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art of bleaching consists of removing colored matter using the
processes like steeping, boiling, bucking, Souring, drying etc. Fig. 7. Plate II. explains another mode of cleansing goods, and is applicable to cotton, linen, or woollen goods, but more generally to the two last, as, without great care in its management, it is very apt to tear or o: Cotton goods. This machinery is usually termed falling stocks, or falling hammers. N° 1. is the axle of the water-wheel, in which are fixed tappets at 2, to raise alternately the levers 3, 4, furnished with large wooden mallets or hammer heads 6, 8, channelled at the lower part as at 8. These lever hammers or fallers, work from a pin fixed in the upright at 7 ; 9 is a strong piece of timber hollowed out at 10, to receive the goods to be cleansed; 11, a piece of timber fixed a-slant to keep the fallers in their proper place, and direct their motion ; 12, a chain fastened to each faller, serving by means of the hook 13, to suspend the faller whilst the goods are put in or taken out of the cavity 10. Fig. 3. Plate III. a machine about three feet in height, for the purpose of lapping the cloth upon the rollers. A, the box in which the cloth is first laid ; B, the farthest wooden roller, over which the cloth passes from A, and from thence under the wooden roller C, to the tin roller D, on which it is lapped by turning it with the handle E.; F, the cloth passing under the roller C, to the tin roller D, on which, when it is lapped, it is ready to be carried and placed in the drying machine; G, a weight hung from the projection in the frame at H, over the roller B, to keep the cloth sufficiently tight as it passes from the box A, over that roller to be lapped on the drying roller D. Fig. 4. Plate III. shews another method of lapping the cloth on the tin roller, previous to its being dried. The following short but clear account of the mode we recommend to be practised, to procure the most perfect and durable white on cotton goods, after their being taken from the weaver; which is, first, to wet them thoroughly in cold water ; then to allow them to steep in cold, or lukewarm water, from 12 to 36 hours, according as they are of a strong or thin fabric; then to wash them well in clean cold water; afterwards to buck or boil them in a caustic alkaline ley; then to wash the goods well in clean water, and afterwards immerse them in diluted oxymuriate of lime, and wash them, repeating the operations of the alkaline leys, and the oxymuriate of lime, till the goods are perfectly white; them to pass the goods through the diluted sulphuric acid liquor, washing them well asterwards; lastly, to pass them through a weakley of pearl-ashes, or of soap, and again through clean water, before drying and finishing them : which finishing of the goods consists in starching, blueing, rolling, or callendering them as fashion directs, or the particular market for which they are intended, may require. Print Specifics:
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