UAE IMPERFORATE & PERFORATE 1960'S MNH 4 STAMPS SET100% Original Old Postage
YOU ARE BIDDING ON:UAE 1968 Imperf & Perf - Ras Al Khaima - MNH - Olympics 4 Stamps Set
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PRODUCT INFO
TIMBRE DENTELE - PERFORATED POSTAGE - ORIGINAL GUM - NOT HINGED
The history of the post and postage stamps of the United Arab Emirates covers the development of postal communications in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a state in the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula with Abu Dhabi as its capital, which is a federation of seven principalities, or emirates:
Abu Dhabi,
Dubai,
Sharjah,
Ajman,
Umm al-Kaywain,
Ras Al Khaimah and
Fujairah.
Until 1971, these principalities existed under the name of Treaty Oman (according to the peace treaty concluded in the XIX century between Great Britain and a number of Arab sheikhs), and each of the emirates issued postage stamps in its own name. Having become a single state, the UAE has been issuing its own postage stamps since 1973 and is a member of the Universal Postal Union (UPU). The modern postal operator of the country is Emirates Post ("Emirates Post")[1].
Content
1 Development of mail
2 Issues of postage stamps
2.1 Contractual Oman
2.2 The first postage stamps of the UAE
2.3 Subsequent releases
3 See also
4 Notes
5 Literature
6 Links
Mail Development
In the territory of the current UAE, postal communications were very little developed in the past. The only post office has operated in Dubai since 1909 as part of the protectorate of Great Britain, known as Treaty Oman. In 1963, the postal service in Dubai came under the direct control of this principality. As for other principalities before the creation of the UAE, the British postal Administration was established in Abu Dhabi on March 30, 1963, and a post office was opened in Ajman in 1964. At the same time, there were no postal services in Umm al-Kaywain and Al-Fujairah[2].
Modern mailbox in Dubai
After the unification of the principalities in 1971 into a federal state, a unified postal system was created, and on March 30, 1973, the UAE was accepted into the ranks of the UPU[1].
Postage stamp issues
Treaty Oman
The British administration of Contractual Oman used various stamps to pay for postal services. Thus, Indian postage stamps were in circulation at the post office in Dubai, Pakistani postage stamps in October 1947 — March 1948, and British postage stamps overprinted with new denominations in Indian currency in April 1948[2].
In April 1961, a series of standard postage stamps of 11 denominations with the image of seven palm trees on stamps of low denominations and a traditional dhow sailing boat on stamps of high denominations were issued for Treaty Oman. This series was intended for the Emirates Federation formed by the United Kingdom, but was actually in circulation only in Dubai until June 11, 1963 and was withdrawn from circulation on September 30, 1963. The stamps of this series had the inscription "Trucial States" ("Treaty States", that is, "Treaty Oman")[2].
From 1964 to 1972, each individual emirate issued its own postage stamps, withdrawn from circulation on April 1, 1973 in connection with the issuance of UAE postage stamps. All these issues of the Emirates (except for the issues of Abu Dhabi, starting from May 20, 1967) are included in the list of undesirable issues of the FIP and are prohibited from exhibiting at philatelic exhibitions held under the auspices of this organization [2][≡].
The first postage stamps of the UAE
The UAE issued the first postage stamps on January 1, 1973[2][3]. This first standard series consisted of stamps of 12 denominations depicting the flag and coat of arms of the new state and the sights of each emirate, and only the last stamp of the series featured a portrait of the president of the UAE[2].
Subsequent releases
In 1976, the second series of standard stamps with the image of the coat of arms of the UAE was released. In 1977, it was reprinted in a different way of printing[2].
In March 1973, the first series of commemorative stamps dedicated to the national Festival of Youth appeared. Subsequent commemorative series were dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Universal Postal Union, the commissioning of the satellite tracking station, the 25th anniversary of the Arab Postal Union, national holidays and other events[2].
On the stamps of the UAE there are inscriptions: English "United Arab Emirates" ("United Arab Emirates"), on some stamps — English "UAE" ("UAE") [4].
