Artist's Biography:

Menashe Kadishman (August 21, 1932 - May 8, 2015) was an Israeli sculptor and painter.

Kadishman artworks are presented in central locations in Israel, such as Habima Square and his paintings can be found in many different galleries in Israel. He is most famous for his metallic sculptors and colorful sheep paintings.

Biography

From 1947 to 1950, Kadishman studied with the Israeli sculptor Moshe Sternschuss at the Avni Institute of Art and Design in Tel Aviv, and in 1954 with the Israeli sculptor Rudi Lehmann in Jerusalem.
In 1959, he moved to London, where he attended Saint Martin's School of Art and the Slade School of Art. 
During 1959 and 1960 he also studied with Anthony Caro and Reg Butler. 
He remained here until 1972; he had his first one-man show there in 1965 at the Grosvenor Gallery.
His sculptures of the 1960s were Minimalist in style, and so designed as to appear to defy gravity. 
This was achieved either through careful balance and construction, as in Suspense (1966), or by using glass and metal so that the metal appeared unsupported, as in Segments (1968). The glass allowed the environment to be part of the work. 
Kadishman lived and created in his house in the city center of Tel Aviv. Kadishman was divorced, has 2 children. His son, Ben, is also a painter and his daughter, Maya Kadishman is an actress and married to the artists, Eran Shakine.

On May 8, 2015 Kadishman died after he was hospitalized at Sheba Medical Center in Tel Hashomer.

Motifs
In his youth, between 1950 and 1953, Kadishman worked as a shepherd on Kibbutz Ma'ayan Baruch. This experience with nature, sheep and shepherding had a significant impact on his later artistic work and career. 
The first major appearance of sheep in his work was in the 1978 Venice Biennale, where Kadishman presented a flock of colored live sheep as living art. 
In 1995, he began painting portraits of sheep by the hundreds, and even thousands, each one different from the next. These instantly-recognizable sheep portraits soon became his artistic "trademark".

Exhibited
1967 at 5th Paris Biennale; 1972 and 1978 Venice Biennale;
1979 Print Biennale, Tokyo, Japan; 1985 18th Sao Paulo Biennale.

Sculptures and Public Works
United States

New York

'Suspended', 1977, Storm King Art Center, Mountainville

'Eight Positive Trees', 1977, Storm King Art Center, Mountainville

'Sheep', 1979, The Jewish Museum, New York, NY

'Untitled', 1981, The Jewish Museum, New York, NY

'Shepherdess', 1984, The Jewish Museum, New York, NY

Oklahoma

'The Sacrifice of Isaac', 1985, Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art, Norman

'Negative Tree', 2001, Philbrook Museum of Art, Tulsa

Pennsylvania

'Three Discs', 1967, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove

Texas

'Segments', 1968, Nasher Sculpture Center, Dallas

'The Forest', 1970, Nasher Sculpture Center, Dallas

'Om', 1969, University of Houston, Houston

Canada

'Three Discs', 1967, High Park, Toronto

Costa Rica

MADC Museo de Arte y Diseño Contemporáneo, San José

Germany
Piëta, Braunschweig
'Falling Leaves', Jewish Museum, Berlin
'Pieta', Dominikanerkloster, Braunschweig
'Negative Trees', 1974, Wedau Sports Park, Duisburg

Israel
1960 Tension, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
1964 Uprise,a heavy steel sculpture near the Theatre and Performing Arts Center stage. Tel Aviv
1966 In Suspense, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
1967 In Suspense, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot
1967-74 The Tree Circles, Tel Aviv
1975 In Suspense, University of Tel Aviv, TelAviv
1975 In Suspense, Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Tel Aviv-Yaffo
1977 Circles, The Hebrew University, Har Hatsofim, Jerusalem
1979 Continuum, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot
1982-1985 Akedat Issac, Tel Aviv Art Museum, Tel Aviv
1984 - Hill of the Sheep, The Tefen Open Museum of Israeli Art, Galilee
1985 Akedat Issac, University of Tel, Tel Aviv-Yaffo
1985, Trees Israel Museum Billy Rose Sculpture Art Garden, Jerusalem, Israel
1989 Birth, The Open Museum of Israeli Art, Galilee
1990 Trees, Rehavia, Jerusalem
1990 Birth, near the Herzliya Museum of Contemporary Art. Herzliya
1994 Motherland, Lola Beer Ebner Sculpture Garden, Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Tel Aviv-Yaffo
1995 The Family Plaza, The International School for Holocaust Studies, Yad Veshem, Jerusalem
1998 Scream, Lola Beer Ebner Sculpture Garden, Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Tel Aviv-Yaffo
2004 Portrait of Shimon Finkel on the facade of Tel Aviv City Hall
2006 Memorial monument for the Etzel, Haganah and Lehi underground organizations, Ramat Gan

