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| Professor Leslie's Apparatus for Cooling and Freezing: Within the present century many experiments have been made on the frigorific power of various mixtures, the substances employed being snow, powdered ice, common salt, nitrate of potash, and various others. The general character of such mixtures, and the mode in which their peculiar effects are produced, are thus described in Sir John Leslie's Treatise on Cold. The solution of salts in water, by expanding that liquid, augments its capacity for heat, and consequently depresses its temperature. This effect is likewise the greater in proportion to the quantity of saline matter which can be dissolved. But after water is suturated with one species of salt, it can still absorb some portion of another. Hence the frigorific effects of solution are always increased by employing a compound of dry powder. Nitre and salammoniac, or the nitrate of potash and the muriate of soda, in equal parts, added in the form of a dry powder to three parts by weight of water, will sink Fahrenheit’s thermometer forty degrees. But equal parts of the murinte ammonia and of the nitrate of potash, with one art and a half of the sulphate of soda, or common Glaube 5 salt, will cool down three parts of water forty-six degrees. A still greater effect, amounting to fifty-seven degrees, is produced by dissolving equal arts of the nitrate of ammonia and of the carbonate of so a, in one part of water. The frigorific action is in general augmented by throwin the desiccated powder into dilute acid instead of water. Thus three parts of the phosphate of soda, and two parts of the nitrate of ammonia, joined to rather more than one part of weak nitric acid, will sink the theremometer seventy-one degrees. |
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