMY OF THE DEVASTED LANDS. HIS RULE WAS UNFORTUNATELY PLAGUED BY REVOLTS AND WOULD BE USURPERS, AND WHEN HE SENT TROOPS TO PUT DOWN THE REBELLION OF THE COMMANDER OF THE PRAETORIAN GUARD, MARCUS AURELIUS CARUS, PROBUS’ TROOPS CHANGED SIDES AND SUPPORTED CARUS. PROBUS WAS ASSASSINATED IN 282 BY DISGRUNTLED SOLDIERS THAT THOUGHT THEY WERE BEING MISUSED ON CIVIC PROJECTS. CARUS BECAME EMPEROR AFTERWARDS, AND AVENGED THE DEATH OF HIS FORMER RIVAL AND PREDECESSOR.

THE AURELIANIANUS, SUCH AS THIS EXAMPLE, WAS A SILVER PLATED RADIATE DENOMINATION INTRODUCED BY THE EMPEROR AURELIAN IN 274 AD AND WAS STRUCK UNTIL 293 AD. IT REPLACED THE RADIATE AURELIANUS DENOMINATION, AND STRUCK ON THE SAME WEIGHT STANDARD OF ROUGHLY 3.88 GRAMS, STRUCK WITH A COPPER CORE AND A 5% SILVER COATING. MOST EXAMPLES NOW APPEAR BRONZE, HAVING HAD THEIR COATING WORN OFF. BOTH THE AURELIANUS AND THE AURELIANIANUS ARE MODERN NUMISMATIC DESIGNATIONS; IT IS UNKOWN WHAT THE ROMANS CALLED THEM.


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