Japan
'Prometheus', 1986–87, Hara Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo

United Kingdom

Tate Britain, London (England)

Hollyfield, Harlow (England)

Solo Exhibitions

2017 References, Zaritsky Artists House, Tel Aviv
2015 Menashe Kadishman, Pavilion 16, The Levant Fair, Tel Aviv Port
         Tribute to Menashe Kadishman, Montefiore Art Gallery, Tel Aviv
2014 Menashe Kadisman: Vally of Sadness, Interim Summary 2012-2014, Municipal Gallery, Kfar Saba
2012 Kadishman you have never known, Kibutz Mahanaim Gallery
2011 From nature to art, The Negev Museum of Art, Be'er Sheva
2009 Tulips, The Museum of Israeli Art, Ramat Gan
2007 Menashe Kadishman, Julie M. Gallery, Tel Aviv
         Ermanno Tedeschi Gallery, Torino
2006 Kadishman at the Sea of Galilee, Beit Gabriel, Zemah
         Kadishman paints horses, Mahanayim Gallery, Kibbutz Mahanayim
2005 Menashe Kadishman – Prints, Genia Schreiber University Art Gallery, Tel Aviv
         Tel Aviv Museum of Art
2003 Menashe Kadishman: Eretz Moledet, Galerie im Prediger, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
2002 Menashe Kadishman - The Herd, Okashi Museum, Old Akko
         Menashe Kadishman - In the Valley of Sorrow, Ghetto Fighters' House Art Gallery, Kibbutz Lochamei Hagetaot + Kibutz Gallery Rosh Hanikra
2002 Women, Avni Institute of Art and Design, Tel Aviv
2001 Menashe Kadishman - A Heap, Mahanayim Gallery, Kibbutz Mahanayim
         Beit Kaner, Municipal Art Gallery, Rishon LeZion
         Menashe Kadishman - The Herd, Rishon le-Zion - Artists Asc., Rishon Le Zion
1998 Menashe Kadishman - Imagery 1978-1998, Hagaleria Haacheret, Tel Aviv
         Menashe Kadishman -Valley of Sadness, Hildesheim Museum, Germany
         De Beyerd Museum, Breda, The Netherlands
         Menashe Kadishman: Shalechet (“Fall”), Art Affairs Gallery, Amsterdam
1997 Menashe Kadishman, The National Gellery for Art, Beijing, China
         Mizpe Hayamim Gallery, Rosh Pina
         Julie M. Gallery, Tel Aviv
1996 Nahshon Gallery, Kibbutz Nahshon
         Menashe Kadishman: Drawings, Tel Aviv Museum of Art
1995 Menashe Kadishman - Solo Exhibition, Cabri Gallery of Contemporary Art, Kibbutz Cabri + Kibutz Gallery Rosh Hanikra + Ghetto Fighters' House Art Gallery, Kibbutz Lochamei Hagetaot
           Drawings and Sculpture - Mobile Exhibition, Zaritsky Artists House, Tel Aviv
           Julie M. Gallery, Tel Aviv
1994 Menasseh Kadishman - From Drawing to Sculpture, Haifa Auditorium
1992 Love Painted With Love Only, University of Haifa Art Gallery
         Menashe Kadishman: Sculpture and Drawings, Annely Juda Fine Art, London
1990 Julie M. Gallery, Tel Aviv
         Awarding Ceremony of Meir Dizengoff Prize for Painting and Sculpture, Tel Aviv Museum of Art
         Menashe Kadishman: Recent Sculptures, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
1988 Menashe Kadishman: Opferung Isaaks, Chamber Music Hall, Berlin,
1987 Myth Transformed: Painting and Monumental Sculpture of Menashe Kadishman, The Tel Aviv Museum Plaza, Joseph and Rebecca Meyerhoff Hall, Tel Aviv Museum of Art
1986 Menasha Kadishman: Drawings, Julie M. Gallery, Tel Aviv
         Sacrifice of Issac: Paintings and Sculpture, Centrum voor Beeldene Kunst, Breda, Holland
1985 Kadishman, Beest Gallery, Gravenhage, Holland
         Sacrifice of Isaac, Jewish Museum, New York
1985 18th Sao Paulo Biennale, Sao Paulo
1984 Kadishman 1984, Julie M. Gallery, Tel Aviv
1982 Tribute to Menashe, Ha' Kibbutz, Israeli Art Gallery, Tel Aviv
1981 Menashe Kadishman, The Yellow Lamb and The Metal Grove, University of Haifa Gallery
1979 New Works, Sara Levi Gallery, Tel Aviv
1978 Sheep Project: The Nature as Art and Art as Nature, The Israeli Pavilion, La Biennale di Venezia, Italy
1976 M. Kadishman: Glass, Rina Gallery, New York, USA
1975 'Forest'' by Menashe Kadishman, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
1972 Menashe Kadishman: Konzepte und Ihre Verwirklichung, Museum Haus Lange, Krefeld, Germany
1968 Menashe Kadishman, Dunkelman Gallery, Toronto
         Kadishman: Sculpture, Goldberg Gallery, Edinburgh

