on the back: pilgrims at the Mother of God fountain in Einsiedeln
Printed on the back.
Condition: small stain on the lower edge of the sheet, otherwise good - see scan!
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Wood engraving, or xylography, is a common method of letterpress printing that was used towards the end of the 18th century. It was developed from woodcuts by Thomas Bewick in the 19th century.
Templates of drawings, pictures or photographs are transferred to a wooden board cut across the grain with a wooden burin instead of a knife, processed and then printed on paper. Because these wood engravings are printed directly from the woodblock without photomechanical reproduction processes, they are original graphics!
Especially between 1850 and 1900 they were used in books and magazines of the 19th century. century illustrative purposes. This also explains why wood engravings were almost always printed together with text contributions and often have text on the back. Wood engravings almost always come from print media (newspapers, illustrated magazines or books) of the 19th century. century.
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Documentation for the article:
The Einsiedeln Monastery (Latin: Abbatia territorialis Sanctissimae Virginis Mariae Einsiedlensis) with its abbey and cathedral church of the Assumption of Mary and St. Mauritius is an immediate Benedictine abbey in the municipality of Einsiedeln in the canton of Schwyz. The abbey is an important stop on the Way of St. James and itself a destination for numerous pilgrims. The Black Madonna of Einsiedeln in the Chapel of Grace is an attraction for pilgrims and tourists. The community has around 60 members. The monastery is not part of a diocese, but has the status of a territorial abbey. The Benedictine monastery Fahr near Zurich has been part of Einsiedeln Abbey since its founding in 1130. This means that the abbot of Einsiedeln is also the abbot of the Fahr monastery. Together they form the only surviving double monastery in the Benedictine order in the world. In 828, the Benedictine Meinrad retreated from Reichenau Monastery as a hermit to the Etzel Pass. In 835 he built a new hermitage with a small chapel in a remote place. This place was a little further south, in the middle of the Dark Forest. According to legend, Meinrad was visited there by people who asked for his advice and comfort and gave him gifts in return. On the 21st In January 861 he is said to have been attacked and murdered by tramps. His body was buried on the Reichenau and his heart was buried on the Etzel. Over 40 years later, the Meinradszelle became a magnet for hermits again. Among them was Benno, who was Bishop of Metz for a short time. They settled near the cell in 906 and cultivated the area. In 934 the hermits were brought together to form a Benedictine monastery by Eberhard, a cathedral provost from Strasbourg. Eberhard, the first abbot, had his own people who formed the first population of the high valley. The foundation of the monastery was on the 27th. It was confirmed by King Otto I in October 947 and was accompanied by a customary donation of land. Otto I's donation also included the island of Ufenau, which at that time belonged to the Säckingen women's monastery. The women's monastery was compensated for this with other properties. Einsiedeln Abbey also received free election of abbot and immunity. Emperor Henry II gave during his five-week stay in Zurich on January 2nd. September 1018, at the request of Abbot Wir, the monastery was given the dark forest around the abbey to use. As a sponsor of the church and the monasteries, he had already done so on September 5th. January of the same year in his palace in Frankfurt confirmed the monastery's traditional possessions and immunity. A patron was responsible for supervision, including representing the monastery in legal matters. These included the Nellenburgers, the Lords of Uster and Rapperswil. Eventually these lucrative rights passed to the Habsburgs. After the first monastery fire in 1029, a three-aisled basilica with a crypt was built between 1031 and 1039, which set the basic shape for the later baroque building. The laying of the foundation stone for the new building took place on the 10th. May 1031. A second basilica (Lower Minster) was built over the walled courtyard in 1230. Border disputes with the people of Schwyz have been known since 1114, and court courts have generally decided these in favor of the monastery. In 1308, after the death of the Habsburg King Albrecht I, the disputes increased significantly again. In 1314 the monastery was conquered and plundered by Schwyz farmers in the so-called Marchenstreit. The Duke of Austria, Leopold I, who was the patron of the Einsiedeln monastery, then attacked the central Swiss, but was defeated by them in the Battle of Morgarten in 1315. The conflict could only be resolved in 1350. At that time the monastery lost a considerable part of its land holdings. After a fire in 1465, the lower cathedral was vaulted. In 1509 and 1577 the church burned down again. Huldrych Zwingli was employed as a priest in the monastery from 1516 to 1518. The last monk left the monastery in 1525, on the 20th. In July 1526 the abbot of the monastery had to resign - the Einsiedeln monastery was extinct. The people of Schwyz then appointed a new abbot, Ludwig II. Blarer von Wartensee, which was only recognized as legal by Rome in 1533. He accepted the first commoners into the monastery and revived it. The choir and the confessional church were built between 1674 and 1684 under the direction of the architect Hans Jörg Kuen. The baroque monastery was built between 1674 and 1735 as a completely new building in three stages according to the plans of Caspar Moosbrugger. On the 31st The foundation stone for the new monastery building was laid in March 1704. His brother, the master builder Johann Moosbrugger, was commissioned with the construction work. The church was opened on the 3rd under Abbot Nikolaus Imfeld. Consecrated in May 1735. When the French reached Einsiedeln in May 1798, all of the monastery's residents fled. The Chapel of Grace was destroyed by the occupiers, but the image of grace was able to survive be saved by the monks. On the 17th In September of the same year, the empty monastery was declared state property. Through the so-called mediation act, on the 19th In February 1803 the clergy returned to the monastery. The Chapel of Grace was rebuilt in the classicist style between 1815 and 1817 with parts of the old building preserved.
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