Close-Up +5 Macro 5x  40.5x0.5mm Vintage Russian Light Filter for Lens 

 Very Fine condition.

All features of the item have been tested and work properly. Look at the picture!

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What rays are absorbed, and which transmits a particular filter? Therefore, we consider the cases of their application.

Colorless (faint yellow) filter UV absorbs ultraviolet rays and is used for filming in the highlands, on the large snow-covered plains and on the water. It prevents unwanted actions also to ultraviolet color photographs. Changing the shutter speed or aperture is not needed. It can also be used to protect the lens from damage.

A slightly yellow filter -1.4x partially absorbs the blue-violet rays, slightly weakening the influence of darkness. It is used to enhance the contrast of the distant mountains, the horizon of the relief, in portrait photography and filming of the morning and evening, when the blue rays in sunlight, even a little. Cloud does not emit. It requires an increase in the relative aperture 1/2 degree.

Yellow filter -2 absorbs the majority of blue and violet rays, significantly improving color reproduction. It recommended for different shots, especially the snowy landscape on a sunny day. It increases the contrast of shadows and distant objects, eliminating the effect of atmospheric haze and flashing yellow and red tones. It requires an increase in the hole on one level (for example, instead of the diaphragm 8 must be taken 5.6, instead of 5.6 - 4) or an increase in exposure in half.

Bright yellow-green filter -1.4x in addition to the blue-violet also absorbs part of the red rays, improving the transmission of the brightness of colored objects in black and white image. It has the same application as the previous two. A similar operation and use, and has a yellow-green filter-2 spectral transmission curve which almost coincides with the spectral characteristics of human vision. Multi-colored objects are passed when shooting with him the same tonal shades, as we perceive them in nature.

Orange filter -2,8h completely absorbs the blue, purple, and blue rays, as well as part of the green, missing only the yellow, orange and red. It is used for a particular image contrast enhancement, for example, to isolate the clouds and the water surface with simultaneous shades of green, as well as when shooting very distant objects. Gives good results in the fog and bad weather, however, require almost a tripling of speed or increase the relative aperture and a half degrees.

Red filter -5,6h rarely used, mainly for special filming, because completely absorbs all the rays, passing only a few red and orange. The sky and the greens are quite black, so daytime images resemble in appearance the night. Sometimes used for the destruction of strong mist during long-distance shooting and pictures of reproduction. It requires significant lengthening of exposure.

Blue filter -1.4x partially absorbs the orange and red rays, raising the effect of atmospheric haze. The sky is white, and the clouds are almost invisible. It is used to soften the contrast, particularly just before sunset.

Neutral filter -4 has a gray color and reduces the negative illumination four times. It is used when a strong iris for some reason undesirable or impossible, for example, for the filming of the sea coast or the snow-covered field on a bright sunny day.

Keep filters necessary in their cases, and gently wipe with a soft cloth before taking a picture.