In March 1975, as part of the commemorative series marking the IX Arab Oil Conference, the first postal block was issued[2].
The UAE Francotype (1980)
See also
British Post in Eastern Arabia
Treaty Oman
History of the United Arab Emirates
History of Abu Dhabi post and postage stamps
The history of the post and postage stamps of Sharjah[en]
Sand dunes (philately)[^]
List of people on UAE postage stamps[en]
UAE Fiscal Stamps[en]
Emir Mail[en]
Emirates Post[en]
Notes
United Arab Emirates (Eng.). The UPU: Member countries: Southern Asia and Oceania. Universal Postal Union. — UPU: Participating States: United Arab Emirates. Accessed: November 17, 2015. Archived on November 17, 2015.
United Arab Emirates (UAE) // Philatelic Geography. Asian countries (without the USSR) / N. I. Vladinets. — M.: Radio and Communications, 1984. — pp. 114-120. — 176 p.
Rossiter, Stuart & John Fowler. The Persian (Arabian) Gulf: United Arab Emirates. Stamp Atlas. Sandafayre Stamp Auctions. — Persian Gulf: UAE. Accessed: November 8, 2015. Archived on November 17, 2015.
The Persian (Arabian) Gulf: United Arab Emirates. Stamp Atlas. Sandafayre Stamp Auctions. — Persian Gulf: UAE. Accessed: November 8, 2015. Archived on November 17, 2015.
Literature
Contractual Oman // Big Philatelic Dictionary / N. I. Vladinets, L. I. Ilyichev, I. Ya. Levitas ... [et al.]; under the general editorship of N. I. Vladinets and V. A. Jacobs. — M. : Radio and Communications, 1988. — P. 74. — 40,000 copies. — ISBN 5-256-00175-2.
Contractual Oman // Philatelic geography (foreign countries): Handbook / L. L. Lepeshinsky. — M.: Svyaz, 1967. — pp. 124-125. — 480 p.
United Arab Emirates (UAE) // Big Philatelic Dictionary / N. I. Vladinets, L. I. Ilyichev, I. Ya. Levitas ... [et al.]; under the general editorship of N. I. Vladinets and V. A. Jacobs. — M. : Radio and Communications, 1988. — p. 212. — 40,000 copies. — ISBN 5-256-00175-2.
United Arab Emirates (UAE) // Philatelic Geography. Asian countries (without the USSR) / N. I. Vladinets. — M.: Radio and Communications, 1984. — pp. 114-120. — 176 p.
Ras al-Khaimah (Arabic. The top of the tent is an emirate in the north of the United Arab Emirates.
The capital is Ras al Khaimah.
The area of the emirate is 2,478 km2[1][2], the population is 241,000 people.[1][2] (2009).
Agriculture and fishing are developed in the emirate. The Ras al Khaimah Half Marathon is held annually.
Content
1 Population
2 Economy
3 Tourism
4 Notes
5 See also
Population
The population of the emirate is about 300 thousand people. The share of UAE citizens is about 50% of the total population (which is quite a lot for a country where on average this figure is only 20-25%). The official language is Arabic, English is widely used in business, Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Malayalam, Persian and other Asian languages are common among immigrants.
Economy
As in other regions of the country, the basis of the economy is the oil industry. In addition, there are enterprises for the production of ceramics and cement, the enterprise of the pharmaceutical company Julphar. In 2000, a free economic zone was opened in the emirate.
Tourism
Ras al Khaimah is a region of great interest for the tourist business. Ras al Khaimah organizes tours focused on both beach holidays and travel with an educational component. Of great interest to tourists are the ancient city of Julfar, which attracts Watchtowers and forts, and the islands of Al-Marjan, which attract up to one hundred thousand tourists a year.
Notes
rakinfo.ae. Accessed: November 29, 2019. Archived on January 2, 2020.
rakftz.com. Accessed: October 28, 2012. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011.
raq.ae. Accessed: October 28, 2012. Archived on June 9, 2012.
