Publisher Description

Based upon research in numerous archival sources, including the personal papers of the major British military and political leaders of the day, this is a study of British military planning during a period in which long-successful defence and military strategies had to be reappraised in light of new technological advances. Britain emerged victorious in 1814 after 22 years of war with revolutionary and Napoleonic France. However various technical and international developments - particularly the invention of the steam engine - gravely undermined Britain's security between 1814 and 1870. Because steam power enabled ships to manoeuvre independently of wind and tide, Britain was now vulnerable to attack from all sides, forcing her to devise new defensive strategies to repel invasion. Partridge examines Britain's response to the advent of steam power as well as the special military defence problems faced by the country as a result of its geographical position and contemporary political realities. Partridge offers an overview of Britain's strategic position in the years following the war wth France.Subsequent chapters examine each aspect of the country's military planning in detail, beginning with an exploration of the decline of the Royal Navy. Partridge then addresses the internal machinery of defence planning, the political constraints placed upon defence planners, the effects of popular aversion to a standing army and the new awareness of Britain's strategic vulnerability. Individual chapters are devoted to the three major prongs of Britain's land defences: the regular army, fortifications and the militia, yeomanry and volunteers. This study offers new insights into Britain's ability to adapt to the new military and technological realities of the early 19th century.

Author Biography

MICHAEL STEPHEN PARTRIDGE teaches at the London School of Electronics, St. Mary's College Strawberry Hill and the City of London Polytechnic. He is the author of several articles.

Table of Contents

Introduction The Strategic Position of Great Britain, 1814-1870 The Decline of the Royal Navy The Machinery of Defense Planning National Defenses (1): The Regular Army National Defenses (2): Fortifications National Defenses (3): Militia, Yeomanry, and Volunteers Selected Bibliography Appendix: Principal Office Holders, 1814-1870 Index

Review

?. . . the book is commendably free from errors. This reviewer could find neither misprints nor inaccuracies. It was a pleasure working on it.?-The Royal Engineers Journal
?The military exploitation of steam in the early 19th century began a technological process all too familiar today. Successive innovations in warship propulsion, armor, and armament made old defense arrangements (some of very long standing) obsolete overnight. In particular, Patridge argues, they shook Britain's traditional reliance upon her navy for home defense. Rather than expanding the army, however (which would have been expensive and unpopular), the British turned to massive coastal fortifications. Had all of these forts been staffed, there would not have been enough troops available to oppose an invader in the field. Patridge ably follows the tortuous path of these mistaken policies over the years through parliamentary debates and papers, and the private papers of leading politicians, admirals, and generals. There is a particularly fine bibliography of these official sources. Little is said about the role of civilians, in particular the building industry's interests in these huge construction projects. Recommended for specialist collections in public policy and defense issues.?-Choice
." . . the book is commendably free from errors. This reviewer could find neither misprints nor inaccuracies. It was a pleasure working on it."-The Royal Engineers Journal
"The military exploitation of steam in the early 19th century began a technological process all too familiar today. Successive innovations in warship propulsion, armor, and armament made old defense arrangements (some of very long standing) obsolete overnight. In particular, Patridge argues, they shook Britain's traditional reliance upon her navy for home defense. Rather than expanding the army, however (which would have been expensive and unpopular), the British turned to massive coastal fortifications. Had all of these forts been staffed, there would not have been enough troops available to oppose an invader in the field. Patridge ably follows the tortuous path of these mistaken policies over the years through parliamentary debates and papers, and the private papers of leading politicians, admirals, and generals. There is a particularly fine bibliography of these official sources. Little is said about the role of civilians, in particular the building industry's interests in these huge construction projects. Recommended for specialist collections in public policy and defense issues."-Choice

Long Description

Based upon exhaustive research in numerous archival sources, including the personal papers of the major British military and political leaders of the day, this is a comprehensive study of British military planning during a period in which long-successful defense and military strategies had to be reappraised in light of new technological advances. As Michael Partridge notes, Britain emerged victorious in 1814 after twenty-two years of war with revolutionary and Napoleonic France; however various technical and international developments--particularly the invention of the steam engine--gravely undermined Britain's security between 1814 and 1870. Because steam power enabled ships to maneuver independently of wind and tide, Britain was now vulnerable to attack from all sides, forcing her to devise new defensive strategies to repel invasion. Partridge thoroughly examines Britain's response to the advent of steam power as well as the special military defense problems faced by the country as a result of its geographical position and contemporary political realities. Following a brief introduction, Partridge offers an overview of Britain's strategic position in the years following the war with France. Subsequent chapters examine each aspect of the country's military planning in detail, beginning with an exploration of the decline of the Royal Navy--at one time the unchallenged mistress of the seas and far larger than any rival's naval force. Partridge then addresses the internal machinery of defense planning, the political constraints placed upon defense planners, the effects of popular aversion to a standing army, and the new awareness of Britain's strategic vulnerability. Individual chapters are devoted to the three major prongs of Britain's land defenses: the regular army, fortifications, and the militia, yeomanry, and volunteers. A bibliography is included for those who wish to pursue further research in this area. Indispensable for students of military history, this study offers important new insights into Britain's ability to adapt to the new military and technological realities of the early Nineteenth-Century.

Review Quote

"The military exploitation of steam in the early 19th century began a technological process all too familiar today. Successive innovations in warship propulsion, armor, and armament made old defense arrangements (some of very long standing) obsolete overnight. In particular, Patridge argues, they shook Britain's traditional reliance upon her navy for home defense. Rather than expanding the army, however (which would have been expensive and unpopular), the British turned to massive coastal fortifications. Had all of these forts been staffed, there would not have been enough troops available to oppose an invader in the field. Patridge ably follows the tortuous path of these mistaken policies over the years through parliamentary debates and papers, and the private papers of leading politicians, admirals, and generals. There is a particularly fine bibliography of these official sources. Little is said about the role of civilians, in particular the building industry's interests in these huge construction projects. Recommended for specialist collections in public policy and defense issues." Choice

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