Selected Group Exhibitions

2019 Unwillful Movement, Jerusalem Print Workshop
2018 Journey in Time, Artists' House, Jerusalem
         Mess, Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Helena Rubinstein Pavilion
         Unforgettable Childhood, Zaritsky Artists House, Tel Aviv
         All in the Family: Family Legacy in Israeli Art, Senate Gallery, Ben-Gurion University , Beer Sheva
       The Map: Reading Between the Lines, Eretz Israel Museum, Tel Aviv
2017 Following, Zaritsky Artists House, Tel Aviv
         Panda, The Gallery of the German Friends of the Tel Aviv Museum, Tel Aviv Museum of Art
2016 Behold the Man: Jesus in Israeli Art, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
2015 Israeli Art: The Renewed Collection Galleries, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
         1965 Today, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
         The Museum Presents Itself 2, Israeli Art from the Museum Collection, Tel Aviv Museum of Art
2014 Revelations, Jerusalem Print Workshop
         Visual arts inspired performing arts, Zaritsky Artists House, Tel Aviv
2013 A Sculptor Creates an Etching, Gottesman Etching Center, Kabri
         Print Time: Works from the Jerusalem Workshop and the Gottesman Center, The Open Museum, Tefen Industrial Park
2012 Like a Butterfly to a Flame - Traces of Reality, Municipal Gallery, Kfar Saba
         King David and I, Zaritsky Artists House, Tel Aviv
         Local Color: Art from the Helela Tal collection, The Negev Museum of Art, Be'er Sheva
2011 THE MUSEUM PRESENTS ITSELF: Israeli Art from the Museum Collection, Tel Aviv Museum of Art
         Nimrod's Descendents, Artists' House, Jerusalem
         Seeing Rock'n'Roll - Visual Dimension of the Israeli Rock, Tel Aviv Artists House
         May 1st in Nirim, Wolfgang Meyer Etching Workshop, Kibbutz Nirim
         Father's Friends, Vertigo Village, Kibbutz Netiv Halamed Heh
2010 – 2015 Permanent Exhibition: Israeli Art, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
         AC118R Water-Based Red Idealogical Colour, Wolfgang Meyer Etching Workshop, Kibbutz Nirim
         Leaders, Petach Tikvah Museum of Art
2009 Land and Sea, Jerusalem Print Workshop
         Nature Nation, Museum on the Seam, Jerusalem
         Constellation: Israeli Contemporary Art, Ermanno Tedeschi Gallery, Turin, Italy
         Three-dimensional, Two-dimensional, Ashdod Art Museum
         Last Edition: Newspaper as Art Material in Contemporary Israeli Art, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva
2008 Van Gogh in Tel Aviv: Israeli Artists in Dialogue with Van Gogh, Rubin Museum, Tel Aviv
         Feeling and Meaning, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem
         In memory - Hanoch Levin, Tal Gallery, Kfar Vradim
         My Own Body: Art in Israel, 1968 – 1978, Tel Aviv Museum of Art
2007 Portfolios, The Korin Maman Ashdod Museum
2006 Mutual Existence, Painters and Sculptors Association in Israel, Haifa and the North
         Portfolios From The Gottesman Center, Kibbutz Cabri, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
         Raffi Lavie Collection, Mishkan Museum of Art, Kibbutz Ein Harod
2005 Etched Voices, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem
2004 Printing Color, Jerusalem Print Workshop
2003 30 Outdoor Sculptures - Tel Aviv University Campus, Tel Aviv University Art Gallery
         In Memory - Hanoch Levin, The Cameri Theatre of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv
         Um El Fahem Art Gallery
2002 From Nahum Gutman's Donkey to Messiah's Donkey - The Donkey as an Image in the Israeli Culture, The Gutman Museum - The Writers House, Tel Aviv
         Artists Against Occupation, Beit Uri and Rami Nehushtan Museum, Kibbutz Ashdot Yaakov Meuhad
2001 localities.il - Israeli Art from the Collection and Elsewhere, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
         Love at First Sight: The Vera and Arturo Schwarz Collection of Israeli Art, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
2000 Inauguration of new building designed by Serge Spitzer - Open House & Group Exhibition, 547 Main Street, (Quiogue) Westhampton Beach, NY
1999 90th Anniversary of Tel Aviv-Yafo: Contemporary Cityscapes - Israeli and American Artists, Tel Aviv Museum of Art
1998 Vision of Light: A Century of Watercolor in Israel, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
         To the East - Orientalism in the Arts in Israel, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
         Israel - Entre Reve et Realite, Musée Juif de Belgique, Brussels
         Israeli Art - 50 years of the State of Israel, Contemporary Jewish Museum, San Francisco
         The Boundaries of Language, Perspectives on Israeli Art of the Seventies, Tel Aviv Museum of Art
         Cinquantenaire de l'Etat d'Israel, Centre d'Art et de Culture de la rue Braco - Espace Rachi, Paris
         Tikkun - Aspects in Israeli Art of the 70's, Genia Schreiber University Art Gallery, Tel Aviv
1997 Lea Nikel - Paintings, Menashe Kadishman - Sculptures and Sketches, Turkish Railway Gallery, Be'er Sheva
1996 Jerusalem in Israeli Art, from the Museum's Collection, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
         Through a Man's Eyes, Pyramida Art Center, Haifa

