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A comprehensive guide to the most relevant concepts required for resiliency-oriented advancements of the power grid Resiliency of Power Distribution Systems offers an essential guide to help in the enhancement of the resiliency of the grid and contains information on measuring, mitigating and responding to extreme incidents in the power grid. Written by noted experts in the field, the book highlights the power grid's ability to withstand, predict, adapt and respond to all hazards and threats, which represents a paradigm shift from the current design and operation of the grid. The book's format is designed to facilitate easy review of the fundamentals of a distribution system and contains an accessible, yet thorough, understanding of the importance of resiliency. The text also reviews the most advanced and applicable approaches and architecture frameworks that help in the evaluation of degradation, advance proactive action, and transform system behaviour in order to maintain operation. The authors also present elaborate frameworks that can strategize response on multiple timescales and optimize operational efficiencies and priorities for the power grid. This vital resource: Provides an in-depth understanding of the concepts of power distribution system resiliency Presents a variety of methods to measure and enhance resiliency leveraging on the latest power engineering advancements Contains the mathematical tools for enabling resiliency, or to help develop newer theories on power distribution system resiliency. Includes real-world case studies where resilient power systems could have prevented massive financial losses Offers frameworks that can be leveraged to detect and mitigate cyber-physical attacks Written for power engineering consultant engineers, utility operators, distribution System planners, and manufacturers of power system protective equipment, Resiliency of Power Distribution Systems is a comprehensive yet accessible guide to the concepts and fundamentals of resiliency of the grid.

Author Biography

Anurag K. Srivastava, PhD, is the Raymond J. Lane Professor and Chairperson with the Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at West Virginia University, USA. He is the Director of the Smart Grid Resiliency and Analytics Lab (SG-REAL) and a renowned figure in the area of distribution systems resiliency. Chen-Ching Liu, PhD, is an American Electric Power Professor and Director, Power and Energy Center, at Virginia Tech, USA. As a Member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering, Dr. Liu is a widely-recognized leader in smart and resilient distribution systems in the power and energy community. Sayonsom Chanda, PhD, is a Researcher at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado, USA. He also founded sustainability-focused startups — Sync Energy to serve resiliency analytics to large and mid-size electric utilities in North America.

