Vietnam
King Duy Tân (1907-1916)
1907-1916 Brass
10
Cash 27mm
Reference: KM# 652
維 寶通 新 , Chinese characters around square hole.
文 十, Chinese characters around square hole.
Coin Notes:
Emperor Duy Tân (維新, lit. "renovation"; 19
September 1900 – 26 December 1945), born Nguyễn
Phúc Vĩnh San, was an emperor of the Nguyễn
Dynasty who reigned for 9 years between 1907 and
1916.
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Cash was a type of coin of China and East
Asia, used from the 4th century BC until the 20th century AD. Originally
cast during the Warring States period, these coins continued to be used
for the entirety of Imperial China as well as under Mongol, and Manchu
rule. The last Chinese cash coins were cast in the first year of the
Republic of China. Generally most cash coins were made from copper or
bronze alloys, with iron, lead, and zinc coins occasionally used less
often throughout Chinese history. Rare silver and gold cash coins were
also produced. During most of their production, cash coins were cast
but, during the late Qing dynasty, machine-struck cash coins began to be
made. As the cash coins produced over Chinese history were similar,
thousand year old cash coins produced during the Northern Song dynasty
continued to circulate as valid currency well into the early twentieth
century. In the modern era, these coins are considered to be
Chinese "good luck coins"; they are hung on strings and round the necks
of children, or over the beds of sick people. They hold a place in
various superstitions, as well as Traditional Chinese medicine, and Feng
shui. Currencies based on the Chinese cash coins include the Japanese
mon, Korean mun, Ryukyuan mon, and Vietnamese văn.
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,
is a country in Southeast Asia. Located at the eastern edge of mainland
Southeast Asia, it covers 311,699 square kilometres. With a population
of over 96 million, it is the world's fifteenth-most populous country.
Vietnam borders China to the north, Laos and Cambodia to the west, and
shares maritime borders with Thailand through the Gulf of Thailand, and
the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia through the South China Sea.
Its capital is Hanoi and its largest city is Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon).
Vietnam was inhabited as early as the Paleolithic age. The first known
Vietnamese nation during the first millennium BC centred on the Red
River Delta, located in modern-day northern Vietnam. The Han dynasty
annexed and put the Vietnamese under Chinese rule from 111 BC, until the
first independent dynasty emerged in 939. Successive monarchical
dynasties absorbed Chinese influences through Confucianism and Buddhism,
and expanded southward to the Mekong Delta. The Nguyễn—the last imperial
dynasty—fell to French colonisation in 1887. Following the August
Revolution, the nationalist Viet Minh under the leadership of communist
revolutionary Ho Chi Minh proclaimed independence from France in 1945.
Vietnam went through prolonged warfare through the 20th century. After World
War II, France returned to reclaim colonial power in the First Indochina War,
from which Vietnam emerged victorious in 1954. The Vietnam War began shortly
after, during which the nation was divided into communist North supported by the
Soviet Union and China, and anti-communist South supported by the United States.
Upon North Vietnamese victory in 1975, Vietnam reunified as a unitary socialist
state under the Communist Party of Vietnam in 1976. An ineffective planned
economy, trade embargo by the West, and wars with Cambodia and China crippled
the country. In 1986, the Communist Party initiated economic and political
reforms, transforming the country to a market-oriented economy.
The reforms facilitated Vietnamese integration into global economy and
politics. A developing country with a lower-middle-income economy, Vietnam is
one of the fastest growing economies of the 21st century. It is part of
international and intergovernmental institutions including the United Nations,
the ASEAN, the APEC, the CPTPP, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organisation
internationale de la Francophonie, and the World Trade Organization. It has
assumed a seat on the United Nations Security Council twice. Contemporary issues
in Vietnam include corruption and a poor human rights record.
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