Nice print titled Lisbonne, from wood engraving with fine detail and clear impression, nice hand coloring, approx. page size is 25 x 17 cm, approx. image size is 19 x 13 cm. From La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, la terre et les hommes, 19 vol., 1875-94 (In English: The Earth and Its Inhabitants, 1878-94), great work of Elisee Reclus.

Lisbon,

Portuguese LISBOA, city, seat of Lisboa distrito ("district") and capital of Portugal. It is the country's chief port and largest city and stands 8 miles (13 km) upstream from the westernmost point of the European continent, where the Tagus (Tejo) River flows into the Atlantic Ocean. At Lisbon the Tagus widens to form a 7-mile- (11-kilometre-) wide bay called the Sea of Palha. On both sides of the river the land rises to gently rolling hills. The Baixa, the city centre and commercial heart of Lisbon, lies on the north bank of the Tagus near the water's edge; it was completely rebuilt after a devastating earthquake in 1755. Many other features of the historic city also have been preserved. Traces of the Moorish walls remain. The Avenida da Liberdade, which is the city's main promenade, has retained its wide, blue-mosaic sidewalks graced with palms and shade trees, fountains, and ornamental waters. A formal garden is located at its upper end, and outdoor cafés enhance the avenue. Most of the city's churches, decorated in Baroque, Rococo, or rocaille styles, were restored after the 1755 earthquake. The 14th-century Carmo (Carmel) Church, however, was left as it was, and the roofless shell is now an archaeological museum. The Castle of St. George (Săo Jorge) overlooks the city from the hill where Lisbon was first founded. The Tower of Belém and the Jerônimos Monastery are among other architectural monuments.

In the 20th century Lisbon has emerged as a bustling metropolis, its growth spurred by tourism and commerce. The 4-story buildings of the Avenida da Liberdade and its ancillary streets (Avenidas Novas) have, for example, been almost totally replaced by 10-story buildings in more modern styles. The municipality also has built new neighbourhoods in the north and northwest sectors, and other building has pushed westward toward Belém.

The part of greater Lisbon along the south bank of the Tagus has become Portugal's most important manufacturing centre; the production of cement, steel, cork, and plastics and the storage of grain are important activities. Other industries include the production of soap, munitions, steel, glass, and electronic equipment and the refining of petroleum.

The University of Lisbon (founded 1288) is the principal centre of higher education; other educational institutions include the Higher Technical Institute and a teaching hospital. The city's many museums have collections of modern, antique, sacred, decorative, and folk arts.