         Windows: Glimpses of Seven Themes in Israeli Art, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
         Artists Messengers of Peace, Artists' House, Jerusalem
1995 Preview from the Rita and Arturo Schwarz Collection of Israeli Art, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
1995 Tel Hai 75 years, Images and Interpretations of Works of Five Artists, Tel Hai Arts Institute Gallery
          Dan Zakheim: Anniversary of His Death, Tel Aviv Museum of Art
1994 The Printer's Imprint: Twenty Years with the Jerusalem Print Workshop, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
          Along New Lines: Israeli Drawing Today, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
          Art Focus, The Museum of Israeli Art, Ramat Gan + Ein Hod Sculpture Biennale + The Israeli Phoenix, Tel Aviv
          Longing... Avraham Ofek, Taamon, Coffee - Gallery, Jerusalem
1993 Touching the Matter Touching the Spirit, Sara Levi Gallery, Tel Aviv
          Arte Contemporaneo Israeli, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Buenos Aires
1992 Print +, The Korin Maman Ashdod Museum + Municipal Art Gallery, Smilansky Cultural Center, Rehovot
        
Works on Paper From the 1970s, Artifact Gallery, Jaffa
1991 Israeli Contemporary Sculpture: Place & Mainstream, Hara Museum ARC, Gunma Prefecture, Japan + The Museum of Israeli Art, Ramat Gan
         Back to Painting in Israeli Prints, Genia Schreiber University Art Gallery, Tel Aviv
1990 Homage to Stematzky, Tel Aviv Artists' Studios
1989 Reuion: Rudi Lehmann and Disciples, Haifa Museum of Modern Art
         1967: The Amiricanization of Israeli Art, Bograshov Gallery, Tel Aviv
         40 From Israel: Contemporary Sculpture & Drawing, Joods Historisch Museum, Amsterdam
1988 Into the Mainstream: Israeli Art in California Collections, Magnes Museum, Berkeley
         40 From Israel: Contemporary Sculpture & Drawing, Brooklyn Museum, NY
         Sculpture in Israel: In Search of Identity, The Open Museum, Tefen Industrial Park
         Requiem to a Wadi, Pevzner House, Haifa
         A People Build Its Land: Israeli History as Reflected in Art, Herzliya Museum
1986 Landscape and Nature: Contemporary Israeli Prints from the Collection of The Israel Museum, High Court of Australia, Canberra
         The Hot and the Cool in Israel Art: the ''Cool'', Haifa Museum of Modern Art
         The Want of Matter: A Quality in Israeli Art, Tel Aviv Museum of Art
1985 Milestones in Israeli Art, Israel Museum, Jerusalem       
         Israeli Exhibition, Sao Paolo Biennale, San Paolo, Brazil
         3 Years to the War in Lebanon, The Castle, Kibbutz Gaash
         Two Years: Israeli Art, Qualities Accumulated II (Three-Dimensions), Tel Aviv Museum of Art
1984 Two Years: Israeli Art, Qualities Accumulated II (Two-Dimensions), Tel Aviv Museum of Art
          Art from Israel 1984, Museum of Art, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
