This book describes various types of image patterns for image retrieval. All these patterns are texture dependent. Few image patterns such as Improved directional local extrema patterns, Local Quantized Extrema Patterns, Local Color Oppugnant Quantized Extrema Patterns and Local Mesh quantized extrema patterns are presented. Inter-relationships among the pixels of an image are used for feature extraction. In contrast to the existing patterns these patterns focus on local neighborhood of pixels to creates the feature vector. Evaluation metrics such as precision and recall are calculated after testing with standard databases i.e., Corel-1k, Corel-5k and MIT VisTex database. This book serves as a practical guide for students and researchers.-The text introduces two models of Directional local extrema patterns viz., Integration of color and directional local extrema patterns Integration of Gabor features and directional local extrema patterns.-Provides a framework to extract the features using quantization method-Discusses the local quantized extrema collected from two oppugnant color planes-Illustrates the mesh structure with the pixels at alternate positions.

L Koteswara Rao is currently working as a professor, department of electronics and communication engineering, K L University, Telangana, India. He has more than 18 years of teaching and research experience. He has published more than 30 papers in various reputed national, international journals and conferences. His research interests include image processing, signal processing, embedded systems, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Md Zia Ur Rahman is presently working as a professor, department of electronics and communication engineering, K L University, Andhra Pradesh, India. His current research interests include adaptive signal processing, biomedical signal processing, medical imaging, array signal processing, MEMS, Nanophotonics. He has published more than 100 research papers in various journals and proceedings and authored 2 books. He is serving in various editorial boards in the capacity of editor in chief, associate editor, reviewer for publishers like IEEE, Elsevier, Springer, American Scientific Publishers, etc. P Rohini is currently working as an assistant professor, department o computer science engineering, ICFAI University, Hyderabad, India. She has 14 years of teaching experience. Her research interests include image processing, data mining, and deep learning.