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Documentation:
Johann Friedrich I of Saxony, also called Friedrich the Magnanimous, (* 30. June 1503 in Torgau; † 3 March 1554 in Weimar) from the house of the Ernestine Wettins was Elector and Duke of Saxony from 1532 to 1547 and after losing the electoral dignity in 1547 until his death only Duke of the Ernestine part of the country. In the city of Jena, where he founded the university that still exists today, he is known as Hanfried. Johann Friedrich I was the eldest son of the Saxon Elector John the Constant (1468-1532) from his first marriage to Sophie (1481-1503), daughter of Duke Magnus II. to Mecklenburg. Johann Friedrich married on 9. February 1527 in Torgau Sibylle (1512–1554), daughter of Duke Johann III. von Jülich-Kleve-Berg, to whom he had been engaged a year earlier. Johann Friedrich promoted the Reformation like his uncle and father before him. He consolidated the regional church and promoted the University of Wittenberg. From 1539 he established new consistories to regulate the administration of church property. During the time of the Saxon coin separation, the common coinage agreed between the Ernestines and Albertines in the Leipzig main division in 1485 was temporarily suspended from 1530 to the end of 1533. Under Johann Friedrich, the earlier coin community with George the Bearded came into force again in 1534. In 1534 he intervened in Hans Kohlhase's feud against the Knight of Zaschwitz by annulling an interim compromise treaty. As the leader of the Schmalkaldic League, he was at the head of the Protestants. Politically not very talented and physically disadvantaged by his considerable weight and his addiction to alcohol, Johann Friedrich was stubborn and not very statesmanlike. As patron of the diocese of Naumburg, he replaced the Catholic bishop Julius von Pflug, rightly elected by the chapter, with the Lutheran Nikolaus von Amsdorf, thereby urging the emperor to take steps against the Reformation. Johann Friedrich also considered similar arbitrary action as in Naumburg for the Wurzen Abbey, which, however, was under the joint patronage of his cousin Duke Moritz von Sachsen, which led to the estrangement of both princes. In 1542, Johann Friedrich decreed on 15. April a Turkish tax regulation, "to which Türcken resisted". At the Reichstag in Speyer in 1544, Emperor Charles V confirmed the Johann Friedrich's marriage contract and the Saxon succession in the two lines of the House of Wettin. Due to his attacks on Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel and the capture of Duke Heinrich, Emperor Charles V imposed a July 1546 the imperial ban on Johann Friedrich I. and the members of the Schmalkaldic League. In the following Schmalkaldic War, his cousin, Duke Moritz of Saxony, who was also a Lutheran, sided with the emperor and invaded Electoral Saxony. The Kaiser was victorious in the Battle of Mühlberg. Johann Friedrich was born on 24. April 1547 captured by imperial troops on the Lochauer Heide and on 10. sentenced to death in May. He heard the judgment very calmly during a chess game with his friend Ernst von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen. After the intercession of influential princes (including Moritz), the death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. Johann Friedrich lost the electoral dignity and a large part of his lands to Moritz von Sachsen, see also the coin history of the Duchy of Saxony (1547-1572) of the remaining Thuringian possessions of the Ernestines after the Battle of Mühlberg up to the division of the country after the Erfurt division agreement of 6th Nov. 1572. Despite this defeat, he remained optimistic and had the Happy Return hunting lodge built during his imperial imprisonment in Augsburg and Innsbruck. Also during his imprisonment, Johann Friedrich had the High School founded in Jena as a replacement for the lost State University of Wittenberg, which was only elevated to the University of Jena by Emperor Ferdinand I in 1558, after his death. The prisoner steadfastly refused attempts by Emperor Karl to persuade Johann Friedrich to accept the Augsburg Interim, which is why his imprisonment was tightened. The taler of the sons of John Frederick the Magnanimous during his imprisonment was intended to soften the emperor's mood. The taler shows the portrait of the emperor instead of that of Johann Friedrich's sons. A portrait of an emperor on Wettin coins is unique in Saxon coinage history.
Source: Wikipedia
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