Barbados

Barbados is an island country inthe Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, inthe Caribbean region of North America. It is34 kilometres (21 miles) in length and up to 23 km (14 mi) in width,covering an area of 432 km² (167 sq mi). It isin the western area of the North Atlantic and 100 km (62 mi) east ofthe Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea;^[7] therein, Barbados is themost easterly of the Caribbean Islands. Barbados is east of the Windwards, partof the Lesser Antilles, roughly at 13°N ofthe equator. It is about 168 km(104 mi) east of both the countries of Saint Lucia and SaintVincent and the Grenadines and 180 km(110 mi) south-east of Martinique and 400 km(250 mi) north-east of Trinidad and Tobago.Barbados is outside the principal Atlantic hurricane belt. Its capital and largestcity is Bridgetown.

Inhabited by Kalinago people since the 13thcentury, and prior to that by other Amerindians, Barbados was visited by Spanishnavigators in the late 15th century and claimed for the Spanish Crown. Itfirst appeared on a Spanish map in 1511.^[8] The Portuguese Empire claimedthe island between 1532 and 1536, but later abandoned it in 1620 with theironly remnants being an introduction of wild boars for a good supply of meatwhenever the island was visited. An English ship,the Olive Blossom, arrived in Barbados on 14 May 1625; its men tookpossession of it in the name of King James I. In 1627, the firstpermanent settlers arrived from England, and it became an English andlater Britishcolony.^[9] As a wealthy sugar colony,it became an English centre of the African slave trade untilthat trade was outlawed by the Slave Trade Act 1807, withfinal emancipation of slaves in Barbados occurring over a period of years followingthe SlaveryAbolition Act 1833.

On 30 November 1966, Barbados became an independent stateand Commonwealth realm with Elizabeth II as its queen,^[10] though the country is setto remove her as its head of state and become a republic by 30 November 2021.^[11] It has a population of287,010 people, predominantly of African descent. Despite being classified asan Atlantic island, Barbados is considered to be a part of the Caribbean, whereit is ranked as a leading tourist destination. Of the tourists, 40% come fromthe UK, with the US and Canada making up the next large groups of visitors tothe island.^[12]

The name "Barbados" is from either the Portuguese term os barbudos or the Spanish equivalent, los barbudos, both meaning "the beardedones". It is unclear whether "bearded" refers to the long,hanging roots of the bearded fig-tree (Ficus citrifolia),indigenous to the island, or to the allegedly bearded Caribs whoonce inhabited the island, or, more fancifully, to a visual impression of a beardformed by the sea foam that sprays over the outlying reefs. In 1519, a mapproduced by the Genoese mapmaker Visconte Maggiolo showedand named Barbados in its correct position. Furthermore, the island of Barbuda in the Leewards isvery similar in name and was once named "Las Barbudas" by the Spanish.

The original name for Barbados in the Pre-Columbian era was Ichirouganaim,according to accounts by descendants of the indigenous Arawakan-speakingtribes in other regional areas, with possible translations including "Redland with white teeth"^[13] or "Redstone islandwith teeth outside (reefs)"^[14] or simply"Teeth".^[15][16][17]

Colloquially, Barbadians refer to their home island as"Bim" or other nicknames associated with Barbados, including"Bimshire". The origin is uncertain, but several theories exist.The NationalCultural Foundation of Barbados says that "Bim"was a word commonly used by slaves, andthat it derives from the Igbo term bém from bémụ́ meaning 'my home, kindred, kind',^[18] the Igbo phoneme inthe Igbo orthography is very close to /ɪ/.^[19] The name could have arisendue to the relatively large percentage of enslaved Igbo people frommodern-day southeastern Nigeria arriving in Barbados in the18th century.^[20][21] The words 'Bim' and'Bimshire' are recorded in the Oxford EnglishDictionary and Chambers TwentiethCentury Dictionaries. Another possible source for'Bim' is reported to be in the Agricultural Reporter of 25April 1868, where the Rev. N. Greenidge (father of one of the island's mostfamous scholars, Abel Hendy JonesGreenidge) suggested the listing of Bimshire as a county of England.Expressly named were "Wiltshire, Hampshire, Berkshire and Bimshire".^[18] Lastly, in the DailyArgosy (of Demerara, i.e. Guyana) of 1652, there is a reference to Bimas a possible corruption of 'Byam', the name of a Royalist leader against theParliamentarians. That source suggested the followers of Byam became known as'Bims' and that this became a word for all Barbadians.

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