          80 Years of Sculpture in Israel, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
          Trois Peinters D'Israel, International Cultureel Centrum (ICC), Antwerp, Belgium
          The Rational Factor in Works by Israeli Artists, Haifa Museum of Modern Art
1980 / 1983 Tel Hai, Contemporary Art Meeting, Tel Hai
1982 Homage to Menashe, Ha' Kibbutz, Israeli Art Gallery, Tel Aviv
1981 Israeli Prints from the Burston Graphic Center, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
         Trends in Israeli Art 1970-1980, International Art Fair, Basel, Switzerland
         Borders, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
          Process and Print: An Exhibition of Working Proofs, Jerusalem Print Workshop
1979 The Israeli Grafotec, Shaar Zion Library, Beit Ariella, Tel Aviv
         The Kadishman Connection, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
          Print Biennale, Tokyo, Japan
1978 Artist and Society in Israeli Art, 1948-1978, Tel Aviv Museum,
1977 Documenta 6, Kassel, Germany
         Debel Gallery stand, International Art Fair, Tel Aviv
1976 Glass, Bertha Urdang Gallery, NY, USA
1975 Mask, Debel Gallery, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem
         Homage to Aroch, Julie M. Gallery, Tel Aviv
         Graphic Art 25, Traveling Exhibition, Israel
1973 Paper and Paint, The Municipal Museum ''Bet-Emanuel'', Ramat Gan
         Graphic Art in Israel Today, Tel Aviv Museum
1972 Affidavit: Idea - Process – Document, Gallery House, London
         Sculpture & Sculptors' Drawings, Annely Juda Fine Art, London
         From Landscape to Abstraction, From Abstraction to Nature, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
         International Graphics Pavillion, Venice Biennale, Italy
1971 Israeli Art: Painting, Sculpture, Graphic Works, Tel Aviv Museum
         Looking Up..., Painting, Graphics & Sculpture, Memorial Art Gallery of The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
1969 A Leap of Faith, An Exhibition of Paintings, Drawings and Sculptures from Israel, State University of NY, Albany, NY
1968 Documenta 4, Kassel, Germany
         Sharet Scholarship Recipients Exhibition, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem
1967 5th Paris Biennale, Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
1966 The Smallest Works of a 10+ Group Artists and Others, Gordon Gallery, Tel Aviv
1958 Sculpture in Israel, 1948-1958, Mishkan Museum of Art, Kibbutz Ein Harod

Additional Information:

Sculptor and painter with a shepherd’s eye for nature / The Guardian

The many works produced by the Israeli sculptor and painter Menashe Kadishman, who has died aged 82, often surprised and provoked, blurring the boundaries between art and non-art. At the 1978 Venice Biennale, he displayed a live flock of sheep stained blue (a “moving painting”, he called it). He took care of the sheep through drawing on his experience as a shepherd on a kibbutz in his youth.