John Fitzgerald Kennedy, also known as JFK (JFK); May 29, 1917, Brookline, Massachusetts, USA — November 22, 1963, Dallas, Texas, USA)[10] — American politician and statesman, the 35th President of the United States (1961-1963) from the Democratic Party. His presidency fell during a particularly tense period of the Cold War. According to the majority of the country's citizens, Kennedy is among the ten greatest American presidents in history.
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1947-1953) from Massachusetts. From 1953 to 1960 he worked as a senator from Massachusetts. In November 1960, in the next presidential election, 43-year—old Democrat Kennedy defeated Republican Richard Nixon, Vice President of the United States, by a narrow margin, replacing another Republican D. Eisenhower, who was elected in 1953, who turned 70 in 1960.
Kennedy's almost three-year presidency was marked by the Berlin crisis, the Caribbean crisis, the Bay of Pigs operation, the space race between the USSR and the USA, which led to the launch of the Apollo space program, as well as serious steps to overcome racial discrimination. Time's Man of the Year (1961).
In the modern public consciousness, Kennedy is most often associated with his murder, which shocked the whole world, numerous hypotheses for the resolution of which are put forward to this day.Go to the section "#Doom"
Content
1 Biography
1.1 Family
1.2 Birth and early years
1.3 Secondary education
1.4 Higher education
1.5 World War II
1.6 The start of a political career
1.7 Election campaign of 1960
1.8 US President
1.8.1 Internal policy
1.8.2 Foreign policy
1.9 Death
2 Personal life
2.1 Brothers and sisters
2.2 Family
2.3 An affair with Marilyn Monroe
3 Author of books
4 Memory
5 Awards
6 Kennedy in culture
7 Aphorisms of John F. Kennedy
8 See also
9 Notes
10 Literature
11 Documentaries
12 Links
Biography
Family
Main article: The Kennedy Family
His maternal grandfather was John Francis Fitzgerald (1863-1950), an eloquent politician, three times mayor of Boston[11]. He graduated from Boston College and was elected to the U.S. Congress in 1894.[11] From 1906 to 1914, he served as mayor of Boston, regularly losing this place to other politicians with the end of terms [11]. Until the end of his life he remained one of the most prominent political figures in Massachusetts, he predicted to his grandson John that he would become president [11]. He was married to a second cousin, Mary Josephine Hannon, and had six children[11].
Paternal grandfather — Patrick Joseph Kennedy (1858-1929), entrepreneur and politician, was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts[11]. At the age of fourteen, he dropped out of school and started working, as the family had nothing to live on [11]. Over time, with the money he earned, he opened a small chain of bars and eateries, founded an alcohol and coal company [11]. He was married to the daughter of the owner of the bar Mary Hickey, four children were born in the marriage[11].
Mother — Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald (1890-1995), philanthropist, matriarch of the Kennedy clan. She studied at the Catholic school and the College of Manhattanville.
Father — Joseph Patrick Kennedy (1888-1969), financier[12], businessman [13] and politician, patriarch of the Kennedy clan, US Ambassador to the UK. He studied at the Boston Latin School, graduated from Harvard University[11]. At a young age, he became president of the board of Columbia Trust Bank, doubled its capital[11].
Joseph and Rosa met in 1906, but the girl, according to her father's plan, had to marry another young man who categorically did not like her [11]. In October 1914, Joseph and Rosa got married and moved permanently to the city of Brookline, where a year later they had their first child, Joseph Patrick Kennedy Jr.[11].
The Kennedys
at a New York restaurant,
November 1940
Kennedy Sr. believed that banking was above all and, as he later wrote in his memoirs, "all roads are open to the banker, since he plays an important role in the development of any business activity"[11]. Joseph did not plan to be a major figure in his own city, he wanted to reach a higher level — the banking sector of Boston and New York[11]. His intentions were destroyed by the First World War, he left the bank and moved to the Bethlehem Steel steel and shipbuilding company in Quincy, thus avoiding conscription to the front [11]. One of his colleagues later said[11]:
Kennedy's astounding financial achievements were based on his ability to foresee the future... his foresight, which always gave him strength and guided him — this gift of foresight was truly phenomenal
In the mid-1920s, Kennedy became a member of the Bramin brokerage firm, thereby becoming one of the most successful investors of his generation[11].
