NEWFOUNDLAND 75 1897 1c ON 3c GREY TYPE A 18.0mm SURCHARGE PROVISIONAL MPH CV$90
Surcharge bars are 18.0mm apart indicating stamp is from row 3. The distance from the bottom of 'ONE CENT' to the top of the bottom surcharge bar is 2.8mm and the space between 'ONE' and 'CENT' is 1.5mm (measurements of all surcharges are subject to slight variations due to spreading of ink before drying). Less than 5% of original gum disturbed by previous hinging, tiny hinge remnant (?), pencil mark on gum. No faults that are not obvious in the scans.
'ONE CENT' provisional surcharge, emergency printing of 1897. The surcharge was printed on 40,000 stamps from 400 previously rejected sheets (100 subject sheets of 10 x 10 divided in half - final sheets of 10 x 5) from a number of different shades of the Queen Victoria issue of 1890. This issue was printed by the British American Bank Note Company in Ottawa, on fairly heavy weight, crisp, white wove paper with horizontal mesh, white (almost colorless) gum, engraved, no watermark, perf.12.0x12.0. A total of 39,600 stamps were surcharged in black with another 190 stamps surcharged as red, red/black, or double red color trial proofs.
The black surcharged stamps sold to the public were produced using 3 distinct printing type faces on each sheet: the Type A (Newfoundland 75) surcharge was used to print the first 4 rows of stamps (positions 1 through 40, total of 31,680) on the sheet of 50. Type B (Newfoundland 76) is found on the first 8 stamps in the 5th row (positions 41 to 48, total of 6,336) with the position 41 stamp being a very rare variety found only once on each sheet (total of only 792 stamps!) that has spacing of 2.0mm between 'ONE" and "CENT" - this wording is 1.5mm apart on all the other 49 stamps in the sheet. Surcharge Type C (Newfoundland 77) is found on the last 2 stamps of the sheet (positions 49 and 50, total of 1,584).
To further confuse the issue, there are 3 different varieties of Type A surcharge stamps based on spacing differences between the top and bottom surcharge bars: stamps in the first row have bars that are 17.0mm apart (total of 7,920) ; the surcharge bars on stamps from rows 2 and 4 (total of 15,840) are 17.5mm apart and stamps in row 3 (total of 7,920) have bar spacing of 18.0mm, the widest spacing of all the stamps on the sheet regardless of type. All Type B and C surchaged stamps have bars that are 17.5mm apart.
In addition to the rare spacing variety found in the position 41 stamp; a damaged 'N' in 'ONE' constant printing flaw variety occurs once on each sheet in the position 39 stamp.
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