Sheep became a major motif in his art, especially in painting, and the story of the shepherd who turned into an artist became part of his myth. Kadishman’s large physique, wild beard, loose garment and sandals enhanced his image of a child of nature.

In his sculptures, Kadishman developed a signature style of cutout silhouettes made of steel, some reaching a height of 5 metres or more, somehow preserving the sensitive qualities of the line drawings from which they derived.

In 1997, the round, open-mouthed faces, made from iron, that had been part of his previous works were accumulated and spread on a gallery floor in Tel Aviv, with the title Shalechet – Hebrew for fallen leaves. This work grew and was exhibited elsewhere, culminating in a permanent installation of 20,000 pieces in Daniel Libeskind’s Jewish Museum in Berlin. Walking on the metal heads – as there is no other way of seeing it – is an unforgettable experience.

Kadishman experimented with works exploring the relationship between nature and art. A series of environmental works, The Forest (Montevideo, Uruguay, 1969; New York Central Park, 1970; Haus Lange Museum, Krefeld, Germany, 1972) combined man-made yellow plates with the natural environment. Going one step further, he painted a tree in yellow organic paint (Jerusalem, 1972).

His sculpture spanned two different trends in the art of the second half of the 20th century. The first, concerned with its own form, materiality and gravity, peaked in the mid-1960s to mid-1970s, especially in Britain and the US, and Kadishman was a fluent contributor. Examples include the minimalist aluminium and glass sculpture Segments (1968) at the Museum of Modern Art in New York; the yellow painted Suspense (1966) at the entrance to the IsraelMuseum, Jerusalem; Uprise (1967-74) in the Habima National Theatre Square, Tel Aviv; and Suspended (1968-76) at the Storm King Art Center, New York.

The other trend, from the early 1980s, related to art as a carrier of meaning: myths, memories and narratives, personal and collective. The sacrifice of Isaac was a major theme in Kadishman’s sculpture of the 1980s, which developed from the paintings of sheep he had started doing in 1979 and continued until his last days.

In the early 1990s he began a poignant series of works on a theme rarely approached by a male artist: birth. In these works the child is brutally detached, head down, from the mother’s body in a moment of mutual pain.

Kadishman was born in Tel Aviv to Bilha, a teacher and painter, and Ben Zion Kadishman, an industrial worker and sculptor, who emigrated from Ukraine in the early 1920s. He received his first artistic training from 1947 to 1950 with the sculptor Moshe Sternschuss, one of the founders of the modernist art group New Horizons, and then with the sculptor Rudi Lehmann, known for his sculptures and prints of animals.

In 1959 Kadishman went to London to study at St Martin’s School of Art, at the time the hub of the New Generation of British sculptors led by Anthony Caro. After a year or so he moved to the Slade School of Art and studied with Reg Butler. The transition of British sculpture from the figurative and mythical tendencies of the 1950s to the abstract, industrial-influenced works of the 1960s is apparent in Kadishman’s early sculpture as he replaced bronze and stone with aluminium, glass and steel.

The curator of his 1965 first solo show in London’s Grosvenor Gallery, Charles S Spencer preferred to link his work to the artist’s native land, Israel ‘with its harsh, linear landscape, vast deserts (sic!), bare mountain ranges’ and to his ‘Hebraic attitude’. In 1967 Kadishman won the first prize for sculpture at the 5th Paris Biennale for young artists and in 1968 participated in Documenta 4 in Kassel, Germany.

Being a foreign artist in Britain was not easy in those days, as Kadishman related in the 2011 book on his sculptures by Marc Scheps. Being Israeli, without a British passport, prevented him from participating in official exhibitions, a painful experience that made him feel as if he did not belong in art circles. But it also had a liberating effect: “I suddenly understood that whether I followed or did not follow a certain trend, or was or was not influenced by a certain artist, my work emanated from within me – with no passports, permissions and accepted notions.”

In 1965 he married Tamara Alferoff, a British psychotherapist, and they had two children, Ben and Maya. In 1972, they separated and he returned to Israel. His career prospered in the following years, both in Israel and internationally. In 1995 he was awarded his country’s highest honour, the Israel Prize.

He is survived by his children and six grandchildren.

Menashe Kadishman, artist, born 21 August 1932; died 8 May 2015

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