Table of Contents

About the Editors xv List of Contributors xvii Foreword xxi Part I Foundation 1 1 Concepts of Resiliency 3
Sayonsom Chanda, Anurag K. Srivastava, and Chen-Ching Liu 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Resilience of Complex Systems 4 1.3 Related Terms and Definitions for Power System 7 1.4 Need for Grid Resiliency 10 1.5 Resiliency of Power Distribution Systems 12 1.6 Taxonomy of Resiliency 16 1.7 Tools for Enabling Resiliency 23 1.8 Summary 28 2 Measuring Resiliency Using Integrated Decision-Making Approach 35
Sayonsom Chanda, Prabodh Bajpai, and Anurag K. Srivastava 2.1 Introduction 35 2.2 Feature to Measure Resiliency of Power Distribution System 37 2.3 Integrated Decision-Making Approach 40 2.4 Algorithm to Enable Resilient Power Distribution System 42 2.5 Case Study 45 2.6 Conclusion 57 3 Resilience Indices Using Markov Modeling and Monte Carlo Simulation 61
Mohammad Shahidehpour and Zhiyi Li 3.1 Introduction 61 3.2 Cyber-Physical Interdependencies in Power Distribution Systems 62 3.3 Resilience of Power Distribution Systems 66 3.4 Mathematical Model for Resilience Analysis 71 3.5 Simulation Results 86 3.6 Conclusions 96 4 Measuring and Enabling Resiliency for Microgrid Systems Against Cyber-attacks 101
Venkatesh Venkataramanan, Adam Hahn, and Anurag K. Srivastava 4.1 Introduction 101 4.2 Testbed Description for Validating Resilience Tools 102 4.3 Test System for Validating Cyber-Physical Resiliency 102 4.4 Dependencies Between Cyber and Physical Systems 106 4.5 Cyber-Attack Implementations 106 4.6 Cyber-Physical Resiliency Metrics and Tools – CyPhyR and CP-SAM 107 4.7 Case Studies for Cyber-Physical Resiliency Analysis 117 4.8 Summary 121 5 Resilience Indicators for Electric Power Distribution Systems 125
Julia Phillips and Frédéric Petit 5.1 Introduction 125 5.2 Motivations for Resilience Indicators 126 5.3 Decision Analysis Methodologies for Resilience Indicators 128 5.4 An Application to Electric Power Distribution Systems 134 5.5 FutureWork 138 5.6 Conclusion 138 6 Quantitative Model and Metrics for Distribution System Resiliency 143
Alexis Kwasinski 6.1 Power Grids Performance in Recent Natural Disasters 143 6.2 Resilience Modeling Framework 149 6.3 Quantitative Resilience Metrics for Electric Power Distribution Grids 154 7 Frameworks for Analyzing Resilience 163
Ted Brekken 7.1 Metrics 163 7.2 Risk Analysis Modeling 171 7.3 Power System Monte Carlo Analysis 180 7.4 Summary 181 Part II Enabling Resiliency 183 8 Resiliency-Driven Distribution Network Automation and Restoration 185
Yin Xu, Chen-Ching Liu, and Ying Wang 8.1 Optimal Placement of Remote-Controlled Switches for Restoration Capability Enhancement 185 8.2 Resiliency-Driven Distribution System Restoration Using Microgrids 188 8.3 Service Restoration Using DGs in a Secondary Network 196 8.4 Summary 205 9 Improving the Electricity Network Resilience by Optimizing the Power Grid 207
EngTseng Lau, Sandford Bessler, KokKeong Chai, Yue Chen, and Oliver Jung 9.1 Introduction 207 9.2 Microgrid Evaluation Tool 208 9.3 Overall Grid Modeling Tool 216 9.4 Conclusions 226 10 Robust Cyber Infrastructure for Cyber Attack Enabling Resilient Distribution System 231
Hyung-Seung Kim, Junho Hong, and Seung-Jae Lee 10.1 Introduction 231 10.2 Cyber Security Analysis of Distribution System 232 10.3 Cyber Attack Scenarios for Distribution System 234 10.4 Designing Cyber Attack Resilient Distribution System 238 10.5 Mitigation Methods Against Cyber Attacks 252 10.6 Summary 257 11 A Hierarchical Control Architecture for Resilient Operation of Distribution Grids 261
Ahmad R. Malekpour, Anuradha M. Annaswamy, and Jalpa Shah 11.1 Resilient Control Theory 261 11.2 A Hierarchical Control Strategy 264 11.3 Resilient Operation Using the Hierarchical Architecture 270 11.4 Conclusions 274 Part III Real-World Case Studies 279 12 A Resilience Framework Against Wildfire 281
Dimitris Trakas, Nikos Hatziargyriou, Mathaios Panteli, and Pierluigi Mancarella 12.1 Introduction 281 12.2 The Hazard of Wildfires 282 12.3 Modeling and Quantifying the Resilience of Distribution Networks to Wildfires 284 12.4 Case Study Application 291 12.5 Summary 301 13 Super Microgrid in Inner Mongolia 309
Jian Xu, Siyang Liao, and Yuanzhang Sun 13.1 Definition and Significance of the Super Microgrid 309 13.2 Applying Load Control Technology to the Super Microgrid 312 13.3 Research on Load–Frequency Control Methods for the Super Microgrid 317 13.4 Implementation of the Load–Frequency Control Method for the Super Microgrid 323 13.5 Operation of the Super Microgrid 325 13.6 Summary 326 14 Technology and Policy Requirements to Deliver Resiliency to Power System Networks 329
Mani Vadari, Gerald Stokes, and John (JD) Hammerly 14.1 Introduction 329 14.2 A Broad Perspective on the Need to Apply Technology 332 14.3 Use of Microgrids to Improve Resiliency Response 336 14.4 Use of Drones to Perform Advanced Damage Assessment 339 14.5 Case Study: Lessons Learned and Forgotten. The North American Hurricane Experience 342 14.6 Bringing it All Together – Policy and Practice 344 14.7 Conclusions 346 References 347 Index 351

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