Phrenology was developed by a German physician named Franz Joseph Gall in the late 1700s. His observations suggested that differences in the outward shape and appearance of the head were associated with certain traits and characteristics. While this is now viewed entirely as pseudoscience, Phrenology, and Phrenology Readings, became quite popular with peaks in the 1830’s, 1840’s, 1860’s, and 1890’s. LN Fowler, an Englishman, was one of the leading teachers of Phrenology Theory during the second half of the 19th Century.