Joseph's persistent climbing of the career ladder repelled Rose, she wanted a more orderly and peaceful family life[11]. By the early 1930s, she had already given birth to nine children and was worried about her huge family after doctors discovered that the eldest daughter Rosemary was mentally lagging behind her peers[11]. In order to get a little distracted from family problems, Rosa traveled a lot around the States and Europe [11]. Joseph often cheated on his wife, in particular with the silent film star, three-time Oscar nominee Gloria Swanson, in whose films he often invested his own money [11].
At the peak of his career, Kennedy Sr. was friends with Pope Pius XII, newspaper magnate W. R. Hearst, and was a personal adviser to US President Franklin Roosevelt[14]. Joseph hoped that his eldest son Joe Jr. would go through the same life path as himself and pinned all hopes on him, not on John [14].
As the historian, longtime Columbia University professor Alan Brinkley notes, "long before the Kennedy clan became famous political figures, the family had already become one of the most famous Irish families in America"[11].
Birth and early years
John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the second of Joseph and Rosa's children, was born in Brookline, on Beals Street, at 3 a.m. on May 29, 1917, in a wealthy family of Irish descent[14][15]. The boy was named after John the Evangelist (English John the Apostle) and Rose's father, John Francis Fitzgerald [14]. According to the old American tradition, John's relatives called him Jack[14].
Shortly after John's birth, the family moved from a cramped house to a huge mansion on Abbotsford Road[16]. There he went to the Dexter School, where only he and his older brother Joseph were Catholics[16]. As a child, John was frail, the cause of which was all kinds of diseases: from chicken pox to scarlet fever, from which he almost died [11]. Kennedy's most vivid memory from childhood is a detour of the constituencies with his grandfather John in 1922, when he ran for governor [16].
Having become a big economic figure in the center of America and having a capital of $ 2 million, in 1927 Joseph Kennedy moved his family to the capital of stock trading — New York (more precisely, to his mini-district Riverdale), and then to Bronxville [en][16]. In Massachusetts, Kennedy Sr. left property - a family estate in the small village of Hayannis Port [en] [16]. There, John began going to Riverdale Country School, where he studied neither well nor poorly [11].
Secondary education
In the fall of 1930, thirteen—year-old John was sent to Canterbury Catholic School, which was located away from home in New Milford, Connecticut[11]. He continued to get sick regularly and missed his family, in letters he complained to them that at school he was "pestered with religion; you can only go outside the territory when the Yale University team plays against Harvard or against the armed forces team"[11]. John spent almost the entire school year in the hospital, and in recent months he has been practicing home schooling[11]. Despite his illness, he was active in sports at school, engaged in baseball, basketball and athletics[16].
Kennedy began the ninth grade at the private boarding school Choate Rosemary Hall, where his brother Joseph had already studied, and before that his future colleagues in the political cause, Adlai Stevenson II and Chester Bowles[11][16]. In Choate, John also did not receive high marks, according to historian Alan Brinkley, "his work was carelessly done, and he had a reputation for being a frivolous and unassembled student at a school that built order into a principle"[11]. Kennedy often called "Choate" a prison, his health did not improve, he spent a long time in the famous Mayo Clinic [11].
A rebel by nature, Kennedy joined the so-called "Makerov club", in which its members performed obscene songs concerning teachers and administration [11]. Despite his defiant behavior, John was not expelled from school and he graduated from it, although not with a perfect certificate [11].
Higher education
List of classes
that John F. Kennedy attended
Harvard University
After receiving secondary education, Kennedy thought about further education[11]. In 1935, he entered Harvard University, but at the very end of August, he took his documents and went to the London School of Economics and Political Science, personally to a prominent economist, Professor Harold Lasky, who later spoke warmly about Kennedy [11][16]. In the capital of England, John fell ill again, this time with jaundice, and returned to his homeland, where he entered Princeton University, in particular because his best friend Lem Billings had already studied there [en].
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